78-88-6

Basic information

• Product Name: 2,3-Dichloropropene
• Synonyms: Propene,2,3-dichloro- (8CI);2,3-Dichloro-1-propene;2,3-Dichloropropylene;2-Chloroallyl chloride;NSC 60520
• CAS NO: 78-88-6
• Molecular Formula: C₃H₄Cl₂
• Molecular Weight: 110.96986
• EINECS: 201-153-8
• Mol File: 78-88-6.mol
• Article Data: 20

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 10℃
• Boiling Point: 97.3 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 18.7 °C
• Appearance: clear colorless to pink-brownish liquid
• Density: 1.151 cm³
• Refractive Index: 1.4601-1.4621
• Water Solubility: <0.1 g/100 mL at 22℃
• CAS DataBase Reference: 2,3-Dichloropropene(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,3-Dichloropropene(78-88-6)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 2,3-Dichloropropene(78-88-6)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: F:Flammable;;
• Statements: R11:; R20/21/22:; R37/38:; R40:; R41:; R52/53:
• Safety Statements: S16:; S23:; S26:; S36/37/39:; S61:; S9:
• Hazardous Substances Data: 78-88-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

2,3-Dichloropropene, also known as DCP, is a colorless liquid chemical compound that is widely used as a soil fumigant in agricultural practices to control nematodes, weeds, and soil-borne pathogens. It is also used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, such as insecticides and herbicides. DCP is highly reactive and can undergo several chemical reactions, making it a valuable ingredient in the synthesis of other compounds. However, it is considered to be a potential environmental and human health hazard due to its toxicity and potential to contaminate groundwater. As a result, its use is regulated in many countries to minimize its impact on the environment and human health.

InChI:InChI=1/C3H4Cl2/c1-3(5)2-4/h1-2H2

Synthetic route

1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; cetylpyridinium bromide for 2h; Heating;	95%
With sodium hydroxide In water at 65 - 95℃; Reagent/catalyst;	94.6%
With sodium hydroxide at 20℃; for 4h;	80%

1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,2-propanediene (463-49-0) + 3-chloroprop-1-ene (107-05-1)

Conditions	Yield
In sodium hydroxide at 45℃; for 4h; electrolysis;	A n/a B n/a C 60%
In sodium hydroxide at 45℃; for 4h; Product distribution; electrolysis; variation of concentration of NaOH;	A n/a B n/a C 60%

2-chloropropene (557-98-2) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 512℃;
With chlorine
With oxygen; chlorine at 0℃; im Dunkeln;

1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + E/Z-1,3-Dichloropropene (542-75-6)

2-propynyl chloride (624-65-7) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + E/Z-1,3-Dichloropropene (542-75-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; mercury dichloride In acetic acid

methanol (67-56-1) + 1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,2-Dichlor-3-methoxy-propane (34680-34-7) + (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene (10061-01-5) + 2-chloro-3-methoxypropene (32804-08-3) + cis-1-chloro-3-methoxypropene + (E)-1,3-dichloro-prop-1-ene (10061-02-6)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium at 250℃; Product distribution; Mechanism; other temp.;

1,1-dichlorocyclopropane (2088-35-9) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,1-dichloropropene (563-58-6)

Conditions	Yield
In gas at 336.9 - 451.9℃; under 10.5 Torr; Kinetics; Product distribution;

chlorine (7782-50-5) + 3-chloroprop-1-ene (107-05-1) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene (10061-01-5) + 3,3-dichloropropene (563-57-5) + (E)-1,3-dichloro-prop-1-ene (10061-02-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 510℃; nach Vorwaermen auf 100grad;
at 510℃; nach Vorwaermen auf 100grad;

2-chloropropene (557-98-2) + chlorine (7782-50-5) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 0℃; im Dunkeln;

CH3CCl2CH2Cl → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6)

Conditions	Yield
With water

2-chloropropene (557-98-2) + chlorine (7782-50-5) + oxygen → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,2,2-trichloropropane (3175-23-3) + 1,2-dichloro-propene (563-54-2)

Conditions	Yield
Product distribution; im Dunkeln;

2-methoxy-ethanol (109-86-4) + 1,2-dichloro-3-bromopropane (33037-07-9) + potassium hydroxide → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 0℃;

CH3CCl2CH2Cl → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,2-dichloro-propene (563-54-2)

Conditions	Yield
With water

1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) + potash → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + E/Z-1,3-Dichloropropene (542-75-6)

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + 1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 2-chloroallyl alcohol (5976-47-6) + bis-<β-chloro-allyl>-ether

1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) + NaHCO3 → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 2-chloroallyl alcohol (5976-47-6) + bis-<β-chloro-allyl>-ether

1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) + natrium carbonate → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 2-chloroallyl alcohol (5976-47-6) + bis-<β-chloro-allyl>-ether

propene (187737-37-7) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,2-Dichloropropane (26198-63-0, 78-87-5) + E/Z-1,3-Dichloropropene (542-75-6) + chlorobenzene (108-90-7) + polychlorinated dibenzofuranspolychlorinated dibenzodioxins

