764651-75-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Highly economical and direct amination of sp3carbon using low-cost nickel pincer catalyst
Brandt, Andrew,Rangumagar, Ambar B.,Szwedo, Peter,Wayland, Hunter A.,Parnell, Charlette M.,Munshi, Pradip,Ghosh, Anindya
, p. 1862 - 1874 (2021/01/20)
Developing more efficient routes to achieve C-N bond coupling is of great importance to industries ranging from products in pharmaceuticals and fertilizers to biomedical technologies and next-generation electroactive materials. Over the past decade, improvements in catalyst design have moved synthesis away from expensive metals to newer inexpensive C-N cross-coupling approaches via direct amine alkylation. For the first time, we report the use of an amide-based nickel pincer catalyst (1) for direct alkylation of amines via activation of sp3 C-H bonds. The reaction was accomplished using a 0.2 mol% catalyst and no additional activating agents other than the base. Upon optimization, it was determined that the ideal reaction conditions involved solvent dimethyl sulfoxide at 110 °C for 3 h. The catalyst demonstrated excellent reactivity in the formation of various imines, intramolecularly cyclized amines, and substituted amines with a turnover number (TON) as high as 183. Depending on the base used for the reaction and the starting amines, the catalyst demonstrated high selectivity towards the product formation. The exploration into the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction pathway suggested the C-H activation as the rate-limiting step, with the reaction second-order overall, holding first-order behavior towards the catalyst and toluene substrate.
One-pot, chemoselective synthesis of secondary amines from aryl nitriles using a PdPt-Fe3O4nanoparticle catalyst
Byun, Sangmoon,Cho, Ahra,Cho, Jin Hee,Kim, B. Moon
, p. 4201 - 4209 (2020/09/23)
We have developed a new catalytic method for the one-pot, cascade synthesis of unsymmetrical secondary amines via the reductive amination of aryl nitriles with nitroalkanes using a PdPt-Fe3O4 nanoparticle (NP) catalyst. The use of a bimetallic catalyst resulted in enhanced reactivity and selectivity compared to that of either monometallic Pd-Fe3O4 or the Pt-Fe3O4 NP catalyst. Using this bimetallic catalytic system, we were successful in the synthesis of various unsymmetrical secondary amines under mild conditions. However, aryl nitriles containing an electron-donating substituent were rather resistant to the reductive amination, and when hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) was used as a co-solvent, the reaction selectivity and yield for unsymmetrical secondary amines increased dramatically. Using the catalyst system, one-pot, gram-scale synthesis of indole was possible from 2-nitrophenylacetonitrile. Due to the magnetic property of the Fe3O4 support, the bimetallic catalyst could easily be recycled using an external magnet at least four times.
Preparation of benzolactams by Pd(OAC)2-catalyzed direct aromatic carbonylation
Orito, Kazuhiko,Horibata, Akiyoshi,Nakamura, Takatoshi,Ushito, Harumi,Nagasaki, Hideo,Yuguchi, Motoki,Yamashita, Satoshi,Tokuda, Masao
, p. 14342 - 14343 (2007/10/03)
We developed a new method for Pd(II)-catalyzed direct aromatic carbonylation in a phosphine-free catalytic system using Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 in an atmosphere of CO gas containing air. The carbonylation proceeded with ortho-palladation, inducing a remarkable site selectivity to afford a variety of five- or six-membered benzolactams from secondary ω-arylalkylamines, such as N-alkylbenzylamines or N-alkylphenethylamines. Copyright
