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• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 1073-67-2 4-vinylbenzyl chloride 
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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Structural and Electronic Noninnocence of α-Diimine Ligands on Niobium for Reductive C-Cl Bond Activation and Catalytic Radical Addition Reactions

A d0 niobium(V) complex, NbCl3(α-diimine) (1a), supported by a dianionic redox-active N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (α-diimine) ligand (ene-diamido ligand) served as a catalyst for radical addition reactions of CCl4 to α-olefins and cyclic alkenes, selectively affording 1:1 radical addition products in a regioselective manner. During the catalytic reaction, the α-diimine ligand smoothly released and stored an electron to control the oxidation state of the niobium center by changing between an η4-(σ2,π) coordination mode with a folded MN2C2 metallacycle and a κ2-(N,N′) coordination mode with a planar MN2C2 metallacycle. Kinetic studies of the catalytic reaction elucidated the reaction order in the catalytic cycle: the radical addition reaction rate obeyed first-order kinetics that were dependent on the concentrations of the catalyst, styrene, and CCl4, while a saturation effect was observed at a high CCl4 concentration. In the presence of excess amounts of styrene, styrene coordinated in an η2-olefinic manner to the niobium center to decrease the reaction rate. No observation of oligomers or polymers of styrene and high stereoselectivity for the radical addition reaction of CCl4 to cyclopentene suggested that the C-C bond formation proceeded inside the coordination sphere of niobium, which was in good accordance with the negative entropy value of the radical addition reaction. Furthermore, reaction of 1a with (bromomethyl)cyclopropane confirmed that both the C-Br bond activation and formation proceeded on the α-diimine-coordinated niobium center during transformation of the cyclopropylmethyl radical to a homoallyl radical. With regard to the reaction mechanism, we detected and isolated NbCl4(α-diimine) (6a) as a transient one-electron oxidized species of 1a during reductive cleavage of the C-X bonds; in addition, the monoanionic α-diimine ligand of 6a adopted a monoanionic canonical form with selective one-electron oxidation of the dianionic ene-diamido form of the ligand in 1a.

Highly efficient heterogeneous aqueous Kharasch reaction with an amphiphilic resin-supported ruthenium catalyst

An amphiphilic polystyrene-polyethylene glycol (PS-PEG) resin-supported ruthenium complex was designed and prepared. The polymeric Ru complex was found to promote the transition metal-catalyzed atom transfer radical addition of halogenated compounds to olefins, the Kharasch reaction, in water under heterogeneous as well as AIBN-free conditions with a high level of atom economy to meet green chemical requirements.

Atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA) and cyclization (ATRC) reactions catalyzed by a mixture of [RuCl2Cp*(PPh3)] and magnesium

A new catalytic procedure for atom-transfer radical addition (ATRA) and cyclization (ATRC) reactions is described. The combination of the ruthenium(III) complex [RuCl2-Cp*(PPh3)] (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with magnesium allows these reactions to be performed under mild conditions with high efficiency. In most cases, the catalyst concentrations required are significantly lower than those used in previously reported procedures. It is suggested that magnesium acts as a reducing agent that generates and regenerates the catalytically active ruthenium(II) species. The precatalyst [RuCl2Cp*(PPh 3)] has been analyzed by X-ray crystallography.

REACTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTED STYRENES IN THE CATALYTIC ADDITION REACTION WITH THE TRICHLOROMETHYL RADICAL

Relative reactivities have been investigated in the catalytic addition of tetrachloromethane to substituted styrenes by the competitive method.The polar effects of substituents on benzene ring were correlated with Hammett equation for a copper and ruthenium catalyst, giving ρ values equal to -0.39 and -0.18 respectively.The results indicate that in contrast to classical additions the catalytic addition of tetrachloromethane is not a free radical chain process but that the trichloromethyl radical, presumably coordinated, reacts with the carbon-carbon double bond via in nersphere pathways.

Asymmetric Radical Reaction in the Coordination Sphere. III. Asymmetric Addition of Trichloromethanesulfonyl Chloride and Carbon Tetrachloride to Olefins Catalysed by a Ruthenium(II) Complex with Chiral Ligand

The asymmetric addition of trichloromethanesulfonyl chloride to styrene in the presence of a catalytic amount of ruthenium(II) complex with chiral ligands, Ru2Cl43 or Ru2Cl43, proceeds under mild conditions to give optically active 1:1 adducts, 1,1,1,3-tetrachloro-3-phenylpropane (2), with the extrusion of sulfur dioxide.When (-)-DIOP or (+)-DIOP was used as a chiral ligand of the ruthenium(II) complex, (R)-(+)-(2) or (S)-(-)-(2), was obtained with about 10percent enantiomeric excess, respectively.A reaction mechanism involving a radical redox transfer mechanism was proposed; the asymmetric induction was attributed to the restricted configuration of the radical intermediates confined in the coordination sphere of the ruthenium complex with chiral ligands.

ADDITION OF SULFONYL CHLORIDES TO OLEFINS IN THE PRESENCE OF CATALYTIC AMOUNTS OF DICHLOROTRIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RUTHENIUM(II)

Reactions of sulfonyl chlorides with olefins catalysed by dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) have been studied.Methanesulfonyl and arenesulfonyl chlorides added to 1-alkenes to give 1 : 1 adducts in high yields.Telomer formation is not observed, therefore the present reaction provides a general and convenient method for synthesis of β-chlorosulfones.A radical-chain mechanism is proposed for the reaction.