85796-88-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Formation of a cyclic tetrahedral intermediate by the addition of water to 2-methyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine followed by ring opening to 2-aminobenzyl acetate and 2-acetylaminobenzyl alcohol; pH-dependence of rate of reaction and product ratio
Dixon, Wendy J.,Hibbert, Frank
, p. 1035 - 1041 (2007/10/03)
Kinetic studies have shown that addition of water to protonated 2-methyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine occurs to give a cyclic tetrahedral carbonyl addition intermediate. At pH 7.5, the unprotonated intermediate collapses to give 2-acetylaminobenzyl alcohol. The former reaction is catalysed by buffer base but the latter is uncatalysed. At pH 9-12, reaction of hydroxide ion with protonated 2-methyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine to give 2-acetylaminobenzyl alcohol becomes important, and at pH >12, the same product is formed by reaction of hydroxide ion with unprotonated 2-methyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine.
Kinetics and mechanism of the addition of water and ring-opening of 2-methyl- and 2-aryl-4H-3,1-benzoxazines to 2-aminobenzyl esters in the acidic pH range; change in rate-limiting step with buffer concentration and evidence for a tetrahedral carbonyl addition intermediate
Dixon, Wendy J.,Hibbert, Frank,Mills, Judith F.
, p. 1503 - 1509 (2007/10/03)
The observed rate coefficients for the reaction of 2-methyl-, 2-phenyl- and 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazines to give the corresponding 2-aminobenzyl esters increase as the pH is lowered and reach a constant plateau value at pH 2-4 depending on the substituent. The plateau region corresponds to complete conversion of the benzoxazine to the protonated benzoxazine (SH+) which is the reactive species. Values of pKSH+ calculated by fitting the appropriate rate expression to the rate-pH profile and the pKSH+ values measured spectrophotometrically before significant reaction to the ester has taken place are in good agreement. For each benzoxazine the observed rate coefficients show a rectilinear dependence on buffer concentration. A mechanism is proposed involving addition of water to the protonated benzoxazine to give a cyclic tetrahedral carbonyl addition intermediate. At low buffer concentrations, buffer catalysed collapse of the intermediate to product is rate-limiting and the reaction is first order in buffer. At high buffer concentrations, collapse of the intermediate to product is rapid and addition of water to the protonated benzoxazine to give the intermediate is rate-limiting.
Rearrangement of N-acyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-2,1-benzoxazines to 2-substituted-4H-3,1-benzoxazines through a retro-Diels-Alder extrusion of formaldehyde
Glover, Stephen A.,Jones, Katherine M.,McNee, Ian R.,Rowbottom, Colleen A.
, p. 1367 - 1376 (2007/10/03)
N-Acyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-2,1-benzoxazines (3) undergo a thermal decomposition involving loss of formaldehyde in a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. The resultant N-acylazaxylylenes? (4) undergo a 6π electrocyclisation to give 2-substituted-4H-3,1-benzoxazines (5) rather than a 4π electrocyclisation to give the N-acyl-1,2-dihydrobenzazetes (6). Compounds 5 have been fully characterised spectroscopically and their data is inconsistent with that reported previously by other workers for what are purported to be the same compounds. 2-Methyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine (5b) and other 2-alkyl-substituted compounds undergo facile hydrolysis to o-aminobenzyl esters (9) which rearrange to the thermodynamically more stable o-hydroxymethylanilides (10). 2-Phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine (5a) is relatively stable to hydrolysis but undergoes a novel photochemical ring opening (> 254 nm) to give the N-benzoylazaxylylene (12) which can be trapped with alcohols giving o′-alkoxymethylbenzanilides (11). In cyclohexanol at 160°C, the intermediate in the thermal rearrangement of 3a to 5a, N-benzoylazaxylylene (12), was trapped as o′-cyclohexyloxymethylbenzanilide (11b). The rearrangements in mesitylene are unimolecular with activation energies of 35, 37 and 42 kcal mol-1 ? for 3a; 3c and 3d, respectively. The extrusion and electrocyclisation reaction pathways for N-acetyl-3,4-dihydro-2,1- benzoxazine (3b) have been modelled using AM1 molecular orbital theory which predicts both a non-synchronous transition state for the retro-Diels-Alder reaction and the preferred mode of ring closure to be the 6π rather than the 4π electrocyclisation.
GENERATION AND REACTIONS OF AZAXYLYLENES
Bowen, R. D.,Davies, D. E.,Fishwick, C. W. G.,Glasbey, T. O.,Noyce, S. J.,Storr, R. C.
, p. 4501 - 4504 (2007/10/02)
Azaxylenes produced by flash vacuum pyrolysis of 2-aminobenzylalcohols, dihydrobenzoxazinones and dihydrobenzoxazines undergo intramolecular cyclisation, H-shifts or Diels-Alder reactions, depending on their substituents.
