75225-51-3Relevant articles and documents
Lipophilic statins inhibit growth and reduce invasiveness of human endometrial stromal cells
Sokalska, Anna,Hawkins, Amanda B.,Yamaguchi, Toshia,Duleba, Antoni J.
, p. 535 - 541 (2019/01/04)
Purpose: To compare effects of lipid-soluble statins (simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin) and water-soluble statin (pravastatin) on growth and invasiveness of human endometrial stromal (HES) cells. Methods: Endometrial biopsies were collected during the proliferative phase from five volunteers. HES cells were isolated and cultured in the absence or in the presence of simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, and pravastatin. Effects of statins on DNA synthesis, cell viability, activity of caspases 3/7 and invasiveness were evaluated. Results: The proliferation of HES cells was significantly decreased by simvastatin (by 47–89%), lovastatin (by 46–78%), and atorvastatin (by 21–48%) in a concentration-dependent manner. Activity of executioner caspases 3/7 was significantly increased by simvastatin (by 10–25%), lovastatin (by 19%) and atorvastatin (by 7–10%) in a concentration-dependent manner. The greatest effects were observed in response to simvastatin. Accounting for the effects of statins on cell number, the invasiveness of HES cells was significantly decreased in cells treated with simvastatin (by 49%), lovastatin (by 54%), and atorvastatin (by 53%). Pravastatin had little or no effects on any of the tested endpoints. Conclusions: Present findings demonstrate that only lipid-soluble among tested statins were effective in inhibition of growth and invasiveness of HES cells. These findings may have clinical relevance in treatment of endometriosis.
DUAL ACTION INHIBITORS AGAINST HISTONE DEACETYLASES AND 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE
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Paragraph 0099; 0100; 0101, (2014/08/06)
Disclosed herein are novel compounds of formula (I), and uses thereof. The compounds of Formula (I) are inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR). Also provided are methods of using the
Association between risk of myopathy and cholesterol-lowering effect: A comparison of all statins
Kobayashi, Masaki,Chisaki, Ikumi,Narumi, Katsuya,Hidaka, Kazuhiro,Kagawa, Toshiki,Itagaki, Shirou,Hirano, Takeshi,Iseki, Ken
, p. 969 - 975 (2008/09/19)
In the present study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of pitavastatin, a new statin, and we compared the in vitro potencies of muscle cytotoxicity using a prototypic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD cells), a typical side effect of statins and compared the cholesterol-lowering effects of statins using Hep G2 hepatoma cells. Pitavastatin reduced the number of viable cells and caused caspase-9 and -3/7 activation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The comparison of cytotoxities of statins showed that statins significantly reduced cell viability and markedly enhanced activity of caspase-3/7 in concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, the effects of hydrophilic statins, pravastatin, rosuvastatin were very weak. The rank order of cytotoxicity was cerivastatin > simvastatin acid> fluvastatin > atorvastatin > lovastatin acid > pitavastatin ? rosuvastatin, pravastatin. Statin-induced cytotoxicity is associated with these partition coefficients. On the other hand, the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins did not correlate with these partition coefficients and cytotoxicity. Thus, it is necessary to consider the association between risk of myopathy and cholesterol-lowering effect of a statin for precise use of statins.