75735-50-1Relevant articles and documents
Factors controlling the Selectivity of ipso-Attack in Homolytic Aromatic Substitutions. Reactions of Alkyl Radicals with Nitrothiophen Derivatives
Cogolli, Pietro,Maiolo, Filippo,Testaferri, Lorenzo,Tiecco, Marcello,Tingoli, Marco
, p. 1331 - 1335 (1980)
The reactions of the nearly electroneutral methyl and of the nucleophilic 1-adamantyl radical with some selected nitrothiophen derivatives have been investigated in order to elucidate the factors which control the positional selectivity of radical addition to an aromatic substrate.With 5-nitro-2-X-thiophens (II), (V), and (VI) and 3,5-dinitro-2-methoxycarbonylthiophen (III) the adamantyl radical gave exclusively the products of ipso-attack, whereas the methyl radical selectively added at the unsubstituted 4-position.On the other hand, with 4-nitro-2-methoxycarbonylthiophen (I) both radicals added at the 5-position and with 4,5-dinitro-2-methoxycarbonylthiophen (IV) both radicals gave the products of ipso-substitution by displacing the nitro-group from the 5-position.These changes in positional selectivity are explained by assuming that the nature of the transition state of the addition step changes as a function of the polar character of the radical and of the electron deficiency of the aromatic substrates.