927896-66-0Relevant articles and documents
Influence of solubilizing group removal rate on the morphology and crystallinity of a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based compound
Salammal, Shabi Thankaraj,Balandier, Jean-Yves,Kumar, Saroj,Goormaghtigh, Erik,Geerts, Yves Henri
, p. 339 - 349 (2014/01/17)
Thermally cleavable solubilizing groups have been introduced on a π-conjugated core, which can be cleaved and volatilized via heat treatment directly after the thin film fabrication. The X-ray and atomic force microscopic investigations of 3,6-di(2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4-(2H,5H)-dione (DPP-4T) synthesized from its precursor (di-tert-butyl-3,6-di(2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)-1,4-dioxopyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-2,5-(1H,4H)-dicarboxylate) through thermal conversion reveals that the solubilizing group removal rate plays a crucial role on the ultimate grain size and crystallinity of the final compound (DPP-4T). This means that, when the heating rate is decreased from 50 to 0.1 °C/min, the crystallinity of DPP-4T powder decreases from 49% to 34%, and the grain size of DPP-4T film reduces from 976 to 344 nm. The crystallite size of the films can be further reduced to 185 nm by decarboxylating the films isothermally at 120 °C. The Fourier transform infrared spectra reveals that the reduction of crystallinity with the heating rate could be attributed to the trapping of gaseous byproducts inside the lattice, during the decarboxylation of the solubilizing group. The increment in intermolecular N-H···O=C hydrogen bond length together with the trapped gaseous byproducts results in a blue shift in the UV-vis absorption spectra while decreasing the heating rate as well as the isothermal decarboxylation temperature.
PYRROLOPYRROLE DERIVATIVES, THEIR MANUFACTURE AND USE
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Page/Page column 55, (2009/05/30)
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and their use as organic semiconductor in organic devices, like diodes, organic field effect transistors and/or a solar cells. The compounds of the formula I have excellent solubility in organic solvents. High efficiency of energy conversion, excellent field-effect mobility, good on/off current ratios and/or excellent stability can be observed, when said compounds are used in semiconductor devices or organic photovoltaic (PV) devices (solar cells).