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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

General and selective synthesis of primary amines using Ni-based homogeneous catalysts

The development of base metal catalysts for industrially relevant amination and hydrogenation reactions by applying abundant and atom economical reagents continues to be important for the cost-effective and sustainable synthesis of amines which represent highly essential chemicals. In particular, the synthesis of primary amines is of central importance because these compounds serve as key precursors and central intermediates to produce value-added fine and bulk chemicals as well as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Here we report a Ni-triphos complex as the first Ni-based homogeneous catalyst for both reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with ammonia and hydrogenation of nitroarenes to prepare all kinds of primary amines. Remarkably, this Ni-complex enabled the synthesis of functionalized and structurally diverse benzylic, heterocyclic and aliphatic linear and branched primary amines as well as aromatic primary amines starting from inexpensive and easily accessible carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) and nitroarenes using ammonia and molecular hydrogen. This Ni-catalyzed reductive amination methodology has been applied for the amination of more complex pharmaceuticals and steroid derivatives. Detailed DFT computations have been performed for the Ni-triphos based reductive amination reaction, and they revealed that the overall reaction has an inner-sphere mechanism with H2metathesis as the rate-determining step.

Facile synthesis of controllable graphene-co-shelled reusable Ni/NiO nanoparticles and their application in the synthesis of amines under mild conditions

The primary objective of many researchers in chemical synthesis is the development of recyclable and easily accessible catalysts. These catalysts should preferably be made from Earth-abundant metals and have the ability to be utilised in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important compounds. Amines are classified as privileged compounds, and are used extensively in the fine and bulk chemical industries, as well as in pharmaceutical and materials research. In many laboratories and in industry, transition metal catalysed reductive amination of carbonyl compounds is performed using predominantly ammonia and H2. However, these reactions usually require precious metal-based catalysts or RANEY nickel, and require harsh reaction conditions and yield low selectivity for the desired products. Herein, we describe a simple and environmentally friendly method for the preparation of thin graphene spheres that encapsulate uniform Ni/NiO nanoalloy catalysts (Ni/NiO?C) using nickel citrate as the precursor. The resulting catalysts are stable and reusable and were successfully used for the synthesis of primary, secondary, tertiary, and N-methylamines (more than 62 examples). The reaction couples easily accessible carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) with ammonia, amines, and H2 under very mild industrially viable and scalable conditions (80 °C and 1 MPa H2 pressure, 4 h), offering cost-effective access to numerous functionalized, structurally diverse linear and branched benzylic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic amines including drugs and steroid derivatives. We have also demonstrated the scale-up of the heterogeneous amination protocol to gram-scale synthesis. Furthermore, the catalyst can be immobilized on a magnetic stirring bar and be conveniently recycled up to five times without any significant loss of catalytic activity and selectivity for the product.

Method for preparing primary amine by catalyzing reductive amination of aldehyde ketone compounds

The invention discloses a method for preparing primary amine by catalyzing reductive amination of aldehyde ketone compounds. The method comprises the following steps: 1) mixing nickel nitrate hexahydrate, citric acid and an organic solvent, carrying out heating and stirring until a colloidal material is obtained, drying the colloidal material, roasting the colloidal material in a protective atmosphere, pickling, washing and drying a roasted product, and performing a partial oxidation reaction on a dried product in an oxygen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere to obtain a catalyst for a reductive amination reaction; and 2) mixing aldehyde or ketone compounds, a methanol solution of ammonia and the reductive amination reaction catalyst, introducing hydrogen, and carrying out a reductive amination reaction. The method has the advantages of high primary amine yield, high selectivity, wide aldehyde ketone substrate range, short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, low cost, greenness, economicalperformance and the like; the used reductive amination reaction catalyst can be recycled more than 10 times, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst is not obviously changed in gram-level reactions; and the method is suitable for large-scale application.

Green and convenient protocols for the efficient reduction of nitriles and nitro compounds to corresponding amines with NaBH4 in water catalyzed by magnetically retrievable CuFe2O4 nanoparticles

Abstract: In this study, firstly, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by a simple operation. The structure of the mentioned nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, vibrating sample magnetometer and also Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda analyses. The prepared magnetically copper ferrite nanocomposite was successfully applied as a simple, cost-effective, practicable, and recoverable catalyst on the green, highly efficient, fast, base-free, and ligand-free reduction of nitriles and also on the affordable and eco-friendly reduction of nitro compounds with the broad substrate scope to the corresponding amines with NaBH4 in water at reflux in high to excellent yields. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Nano-Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H: A magnetic, reusable solid-acid catalyst for solvent-free reduction of oximes to amines with the NaBH3CN/ZrCl4 system

In this study, the immobilization of sulfonic acid on silica-layered magnetite was carried out by the reaction of ClSO3H with silica-layered magnetite. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The sulfonated nanocomposite exhibited excellent catalytic activity and reusability in the reduction of various aldoximes and ketoximes with NaBH3CN in the presence of ZrCl4. All reactions were carried out under solvent-free conditions (r.t. or 75–80°C) within 3–70 min to afford amines in high to excellent yields.

MOF-derived cobalt nanoparticles catalyze a general synthesis of amines

The development of base metal catalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds remains an important goal of chemical research. Here, we report that cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated by a graphitic shell are broadly effective reductive amination catalysts. Their convenient and practical preparation entailed template assembly of cobaltdiamine- dicarboxylic acid metal organic frameworks on carbon and subsequent pyrolysis under inert atmosphere.The resulting stable and reusable catalysts were active for synthesis of primary, secondary, tertiary, and N-methylamines (more than 140 examples).The reaction couples easily accessible carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) with ammonia, amines, or nitro compounds, and molecular hydrogen under industrially viable and scalable conditions, offering cost-effective access to numerous amines, amino acid derivatives, and more complex drug targets.

The efficient solvent-free reduction of oximes to amines with NaBH3CN catalyzed by ZrCl4/nano Fe3O4 system

Reduction of various aldoximes and ketoximes to the corresponding amines was carried out easily and efficiently with NaBH3CN in the presence of ZrCl4/nano Fe3O4 system. The reactions were carried out under solvent-free conditions at room temperature or 75-80°C to afford amines in high to excellent yields.