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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis of secondary amides by direct amidation using polymer supported copper(II) complex

A new polymer supported Cu(II) complex has been synthesized and characterized by CHN analyses, IR and UV–Vis spectral studies, ESR and thermogravimetric analyses, ICP-OES, surface area measurements. This complex was screened for their catalytic study towards the direct amidation reaction. The effects of solvents, reaction time, temperature and catalyst amount for the direct formation of amides from aldehydes and benzylamine with the aid of heterogeneous copper complex were reported. The polymer supported Cu(II) catalyst could be reused more than five times without appreciable loss of its initial activity. The plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed. The catalytic activity of the unsupported complex was also compared with the polymer supported Cu(II) complex.

Carboxyl activation via silylthioesterification: One-pot, two-step amidation of carboxylic acids catalyzed by non-metal ammonium salts

The first organo-catalyzed silylthioesterification of a carboxylic acid and a commercially available mercaptoorganosilane results in the in situ production of an O-silylthionoester. Subsequent amine addition forms amides in an operationally simple one-pot procedure without removal of water. The scope and efficiency of these reactions with respect to the catalyst, carboxylic acid, amine, [Si-S] moiety, and solvent are investigated. A number of functionalities are tolerated in the two-step amidation including alkene, alkyne, alkyl and aryl halides, benzylic ethers, and heterocycles with free coordinating sites.

Direct synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and amines using B(OCH2CF3)3

B(OCH2CF3)3, prepared from readily available B2O3 and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, is as an effective reagent for the direct amidation of a variety of carboxylic acids with a broad range of amines. In most cases, the amide products can be purified by a simple filtration procedure using commercially available resins, with no need for aqueous workup or chromatography. The amidation of N-protected amino acids with both primary and secondary amines proceeds effectively, with very low levels of racemization. B(OCH2CF3)3 can also be used for the formylation of a range of amines in good to excellent yield, via transamidation of dimethylformamide.

Direct amide coupling of non-activated carboxylic acids and amines catalysed by zirconium(IV) chloride

Amidst the green: A green, mild and effective protocol for the direct formation of secondary and tertiary amides from non-activated carboxylic acids and amines in good to excellent yields by employing ZrCl4 as the catalyst is presented (see scheme). The amide coupling protocol proved to be suitable for scaled up syntheses, and the mild reaction conditions conserve the enantiopurity of chiral starting materials. Copyright

Titanium(IV) isopropoxide as an efficient catalyst for direct amidation of nonactivated carboxylic acids

Secondary and tertiary amides are formed in high yields, in an efficient and environmentally benign titanium(IV) isopropoxide catalyzed direct amidation of carboxylic acids with primary and secondary amines. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ? New York.