94374-53-5Relevant articles and documents
Palladium-diphosphine complexes as catalysts for allylations with allyl alcohol
Van Rijn, Jimmy A.,Dunnen, Angela Den,Bouwman, Elisabeth,Drent, Eite
experimental part, p. 96 - 102 (2010/11/18)
Several palladium complexes with bidentate phosphine ligands were tested for their activity in the O-allylation of phenols with allyl alcohol. The use of C3-bridged bidentate phosphine ligands results in very high selectivity for O-allylation. The reactions do not require stoichiometric amounts of additives to control the chemoselectivity. Especially, catalysts with gem-dialkyl substituted C3-bridged bidentate phosphine ligands perform very well, resulting in a (equilibrium) conversion of ～50% of phenol with a selectivity of 99% for O-allylation. The use of diallyl ether as the allylating agent results in a significant increase in phenol conversion while maintaining high selectivity for O-allylation. Apart from Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst precursor, Pd(dba)2 was also employed, making it possible to use other types of phosphine or phosphite ligands. With the palladium catalytic system not only phenol, but also aliphatic alcohols can be allylated, as well as aromatic and aliphatic amines.
Immobilization of ruthenium catalysts for allylations with allyl alcohol
Van Rijn, Jimmy A.,Bouwman, Elisabeth,Drent, Eite
experimental part, p. 26 - 34 (2010/12/20)
[RuCp(PP)]+ complexes active for allylation of alcohols with allyl alcohol as the allylating agent were immobilized on solid supports. Two different immobilization methods have been applied: (1) via electrostatic interactions of the cationic complex on ion-exchange resins, where the anion is present on the support and (2) via a coordination bond with a ligand covalently-bound on the support. Both methods give high yields of immobilized complex through relatively simple procedures. The catalysts immobilized via ionic interactions prove to be able to allylate both 1-octanol and 4-tert-butylphenol with very low leaching of the catalyst, thus forming allyl octyl ether and C-allylated phenol, respectively. The accumulation of water in the highly hydrophilic resin precludes the O-allylation of phenol and also retards the C-allylation reaction. The catalysts immobilized via a coordination bond are not hydrophilic; with these catalysts selective O-allylation of phenols is achieved, with recycling of the catalysts over multiple runs. Leaching of the catalyst from the support is somewhat higher than for the electrostatically-bound catalyst and quarternisation (allylation) of the excess of phosphine groups present on the support plays an important role in the activity of the immobilized catalysts for the allylation reaction.
A new one-pot synthetic approach to the highly functionalized (Z)-2-(buta-1,3-dienyl)phenols and 2-methyl-2H-chromenes: Use of amine, ruthenium and base-catalysis
Ramachary, Dhevalapally B.,Narayana, Vidadala V.,Ramakumar, Kinthada
supporting information; experimental part, p. 3907 - 3911 (2009/04/07)
A practical and simple one-pot multi-catalysis process for the synthesis of highly substituted benzo[b]oxepines 5, (Z)-2-(buta-1,3-dienyl)phenols 6 and 2-methyl-2H-chromenes 7 from simple starting materials was achieved for the first time through ring-closing metathesis/base-induced ring opening/[1,7]-sigmatropic hydrogen shift reactions. The synthesis of privileged (Z)-2-(buta-1,3-dienyl)phenols 6 via base-induced ring opening of highly functionalized benzo[b]oxepines 5 is described. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
