850140-72-6 Usage
General Description
Afatinib is a prescription medicine that can be taken orally for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with atypical Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EFGR) agents. Afatinib is also prescribed for the treatment of NSCLC with the potential or radiating to other body tissues other than the lungs (metastatic cancer) as detected through an FDA approved examination. Afatinib is a 4-anilinoquinazoline tyrosine kinase suppressor that is available as a dimaleate salt (brand name: Giltrif). The drug is the first FDA-endorsed oncology product by Boehringer Ingelheim.
Indication
The drug is a kinase agonist that is indicated as monotherapy for EFGR and tyrosine kinase suppressor-naive adult patients whose NSCLC is metastatic or locally advanced and the tumours are resistant to EGFR mutations as approved by an FDA-endorsed examination. In addition, the adult patients should indicate signs of squamous histology progress at the time of platinum-based chemotherapy or after the sessions.
Information on Dosing
The recommended dose of Afatinib is 40mg administered orally once every day 1-2 hours after the consumption of a meal, until the tumours regress or if the patient’s body can no longer tolerate the drug.
Pharmacodynamics
Afatinib is an irreversible ErbB inhibitor that forms covalent bonds with the kinase domains of EGFR, HER4, and human EGFRs (HER) 2, which results in an irreparable obstruction of tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation.
Afatinib as a single treatment agent obstructs the ErbB receptor which influences tumour regression and also inhibits further growth of the tumour through deregulation of the ErbB pathway. NSCLC tumours with a characteristic activating EGFR variation (Del 19, L858R) and other uncommon variations in exon 21 (L861Q) and exon 18 (G719X) are responsive to treatment with Afatinib in both clinical and non-clinical setups. Limited clinical and non-clinical activity indicates NSCLC tumours with positioning mutations in exon 20.
The accession of a secondary T790M variation is a crucial trait of acquired resistance to the drug and gene dosage of T790M-possessing allele correlates with partial resistance in vitro. The T790M variation is highlighted in about 50% of the patient’s tumour’s whose development on Afatinib may be perceived as a next-line therapeutic option where the T790M aims at EGFR TKIs. Other mechanisms of resistance to the drug have been highlighted MET gene extension clinically and preclinically.
The impact of multiple doses of the drug (50 mg once per day) on the QTc interval and the cardiac electrophysiology was examined in a single-arm, open-label study in people with refractory or relapsed solid tumours. The study maintains that there were no developments in the mean QTc interval, >20 ms.
Absorption
An oral administration of Afatinib attains peak plasma concentrations after 2-5 hours. The geometric mean relative bioavailability of 20mg tablets is 92% as opposed to the oral syrup. Systemic exposure to the drug is reduced by 50% and 30%, Cmax and AUC0-∞ respectively, when taken with a high-fat meal as opposed to its administration after a period of fasting. The population pharmacokinetic data obtained from several clinical trials on tumours suggests that there is an average reduction of 26% in AUCss if a patient consumes food about 1-3 hours prior to the administration of Afatinib.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of the drug in healthy volunteers is 4500 L. The high volume of transmission in plasma indicates that there could be a higher rate of distribution in body tissues.
Metabolism
Different sources of media describe the Metabolism of 850140-72-6 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Metabolic reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes play an insignificant role in the synthesis of Afatinib. Covalent bonds to proteins are the fundamental forms of the drug’s metabolites.
2. Enzyme-catalysed metabolic reactions play a negligible
role for afatinib in vivo. Covalent adducts to proteins were
the major circulating metabolites of afatinib.
Excreted mainly in the faeces.
Interactions
Afatinib may interact with phenobarbital, St. Johns wort, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampicin, saquinavir, nelfinavir, tacrolimus, quinidine, itraconazole, amiodarone, verapamil, ketoconazole, cyclosporine A. or erythromycin. This is not an all-inclusive list of all the drugs that may interact with Afatinib hence a patient should always notify their healthcare provider of any herbal supplements, over-the-counter drugs and other medications they are taking prior to the initiation of treatment.
Afatinib may also harm a developing fetus hence it is not recommended during pregnancy.
Route of Elimination
The elimination of Afatinib in humans is primarily through the faecal route. The administration of an oral solution of the drug suggests that about 85.4 % of Afatinib is recovered in faeces whereas 4.3% of the drug in urine.
Side Effects
Common side effects associated with the administration of Afatinib include conjunctivitis, fever, runny nose, bloody nose, bladder/urinary tract infection, itching, vomiting, weight loss, loss of appetite nausea, acne, dry skin, skin infections around toenails or fingernails, mouth sores, chapped lips, inflammation of the lips and the mouth, blisters or skin lesions, skin rash, and diarrhoea.
Adverse reactions to Afatinib may include Keratitis, hepatic toxicity, Interstitial Lung Disease, Exfoliative and Bullous Skin Disorders, and diarrhoea.
Description
Afatinib (850140-72-6) is a clinically useful kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. It is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of mutant and wild-type EGFR (IC50= 0.5 nM) and HER2 (IC50?= 14 nM).
