77951-49-6Relevant articles and documents
A Dual electrochrome of Poly-(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) doped by N,N'-Bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4-4'-bipyridinium-redox chemistry and electrochromism in flexible devices
Bhandari, Shweta,Deepa, Melepurath,Pahal, Suman,Joshi, Amish G.,Srivastava, Avanish Kumar,Kant, Rama
, p. 97 - 105 (2010)
An electrochromic zwitterionic viologen, N,N'-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4-4'-bipyridinium, has been used for the first time for doping poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene) (PEDOT) films during electropolymerization. Slow and fast diffusional rates for the monomer at deposition potentials of +1.2 and +1.8 V, respectively yielded the viologen-doped PEDOT films with granular morphology and with dendrite-like shapes. The dual electrochrome formed at +1.8 V, showed enhanced coloration efficiency, larger electrochemical charge storage capacity, and superior redox activity in comparison to its analogue grown at +1.2 V, thus demonstrating the role of dendritic shapes in amplifying electrochromism. Flexible electrochromic devices fabricated with the viologen-doped PEDOT film grown at +1.8 V and Prussian blue with an ionic liquid-based gel electrolyte film showed reversible coloration between pale and dark purple with maximum coloration efficiency of 187cm2C-1 at λ = 693 nm. The diffusional impedance parameters and switching kinetics of the device showed the suitability of this dual electrochrome formed as a single layer for practical electrochromic cells.
Characterization of Intrinsic Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon as a Thin-Film Photocathode Material. Efficient Photoreduction Processes in Aqueous Solution
Harrison, D. Jed,Calabrese, Gary S.,Ricco, Antonio J.,Dresner, Joseph,Wrighton, Mark S.
, p. 4212 - 4219 (1983)
Intrinsic amorphous hydrogenated silicon, a-Si:H, has been characterized as a thin-film (8000 Angstroem) a-Si:H material.The intrinsic a-Si:H is deposited onto a 200-Angstroem thick, heavily B-doped, layer of a-Si:H on stainless steel.The 200-Angstroem p+-a-Si:H layer ensures a back contact to the valence band to give as large a field across the 8000-Angstroem intrinsic layer as possible when the intrinsic layer is contacted on the other side by an electrolyte solution containing a redox couple.The a-Si:H photocathodes give good photovoltages in aqueous and nonaqueous media, up to 855 mV, depending on the E1/2 of the redox couple in contact with the electrode.A plot of photovoltage vs.E1/2 shows a slope of only 0.42.A zero photovoltage is extrapolated to obtain for E1/2 no more negative than +0.9 V vs.SCE; the photovoltage is constant for E1/2 more negative than ca. -0.8 V vs.SCE.The slope of less than 1.0 suggests a deleterious role for states situated between the valence and conduction bands of a-Si:H.The surface of a-Si:H can be derivatized with an N,N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium reagent followed by deposition of Pd or Pt to effect H2 evolution at an electrode potential up to ca. 700 mV more positive than on a conventional electrode.The durability and photovoltage of a-Si:H photocathodes are superior to those of single-crystal p-Si photocathodes, but the wavelength response, rectangularity of current-voltage curves, and the quantum yield for electron flow offset the advantages of the thin-film photocathode.The sustained energy conversion efficiency for 632.8-nm light to electricity or H2 is about the same for a-Si:H and single-crystal p-Si under the same conditions.Importantly, constant output of electricity for 50 h at ca. 3.2 mA/cm2 has been obtained from a-Si:H photocathode-based cells employing an aqueous Eu3+/2+/KCl redox couple/electrolyte combination.
Novel Effect of Man-Made Molecular Assemblies on Photoinduced Charge Separation. 3. Sensitized Photoreduction of Zwitterionic Viologen in the presence of Cationic Surfactants
Nagamura, Toshihiko,Kurihara, Takashi,Matsuo, Taku,Sumitani, Minoru,Yoshihara, Keitaro
, p. 4368 - 4371 (1982)
Addition of cationic surfactant at concentrations above the cmc drastically increased the efficiency of photoreduction of zwitterionic propylviologenesulfonate as sensitized by tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium complex, Ru(bpy)32+, in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA).The efficiency of net electron transfer in the quenching process was slightly improved by the addition of cationic surfactants.The lifetime of reduced viologens remarkably increased with increasing the concentrations of cationic surfactants.The electrostatic field due to the positively charged molecular assemblies such as micelles or lilayers were concluded to trap the reduced viologens and to prevent thermodinamically favored back-electron-transfer reactions.
ASYMMETRIC METAL COMPLEX AS AN ACTIVE MATERIAL OF A FLOW BATTERY
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, (2022/03/31)
The present invention teaches an asymmetrical metal complex comprising a metal center coordinated with between two and six hydrophilic ligands, wherein at least one of said hydrophilic ligands is chemically different than the other said hydrophilic ligands.
Electrochemical investigation of structurally varied azinium scaffolds
Bure?, Filip,Bure?ová, Zuzana,Klikar, Milan,Kví?ala, Jaroslav,Mazúr, Petr,Mike?ová, Michaela,Rak, Kamil
supporting information, p. 8830 - 8839 (2021/10/22)
Inspired by the successful utilization of aziniums as anolytes in redox-flow batteries, we have designed and prepared a systematically extended series of (di)azinium compounds based on pyrazine, bipyridine, 1,5-naphthyridine, 3,8-phenanthroline, (E)-4,4′-
