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Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Research and Development:
2-Bromotryptophan is utilized as a research compound for its potential therapeutic applications in treating various diseases. Its ability to inhibit IDO makes it a candidate for interventions in cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurological conditions.
Used in Antimicrobial and Antifungal Applications:
2-Bromotryptophan is also employed as an antimicrobial and antifungal agent, given its broad-spectrum activity against various pathogens. This makes it a valuable asset in the field of biomedical research for developing new treatments and preventive measures against infections.
Used in Biomedical Research:
In the context of biomedical research, 2-bromotryptophan serves as a versatile chemical for studying the role of IDO in immune responses and its implications in disease mechanisms. This research can lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and strategies for managing immune-related conditions.

Upstream product

• 89311-48-8 α-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-2-bromo-L-tryptophan methyl ester 
• 1604-49-5 methyl (2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(trifluoroacetamido)propanoate 
• 89311-48-8 3-(2-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-propionic acid methyl ester 
• 1604-49-5 3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-propionic acid methyl ester 
• 89311-50-2 3-(2-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-propionic acid 
• 89311-50-2 α-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-2-bromo-L-tryptophan 

Downstream Products

• 10590-73-5 3-methylindole-2-carboxylic acid 
• 110926-99-3 C₁₅H₁₂N₂O₃S 
• 32999-55-6 2-Amino-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

An Obligate Peptidyl Brominase Underlies the Discovery of Highly Distributed Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Marine Sponge Microbiomes

Marine sponges are prolific sources of bioactive natural products, several of which are produced by bacteria symbiotically associated with the sponge host. Bacteria-derived natural products, and the specialized bacterial symbionts that synthesize them, are not shared among phylogenetically distant sponge hosts. This is in contrast to nonsymbiotic culturable bacteria in which the conservation of natural products and natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) is well established. Here, we demonstrate the widespread conservation of a BGC encoding a cryptic ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) in microbiomes of phylogenetically and geographically dispersed sponges from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Detection of this BGC was enabled by mining for halogenating enzymes in sponge metagenomes, which, in turn, allowed for the description of a broad-spectrum regiospecific peptidyl tryptophan-6-brominase which possessed no chlorination activity. In addition, we demonstrate the cyclodehydrative installation of azoline heterocycles in proteusin RiPPs. This is the first demonstration of halogenation and cyclodehydration for proteusin RiPPs and the enzymes catalyzing these transformations were found to competently interact with other previously described proteusin substrate peptides. Within a sponge microbiome, many different generalized bacterial taxa harbored this BGC with often more than 50 copies of the BGC detected in individual sponge metagenomes. Moreover, the BGC was found in all sponges queried that possess high diversity microbiomes but it was not detected in other marine invertebrate microbiomes. These data shed light on conservation of cryptic natural product biosynthetic potential in marine sponges that was not detected by traditional natural product-to-BGC (meta)genome mining.

Mechanistic Studies on Tryptophan Lyase (NosL): Identification of Cyanide as a Reaction Product

Tryptophan lyase (NosL) catalyzes the formation of 3-methylindole-2-carboxylic acid and 3-methylindole from l-tryptophan. In this paper, we provide evidence supporting a formate radical intermediate and demonstrate that cyanide is a byproduct of the NosL-catalyzed reaction with l-tryptophan. These experiments require a major revision of the NosL mechanism and uncover an unanticipated connection between NosL and HydG, the radical SAM enzyme that forms cyanide and carbon monoxide from tyrosine during the biosynthesis of the metallo-cluster of the [Fe-Fe] hydrogenase.

Synthesis of 2-bromo-L-tryptophan and 2-chloro-L-tryptophan

Free-radical halogenation of protected L-tryptophan with N-bromosuccinimide or N-chlorosuccinimide leads to the corresponding 2-halo derivative in high yield; enzymatic removal of the blocking groups provides the new amino acid analogues.