7786-81-4 Usage
Uses
Used in Chemical Industry:
Nickel sulfate is used as a raw material for the production of other nickel compounds, such as nickel ammonium sulfate and nickel catalysts.
Used in Electroplating:
Nickel sulfate is used in nickel plating to coat iron and copper with a layer of nickel, enhancing their durability and appearance.
Used in Textile Industry:
Nickel sulfate is used as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles, helping to fix dyes to the fabric and improve colorfastness.
Used in Ceramics:
Nickel sulfate is used in the ceramics industry for coloring and as a coating for other substances.
Used in Protective Coatings:
Nickel sulfate is used for producing driers for use in protective coatings, enhancing the durability and longevity of the coatings.
Used in Jewelry Manufacturing:
Nickel sulfate is used for blackening zinc and brass in jewelry manufacturing, giving the metal a dark, aesthetically pleasing finish.
Preparation
Nickel sulfate can be made by several methods. It is prepared by dissolving nickel metal, its oxide, or its carbonate in sulfuric acid. In such methods, powdered metal or black nickel oxide is added to hot dilute sulfuric acid, or nickel carbonate is added to dilute sulfuric acid at ambient temperature:
NiO + H2SO4 → NiSO4 + H2O
NiCO3 + H2SO4 → NiSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Impurities may be precipitated by treating the diluted solution with barium carbonate. Evaporation followed by cooling crystallizes hexahydrate in two modifications: blue tetragonal crystals obtained between 31.5 and 53.3°C, and above 53.3°C green monoclinic crystals form. The heptahydrate, NiSO4?7H2O, crystallizes at ordinary temperatures from pure aqueous solutions.
Nickel sulfate also can be produced in large-scale by gas phase reaction of nickel tetracarbonyl, sulfur dioxide, and oxygen at 100°C:
Ni(CO)4 + SO2 + O2 → NiSO4 + 4CO
Reactions
Hydrated nickel sulfate on heating at 103°C loses all of its water molecules. At 848°C, the anhydrous sulfate decomposes to nickel oxide and sulfur trioxide: NiSO4 → NiO + SO3
Nickel sulfate is used in preparing many insoluble nickel salts. In aqueous solutions, such insoluble nickel compounds precipitate; e.g.,
3Ni2+ + 3PO43ˉ → Ni3(PO4)2
Nickel sulfate forms double salts with ammonium or alkali metal sulfates. For example, blue-green hydrated ammonium nickel sulfate, (NH4)2SO4?NiSO4?6H2O, crystallizes from a mixed solution of nickel sulfate and ammonium sulfate. Such double sulfates are isomorphous to corresponding alkali metal or ammonium double sulfates of iron, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, and other bivalent metals.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble yielding acidic corrosive water solutions.
Reactivity Profile
Gives an acidic solution when dissolved in water. Emits highly toxic fumes of metallic nickel, oxides of sulfur, and oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 910].
Hazard
Toxic material. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Dermatitis.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
Confirmed human
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. Poison by intravenous, intraperitoneal,
and subcutaneous routes. Human mutation
data reported. A human skin irritant. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx. See also NICKEL
COMPOUNDS and SULFATES.
Potential Exposure
Nickel sulfate is used in plating baths,
and as an intermediate in the production of nickel ammonium
sulfate; as a mordant in dyeing, and printing textiles;
coatings, and ceramics.
Shipping
UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous
hazardous material, Technical Name Required. UN3288
Toxic solids, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels:
6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Incompatibilities
A strong reducing agent. Incompatible
with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact
may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from
alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids,
epoxides. The aqueous solution is a weak acid. Sulfates
may react violently with aluminum, magnesium.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7786-81-4 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,7,8 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7786-81:
(6*7)+(5*7)+(4*8)+(3*6)+(2*8)+(1*1)=144
144 % 10 = 4
So 7786-81-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Ni.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/p-2
