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Usage

Uses

Gasoline is used as a fuel in various applications, primarily in the following industries:
Used in Automotive Industry:
Gasoline is used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines, specifically in the reciprocating, spark ignition, and internal combustion engines. The distillation ranges of gasoline are specified for these particular applications, and various functional additives are blended into gasolines to serve specific purposes. These additives consist of antiknock fluids, antioxidants, metal deactivators, corrosion inhibitors, anti-icing agents, preignition preventors, upper cylinder lubricants, dyes, and decolorizers.
Used in Chemical Industry:
Gasoline is used as a solvent for fats, oils, and natural resins due to its ability to dissolve these substances. This makes it useful in various chemical processes and applications.
However, it is important to note that gasoline is highly flammable, posing a significant fire and explosion risk. It can also cause eye and upper respiratory tract irritation, central nervous system impairment, and is a possible carcinogen. The use of leaded gasoline has been phased out in many countries, leading to a significant reduction in human blood lead levels. More recently, other additives such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and methyl t-butyl ether have been a focus of concern due to their potential adverse environmental impacts.

Reactivity Profile

GASOLINE may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, peroxides, and perchlorates. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, burns exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Health Hazard

INHALATION causes irritation of upper respiratory tract; central nervous system stimulation followed by depression of varying degrees ranging from dizziness, headache, and incoordination to anesthesia, coma, and respiratory arrest; irregular heartbeat is dangerous complication. ASPIRATION causes severe lung irritation with coughing, gagging, dyspnea, substernal distress, and rapidly developing pulmonary edema; later, signs of bronchopneumonia and pneumonitis; acute onset of central nervous system followed by depression. INGESTION causes irritation of mucous membranes of throat, esophagus, and stomach; stimulation followed by depression of central nervous system; irregular heartbeat.

Flammability and Explosibility

Extremelyflammable

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: cough, conjunctiva irritation, hallucinations or distorted per ceptions. Repeated or prolonged dermal ex posure causes dermatitis. Can cause blister ing of skin. Inhalation or ingestion can cause central nervous system depression. Pulmon ary aspiration can cause severe pneumonitis. Some addiction has been reported from inhalation of fumes. Even brief inhalations of high concentrations can cause a fatal pulmonary edema. The vapors are consider ed to be moderately poisonous. If its con-centration in air is sufficiently high to reduce the oxygen content below that needed to maintain life, it acts as a simple asphyxiant. A human eye irritant. Gasohe is a common air contaminant. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fKe, use foam, CO2, dry chemical.

Potential Exposure

Gasoline is used as a fuel, diluent, and solvent throughout industry.

Environmental Fate

Since gasoline is a mixture, no simple summary can address the fates of all of the components. However, many of the toxicologically significant components are volatile and so are lost to the atmosphere after being released to surface soil or surface water. These compounds are then subject to photochemical oxidation. In addition, these components can leach through the soil and contaminate groundwater where they may remain for long periods of time. Under aerobic conditions, biodegradation of gasoline components can occur in soil and surface water.

Shipping

UN1203 Gasoline includes gasoline mixed with ethyl alcohol, with not >10% alcohol, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Toxicity evaluation

Little information is available on most of the mechanisms of toxicity of gasoline. It has been suggested, however, that renal effects in rats are mediated by alpha-2-urinary globulin and thus of little relevance to humans who do not produce this protein.

Incompatibilities

May form explosive mixture with air. Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Incompatible with nitric acid. May accumulate static elec trical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors.

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinera tor equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. Alternatively, gasoline vapors may be recovered from fuel transfer operations by various techniques.