94777-52-3Relevant articles and documents
Carboxamide carbonyl-ruthenium(ii) complexes: detailed structural and mechanistic studies in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones
Kumah, Robert T.,Ojwach, Stephen O.,Vijayan, Paranthaman
, p. 3146 - 3155 (2022/02/21)
Reactions of N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (HL1) and N-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (HL2) ligands with Ru(PPh3)3ClH(CO) and Ru(PPh3)3(CO)2H2 precursors afforded the respective organo-carboxamide ruthenium(ii) complexes [Ru(II)(CO)Cl(PPh3)2L1] (Ru1), [Ru(II)(CO)H(PPh3)2L1] (Ru2), [Ru(II)(CO)Cl(PPh3)2L2] (Ru3), and [Ru(II)(CO)H(PPh3)2L2] (Ru4). The Ru(ii) complexes were characterised by NMR, FT-IR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, micro-analyses, and single X-ray crystallography. The solid-state structures of complexes Ru1, Ru2, and Ru4 confirm distorted octahedral geometries around the Ru(ii) atoms, containing one bidentate anionic carboxamidate ligand and four auxiliary ligands (PPh3/CO/H/Cl). All the complexes (Ru1-Ru4) displayed moderate catalytic activities in the transfer hydrogenation of a broad spectrum of ketones, giving a maximum turnover number (TON) of 990 within 6 h. The catalytic activities of the Ru(ii) complexes were dependent on both the carboxamidate and auxiliary ligands. 31P{1H) NMR spectroscopy studies aided in proposing a monohydride pathway for the transfer hydrogenation reaction of ketones.
Nickel-Catalyzed Formal Aminocarbonylation of Secondary Benzyl Chlorides with Isocyanides
Wang, Yun,Huang, Wenyi,Wang, Chenglong,Qu, Jingping,Chen, Yifeng
supporting information, p. 4245 - 4249 (2020/06/27)
Phenylacetamides represent versatile feedstocks in synthetic chemistry, widely existing in drug molecules and natural products. Herein, we disclose a nickel-catalyzed formal aminocarbonylation of secondary benzyl chlorides with isocyanides yielding α-substituted phenylacetamide with steric hindrance, which is synthetically challenging via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation. The reaction features wide functional group tolerance under mild conditions, highlighted by the tolerance of various aromatic halide (-Cl, -Br, -I) and heteroaromatic rings (pyridine and pyrazine).
Dearomatization and Functionalization of Terpyridine Ligands Leading to Unprecedented Zwitterionic Meisenheimer Aluminum Complexes and Their Use in Catalytic Hydroboration
Zhang, Guoqi,Wu, Jing,Zeng, Haisu,Neary, Michelle C.,Devany, Matthew,Zheng, Shengping,Dub, Pavel A.
, p. 874 - 884 (2019/01/14)
This paper reports the first example of dearomatization of ubiquitous terpyridine (tpy) ligands via 2′/6′-, 3′/5′-, or 4′-selective alkylation of the central pyridine ring. The reaction is mediated by the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, aluminum (Al), and depending on the conditions employed, exhibits ionic or radical character as suggested by experimental and computational analysis. In the latter case, intermediate formation of an AlIII complex supported by π-radical monoanionic ligand (tpy?)1- is apparent. The 3′/5′-alkylation leads to unprecedented zwitterionic Meisenheimer AlIII complexes, which were identified as efficient precatalysts for the selective hydroboration of C=O and C-C functionalities. Turnover numbers (TONs) up to ～1000 place the corresponding complexes in the category of the most efficient Al catalysts reported to date for the title reaction. The acquired data suggest that aluminum monohydrides, or more likely dihydrides, could be relevant catalytic species. Alternatively, one can also imagine a mechanistic scenario in which the dearomatized "chemically noninnocent" ligand acts as hydride donor, and a detailed investigation of this is warranted in the future.
Copper(II)-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Ketones and Aldehydes
Zeng, Haisu,Wu, Jing,Li, Sihan,Hui, Christina,Ta, Anita,Cheng, Shu-Yuan,Zheng, Shengping,Zhang, Guoqi
, p. 401 - 406 (2019/01/23)
A novel nonanuclear copper(II) complex obtained by a facile one-pot self-assembly was found to catalyze the hydroboration of ketones and aldehydes with the absence of an activator under mild, solvent-free conditions. The catalyst is air- and moisture-stable, displaying high efficiency (1980 h-1 turnover frequency, TOF) and chemoselectivity on aldehydes over ketones and ketones over imines. This represents a rare example of divalent copper catalyst for the hydroboration of carbonyls.