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; air; fly ash at 349 - 548℃; for 0.000277778h; oxychlorination; Further byproducts given;

2-chloropropene (557-98-2) → 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,2,2-trichloropropane (3175-23-3)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium trichloride; chlorine In various solvent(s) at 24.85℃; Kinetics; Further Variations:; Temperatures; Reagents;
With chlorine; phenol In various solvent(s) at 24.85℃;
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); chlorine In various solvent(s) at 24.85℃;

1,3-Dichloropropane (142-28-9) + 1-chloro-3-hydroxypropane (627-30-5) → glycidyl methyl ether (930-37-0) + 1,2-Epoxyhexane (1436-34-6) + 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 2-chloroallyl alcohol (5976-47-6) + 1,2,2-trichloropropane (3175-23-3) + 1,2-Dichloropropane (26198-63-0, 78-87-5) + (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene (10061-01-5) + 1,2,3-trichloro-1-propene (13116-58-0) + (1Z)-1,2,3-trichloroprop-1-ene (96-19-5, 13116-58-0, 13116-57-9) + 1,3,3-trichloro-propene (2953-50-6) + 1t,3,3-trichloro-propene (2598-01-8) + chlorodibromomethane (124-48-1) + 1,1,2-trichloropropane (598-77-6) + 2,3-Dichloro-1-propanol (616-23-9) + 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol (96-23-1) + 1,2,3-trichloropropane (96-18-4) + 3,3-dichloropropene (563-57-5) + 3,3-dichloroallyl chloride (2567-14-8) + acetaldehyde (75-07-0) + allyl alcohol (107-18-6) + hydroxy-2-propanone (116-09-6) + chloroacetone (78-95-5) + cyclopentanone (120-92-3) + chlorobenzene (108-90-7) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0) + 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (96-24-2) + acrolein (107-02-8) + epichlorohydrin (106-89-8) + (E)-1,3-dichloro-prop-1-ene (10061-02-6)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; water at 45 - 62.4℃; under 112.511 - 750.075 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;

...Expand

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) → 3-iodo-2-chloropropene (39557-31-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium iodide In acetone at 20℃; for 4h;	100%
With sodium iodide In acetone for 3.5h; Heating;	91%
With sodium iodide In acetone at 20℃; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst;	66%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1-hydroxyanthraquinone (129-43-1) → 1-(2'-chloroprop-2'-enyloxy)anthraquinone (80034-87-3)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In acetone for 528h;	100%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 70℃;

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + lithium 1-cyclohexenolate (21300-30-1) → 2-(2-Chloro-2-propenyl)cyclohexanone (17392-07-3)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran for 6h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; reaction with and without catalyst; various other reagents; regioselectivity;	2%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-anthra[1,2-b]furan-6,11-dione (86842-00-4) → 5-(2'-chloroprop-2'-enyloxy)-2-methyl-6,11-dihydroanthra<1,2-b>furan-6,11-dione (80034-86-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In acetone	100%
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetone for 24h; Heating;	91%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + ethyl 4-(benzyloxy)-7-bromo-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (290333-14-1) → ethyl 4-(benzyloxy)-7-bromo-1-(2-chloro-allyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (922507-06-0)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; sodium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 24h;	100%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 2-thiocresol (137-06-4) → (2-chloroallyl)(o-tolyl)sulfane

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In acetone at 60℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

ammonium thiocyanate + 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) → 2-chloro-3-isothiocyanato-1-propene (14214-31-4)

Conditions	Yield
In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 50 - 60℃; for 3h; Temperature; Solvent;	99.8%
In water

ammonium thiocyanate + 2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) → 2-chloro-3-isothiocyanato-1-propene (14214-31-4)

Conditions	Yield
In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 50 - 60℃; for 3h;	99.8%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + sodium thiocyanide (540-72-7) → 2-chloro-3-isothiocyanato-1-propene (14214-31-4)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 0 - 5℃; for 3h; Temperature; Solvent; Reflux;	99.5%
With N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In toluene at 100 - 105℃; for 1.5h; Large scale;	80%
With N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In toluene at 100 - 105℃; for 1.5h; Large scale;	80%
With N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In toluene at 100 - 105℃; for 1.5h; Large scale;	80%
In water at 100℃; for 14h; Temperature;

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + cyclohexanone (108-94-1) → 1-(2'-chloroallyl)-1-cyclohexanol (133691-17-5)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid; zinc In water; toluene at 45℃;	99%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + hexanal (66-25-1) → 2-Chloronon-1-en-4-ol (133691-03-9)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid; zinc In water; toluene at 45℃;	99%
With sodium iodide; tin(ll) chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 20h; Ambient temperature;	93%
With ammonium chloride; potassium iodide; tin(ll) chloride at 35℃; for 15h;	74%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) → 3-amino-5-methylpyrazole (31230-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
	99%
	88%
	86%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione (81-64-1) → 1,4-Bis-(2-chloro-allyloxy)-anthraquinone (72183-81-4)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetone for 344h; Heating;	98%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 70℃;