Uses
An aminocrotonylamino-substituted quinazoline derivative
Definition
ChEBI: A quinazoline compound having a 3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino group at the 4-position, a 4-dimethylamino-trans-but-2-enamido group at the 6-position, and an (S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy group at the 7-position. Used (as its di
aleate salt) for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
Clinical Use
Protein kinase inhibitor:
Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Enzyme inhibitor
This oral quinazoline derivative and EGFR/HER2-directed protein kinase inhibitor (FW = 485.94; CASs = 439081-18-2 (free base), 936631-70-8 (maleic acid salt), 1254955-21-9 (HCl salt); Solubility (at 25°C): 197 mg/mL DMSO, 1 mg/mL Water), also known by its code name BIBW2992, its trade names Gilotrif? Tomtovok?, Tovok?, and its systematic name (S,E)-N-(4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl-amino)-7-(tetrahydrofuran- 3-yloxy)quinazolin-6-yl)-4-(dimethylamino)but-2-enamide, irreversibly inactivates EGFRwt, EGFRL858R, EGFRL858R/T790M and HER2with IC50 values of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM, respectively. Mode of Action: The irreversible binding of afatinib to HER2 inactivates its interactions with a preferred partner of EGFR, and blocking the HER2- EGFR heterodimerization reduces their intrinsic tyrosine kinase activities. Irreversible inhibitors (such as afatinib and dacomitinib) that target all ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases are intended to confer sustained disease control in ErbB-dependent cancers. Because nearly all EGFRmutated patients eventually develop resistance to reversible EGFR-TKIs after a median of 14 months, tafatinib’s irreversible action is thought to be a promising feature of its mode of action. Pharmacokinetics: Afatinib’s PK profile is best described by a two-compartment disposition model, with first-order absorption and linear elimination. There was a slightly more than proportional increase in exposure with increasing dose, most likely due to dose-dependent relative bioavailability. For the therapeutic dose of 40 mg, the estimated apparent total clearance rate at steady state was 734 mL/min.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antipsychotics: avoid with clozapine - increased risk
of agranulocytosis.
Ciclosporin: concentration of afatinib possibly
increased, separate administration by 6-12 hours.
Tacrolimus: concentration of afatinib possibly
increased, separate administration by 6-12 hours.
References
1) Li?et al. (2008),?BIBW2992, an irreversible EGFR/HER2 inhibitor highly effective in preclinical lung cancer models; Oncogene,?27?4702
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 850140-72-6 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 8,5,0,1,4 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 850140-72:
(8*8)+(7*5)+(6*0)+(5*1)+(4*4)+(3*0)+(2*7)+(1*2)=136
136 % 10 = 6
So 850140-72-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C24H25ClFN5O3/c1-31(2)8-3-4-23(32)30-21-11-17-20(12-22(21)34-16-7-9-33-13-16)27-14-28-24(17)29-15-5-6-19(26)18(25)10-15/h3-6,10-12,14,16H,7-9,13H2,1-2H3,(H,30,32)(H,27,28,29)/b4-3+
850140-72-6Relevant articles and documents
Arab league law for nepal preparation method of the compound
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Paragraph 0052-0057; 0061, (2019/04/10)
The invention provides a novel preparation method of an afatinib compound. Raw materials and reagents used in the preparation method have the advantages of low cost, stable chemical property and convenience in long-term storage and the content of an impurity cis-isomer in the prepared afatinib compound is very low.
An alternative synthesis of the non-small cell lung carcinoma drug afatinib
Kovacevic, Tatjana,Mesic, Milan,Avdagic, Amir,Zegarac, Miroslav
, p. 4180 - 4182 (2018/10/24)
Afatinib (BIBW2992) is the anticancer drug developed by Boehringer Ingelheim. This work is reporting the synthesis of the afatinib using a new route by Ullmann-Goldberg reaction from corresponding 4-anilinoquinazoline iodide as the last step in the synthesis. This route was not described previously and it could be used for synthesis of afatinib analogues.
A arab league law for nepal and its preparation method and application
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Paragraph 0051; 0053; 0054; 0055; 0059; 0062; 0065; 0069, (2018/11/03)
The present invention provides afatinib, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The method comprises: by taking carbon tetrabromide and an organophosphorus compound as a condensation reagent, taking a dimethyl amino crotonic acid and/or dimethyl amino crotonic acid salt and N4-(3-chlorine-4-fluorine-phenyl)-7-(( S )-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy) quinazoline-4, 6-diamine as raw materials, performing a condensation reaction to generate the afatinib. According to the preparation method provided by the present invention, the carbon tetrabromide and the organophosphorus compound are taken as the condensation reagent, and the afatinib can be obtained by virtue of one-step condensation reaction. The process is simple, and during the process of preparing the afatinib, a selection range of the condensation reagent is expanded; and the reaction yield can be higher than 90%, and the product purity is higher than 95%.