86264-82-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Purple acid phosphatase inhibitors as leads for osteoporosis chemotherapeutics
Hussein, Waleed M.,Feder, Daniel,Schenk, Gerhard,Guddat, Luke W.,McGeary, Ross P.
, p. 462 - 479 (2018/08/21)
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are metalloenzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of phosphate esters under acidic conditions. Their active site contains a Fe(III)Fe(II) metal centre in mammals and a Fe(III)Zn(II) or Fe(III)Mn(II) metal centre in plants. In humans, elevated PAP levels in serum strongly correlate with the progression of osteoporosis and metabolic bone malignancies, which make PAP a target suitable for the development of chemotherapeutics to combat bone ailments. Due to difficulties in obtaining the human enzyme, the corresponding enzymes from red kidney bean and pig have been used previously to develop specific PAP inhibitors. Here, existing lead compounds were further elaborated to create a series of inhibitors with Ki values as low as ～30 μM. The inhibition constants of these compounds were of comparable magnitude for pig and red kidney bean PAPs, indicating that relevant binding interactions are conserved. The crystal structure of red kidney bean PAP in complex with the most potent inhibitor in this series, compound 4f, was solved to 2.40 ? resolution. This inhibitor coordinates directly to the binuclear metal centre in the active site as expected based on its competitive mode of inhibition. Docking simulations predict that this compound binds to human PAP in a similar mode. This study presents the first example of a PAP structure in complex with an inhibitor that is of relevance to the development of anti-osteoporotic chemotherapeutics.
Chiral thiazolidines in the enantioselective ethylation of aldehydes: An experimental and computational study
Tavares, Nélia C.T.,Neves, César T.,Milne, Bruce F.,Murtinho, Dina,Pais, Alberto A.C.C.,Serra, M. Elisa Silva
, p. 1 - 10 (2018/10/20)
A library of new chiral thiazolidines was prepared starting from L-cysteine and D-penicillamine in a simple, one-step procedure. 2-Arylthiazolidines were obtained, as diastereoisomeric mixtures, with good yields and in short reaction times, through a new and greener procedure, using microwave irradiation. Their use as chiral ligands in the enantioselective ethylation of aromatic aldehydes was studied and optimized, originating good to excellent conversions and ee up to 94% in 6 h. A series of heteroaromatic and aliphatic substrates were also enantioselectively ethylated with success, with ee up to 77%. The distinct opposite chirality in L-cysteine and D-penicillamine makes the use of these ligands an interesting approach for obtaining both the (S) and (R) enantiomers of the chiral alcohols, compounds with potential applications in the area of fine chemistry. NMR studies were carried out using a diastereoisomeric mixture of thiazolidines, allowing the identification of the most stable structure. Computational studies confirmed this result and also gave important insight into the species involved in the catalytic cycle of the enantioselective alkylation.
Discovery of a Potent Thiazolidine Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 Agonist with Favorable Pharmacokinetic Properties
Hansen, Anders H?jgaard,Sergeev, Eugenia,Bolognini, Daniele,Sprenger, Richard R.,Ekberg, Jeppe Hvidtfeldt,Ejsing, Christer S.,McKenzie, Christine J.,Rexen Ulven, Elisabeth,Milligan, Graeme,Ulven, Trond
, p. 9534 - 9550 (2018/10/24)
Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2/GPR43) is a receptor for short-chain fatty acids reported to be involved in regulation of metabolism, appetite, fat accumulation, and inflammatory responses and is a potential target for treatment of various inflammatory and metabolic diseases. By bioisosteric replacement of the central pyrrolidine core of a previously disclosed FFA2 agonist with a synthetically more tractable thiazolidine, we were able to rapidly synthesize and screen analogues modified at both the 2- and 3-positions on the thiazolidine core. Herein, we report SAR exploration of thiazolidine FFA2 agonists and the identification of 31 (TUG-1375), a compound with significantly increased potency (7-fold in a cAMP assay) and reduced lipophilicity (50-fold reduced clogP) relative to the pyrrolidine lead structure. The compound has high solubility, high chemical, microsomal, and hepatocyte stability, and favorable pharmacokinetic properties and was confirmed to induce human neutrophil mobilization and to inhibit lipolysis in murine adipocytes.