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 4-Fluorothiophenol (371-42-6) → 2-chloro-3-(4-fluorophenylthio)propene (227802-39-3)

Conditions	Yield
	98%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 2-tert-butylthiophenol (19728-41-7) → 1-tert-butyl-2-(2-chloro-allylsulfanyl)-benzene (912332-73-1)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate In acetone Heating / reflux;	98%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + hexamethylenetetramine (100-97-0) → N-β-chloroallylhexamethylenetetramine chloride (101914-01-6)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform at 60℃; for 12h;	97.8%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) → 1,2,2,3-tetrachloropropane (13116-53-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 70℃; under 2250.23 Torr; Pressure; Flow reactor;	97.5%
With chlorine at 20℃; Rate constant;
With chlorine
With chlorine at 45 - 50℃; Conversion of starting material;
With chlorine

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + ammonium thiocyanate (1147550-11-5) → 3-isothiocyanato-2-chloro-2-propene

Conditions	Yield
With polyethylene glycol 400 In water at 100℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;	97.4%
In water at 105℃; for 3h; Green chemistry;	95%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (2043-61-0) → 3-Chloro-1-cyclohexyl-but-3-en-1-ol (139269-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid; zinc In water; toluene at 45℃;	96%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1-hydroxy-4-(prop-2'enyoxy)-9,10-anthraquinone (79207-99-1) → 1-(2'-chloroprop-2'-enyloxy)-4-(prop-2''-enyloxy)anthraquinone (157196-78-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60 - 70℃; for 4h;	96%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + Sodium; (E)-1-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-propen-1-olate → dimethyl (2-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)(methyl)malonate (187029-65-8)

Conditions	Yield
With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran	96%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + Thiocyanate (302-04-5) → 3-isothiocyanato-2-chloro-2-propene

Conditions	Yield
In water at 105℃; for 5h; Green chemistry;	96%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + benzaldehyde (100-52-7) → 3-Chloro-1-phenyl-3-buten-1-ol (63049-56-9)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid; zinc In water; toluene at 45℃; for 2h; Product distribution; other solvent systems, other promoters; other aldehydes and ketones;	95.3%
With acetic acid; zinc In water; toluene at 45℃; for 2h;	95.3%
With ammonium chloride; potassium iodide; tin(ll) chloride at 35℃; for 15h;	82%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone (117-12-4) → 1,5-bis(2'-chloroprop-2'-enyloxy)anthraquinone (101417-87-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 70℃; for 40h;	95%
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetone Heating;	89%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 70℃;

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) → 2-(2-Chloro-2-propenyl)cyclohexanone (17392-07-3)

Conditions	Yield
With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) In tetrahydrofuran for 3h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; other allylic chlorides and acetates;	95%

2,3-Dichloroprop-1-ene (78-88-6) + 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (104-88-1) → 3-Chloro-1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-but-3-en-1-ol (133691-10-8)

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid; zinc In water; toluene at 45℃;	95%

Upstream product

• 557-98-2 2-chloropropene 
• 96-18-4 1,2,3-trichloropropane 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 109-86-4 2-methoxy-ethanol 
• 33037-07-9 1,2-dichloro-3-bromopropane 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 107-05-1 3-chloroprop-1-ene 
• 2088-35-9 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 624-65-7 2-propynyl chloride 
• 142-28-9 1,3-Dichloropropane 
• 627-30-5 1-chloro-3-hydroxypropane 
• 187737-37-7 propene 

Downstream Products

• 99-14-9 tricarallylic acid 
• 4855-84-9 (4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-(2-chloro-allyl)-ether 
• 7460-89-1 biphenyl-4-yl-(2-chloro-allyl)-ether 
• 100141-33-1 N-(2-chloro-allyl)-N-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-aniline 
• 27849-29-2 dimethyl-dithiocarbamic acid-(2-chloro-allyl ester) 
• 70966-91-5 2-chloro-3-ethylsulfanyl-propene 
• 14214-31-4 2-chloro-3-isothiocyanato-1-propene 
• 692-72-8 3-acetoxy-2-chloroprop-1-ene 
• 95-06-7 sulfallate 
• 420-99-5 1-chloro-2,2-difluoropropane 
• 420-97-3 1,2-dichloro-2-fluoro-propane 
• 4162-62-3 bis-(2-chloro-allyl)-ether 
• 13116-58-0 1,2,3-trichloro-1-propene 
• 96-19-5 (1Z)-1,2,3-trichloroprop-1-ene 

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The invention discloses a synthesis method of 2,3-dichloropropene. The synthesis method comprises the step that 2,3-dichloropropene is obtained through cleavage reaction of 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Thesynthesis method is simple in technology, continuous production is adopted to change a gas-liquid reaction into a gas-gas reaction, the reaction route is short, the cost is low, the benefit is high,and the mole yield is 98% (relative to 1,2,3-trichloropropane). The production efficiency and the equipment utilization rate are high, nitrogen is utilized to dilute and protect 2,3-dichloropropene, the product quality is stable, and the technology is safe and reliable. The technological design is reasonable, the process is safe and controllable, the production fee is low, and no waste water is generated.