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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Pd-arylurea complexes for the Heck arylation of crotonic and cinnamic substrates

A catalyst consisting of the 1:2 complex of Pd(OAc)2 (1 mol %) with N-(4-carbethoxy)-phenylurea promotes the Heck arylation of a range of crotonic and cinnamic substrates, including aldehydes, ketones, esters, and nitriles, with electron-rich - but not electron-deficient - aryl iodides.

Selective reactivity of electron-rich aryl iodides in the Heck arylation of disubstituted alkenes catalyzed by palladium-arylurea complexes

A catalyst consisting of 1 mol % of the 1:2 complex of Pd(OAc)2 with N-(4-carbethoxyphenyl)urea promotes the Heck arylation of 2- or 3-substituted, conjugated esters, nitriles, aldehydes, and ketones (an uncharacteristically broad range of substrates), but only with electron-rich aryl iodides (an uncharacteristically narrow range of halides).

Pentadieneamides

Compounds of the formula STR1 Y is O ir S, *A is paraphenylene or *----(CH2)n----(X)m --(CH2)r ----, X is O, S or --CH=CH--, n or r, independently, are integers from 0 to 3, s is an integer from 0 to 1, m is an integer from 0 to 1, provided that when m is 1, n+s must be at least 2, R1 and R2, independently, are hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, lower alkenyl, Het, aryl, R3, R4 and R8, independently, are hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, R5 and R6, independently, are hydrogen or lower alkyl, R7 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, Het-lower alkyl or aryl, Het is a monocyclic 5- or 6-membered hetero aromatic or a bicyclic heteroaromatic radical containing one or two hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which radical may be substituted by lower alkyl, halogen or aryl, and the asterisk denotes the point of attachment, and when R6 and R7 are different, their enantiomers and racemic mixtures thereof, when R1 and R2 are different, their geometric isomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, are described. The compounds of formula I exhibit activity as platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists and are, therefore, useful in disease states characerized by excess platelet activating factor or for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, pulmonary diseases, immunological disorders, inflammatory diseases, dermatological disorders, shock or transplant rejection.

PREFERENTIAL FORMATION OF THE Z ISOMERS OF CINNAMALDEHYDES IN THE REARRANGEMENT OF ARYLETHYNYLCARBINOLS CATALYZED BY POLYVANADIOORGANOSILOXANES

During the rearrangement of secondary and tertiary aryl(ethynyl)carbinols, catalyzed by polyvanadioorganosiloxanes, the thermodynamically less favorable Z isomers of the cinnamaldehydes are formed preferentially.It was shown that zero order in the initial carbinol and pseudofirst order in the catalyst are observed in the rearrangement.The activation parameters of the reaction, which confirm that the rearrangement takes place through a highly polar cyclic transition state, were determined.The dependence of the reaction rate on the structure of the initial carbinol is discussed.The Z-stereoselectivity of the rearrangement is explained by the presence of steric effects, which show up at the stage of the conversion of the intermediate allenyl vanadate into cinnamaldehyde.