Structural, kinetics and mechanistic studies of transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by chiral (pyridyl)imine nickel(ii) complexes
Kumah, Robert T.,Tsaulwayo, Nokwanda,Xulu, Bheki A.,Ojwach, Stephen O.
supporting information, p. 13630 - 13640 (2019/09/30)
The chiral synthons (S-)-1-phenyl-N-(pyridine-2-yl)ethylidine)ethanamine (L1), (R-)-1phenyl-N-(pyridine-2-yl)ethylidine))ethanamine (L2) (S)-1-phenyl-N-(pyridine-2-yl methylene) ethanamine (L3), and (R)-1-phenyl-N-(pyridine-2-yl methylene) ethanamine (L4) were synthesized in good yields. Treatments of L1-L4 with NiBr2(DME) and NiCl2 precursor afforded dinuclear complexes [Ni2(L1)4-μ-Br2]NiBr4 (Ni1), [Ni2(L2)4-μ-Br2]NiBr4 (Ni2), [Ni2(L3)4-μBr2]Br2 (Ni3), [Ni2(L4)4-μ-Br2]NiBr4 (Ni4) and [Ni(L4)2Cl2] (Ni5). The identities of the compounds were established using NMR, FT-IR and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, magnetic moments, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The dinuclear dibromide nickel complexes dissociate into mononuclear species in the presence of strongly coordinating solvents. Compounds Ni1-Ni5 displayed moderate catalytic activities in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones, but with low enantiomeric excess (ee%). Both mercury and substoichiometric poisoning tests pointed to the homogeneous nature of the active species with the partial formation of catalytically active Ni(0) nanoparticles. Low resolution mass spectrometry analyses of the intermediates supported a dihydride mechanistic pathway for the transfer of hydrogenation reactions.
Asymmetric Hydroboration of Heteroaryl Ketones by Aluminum Catalysis
Lebedev, Yury,Polishchuk, Iuliia,Maity, Bholanath,Dinis Veloso Guerreiro, Miguel,Cavallo, Luigi,Rueping, Magnus
supporting information, p. 19415 - 19423 (2019/12/24)
A series of methyl aluminum complexes bearing chiral biphenol-type ligands were found to be highly active catalysts in the asymmetric reduction of heterocyclic ketones (S/C = 100-500, ee up to 99%). The protocol is suitable for a wide range of substrates and has a high tolerance to functional groups. The formed 2-heterocyclic-alcohols are valuable building blocks in drug discovery or can be used as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Isolation and comprehensive characterization of the reaction intermediates support a catalysis cycle proposed by DFT calculations.
Chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes, ketones and aldehydes using acylthiourea based Ru(II)(p-cymene) complexes as precatalysts
Sathishkumar, Pushpanathan N.,Raveendran, Neethi,Bhuvanesh, Nattamai S.P.,Karvembu, Ramasamy
, p. 57 - 65 (2018/10/05)
A new series of Ru(II)(η6-p-cymene) complexes (1–5) was synthesized from pyridine based acylthiourea ligands (L1-L5) and [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2]2. All the ligands and complexes were well characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR, mass and 1H & 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structures of the ligands (L1, L2, L4 and L5) and complex 1 were confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The Ru(II)(η6-p-cymene) complexes (1–5) were proved to be efficient precatalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds and nitroarenes in the presence of 2-propanol as a hydrogen donor and KOH as a base. The catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions were chemoselective towards the nitro group in presence of carbonyl group, which is a rare scenario in homogeneous catalysis. The catalyst was compatible with broad range of substrates which include furfural, quinone and many heterocycles. The catalytic reactions exhibited very high conversions (upto 100%) and excellent yields (upto 99%). Turn Over Number (TON) was found upto 990.
Extreme halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase mediated highly efficient syntheses of enantiopure aromatic alcohols
Alsafadi, Diya,Alsalman, Safaa,Paradisi, Francesca
, p. 9169 - 9175 (2017/11/15)
Enzymatic synthesis of enantiopure aromatic secondary alcohols (including substituted, hetero-aromatic and bicyclic structures) was carried out using halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2 from Haloferax volcanii (HvADH2). This enzyme showed an unprecedented substrate scope and absolute enatioselectivity. The cofactor NADPH was used catalytically and regenerated in situ by the biocatalyst, in the presence of 5% ethanol. The efficiency of HvADH2 for the conversion of aromatic ketones was markedly influenced by the steric and electronic factors as well as the solubility of ketones in the reaction medium. Furthermore, carbonyl stretching band frequencies ν (CO) have been measured for different ketones to understand the effect of electron withdrawing or donating properties of the ketone substituents on the reaction rate catalyzed by HvADH2. Good correlation was observed between ν (CO) of methyl aryl-ketones and the reaction rate catalyzed by HvADH2. The enzyme catalyzed the reductions of ketone substrates on the preparative scale, demonstrating that HvADH2 would be a valuable biocatalyst for the preparation of chiral aromatic alcohols of pharmaceutical interest.
A monolith immobilised iridium Cp catalyst for hydrogen transfer reactions under flow conditions
Rojo, Maria Victoria,Guetzoyan, Lucie,Baxendale, Ian. R.
, p. 1768 - 1777 (2015/02/19)
An immobilised iridium hydrogen transfer catalyst has been developed for use in flow based processing by incorporation of a ligand into a porous polymeric monolithic flow reactor. The monolithic construct has been used for several redox reductions demonstrating excellent recyclability, good turnover numbers and high chemical stability giving negligible metal leaching over extended periods of use.
Purification and characterization of an NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Candida maris for the synthesis of optically active 1-(pyridyl)ethanol derivatives
Kawano, Shigeru,Yano, Miho,Hasegawa, Junzo,Yasohara, Yoshihiko
experimental part, p. 1055 - 1060 (2012/02/03)
A novel (R)-specific alcohol dehydrogenase (AFPDH) produced by Candida maris IFO10003 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Toyopearl, and Phenyl-Toyopearl, and characterized. The relative molecular mass of the native enzyme was found to be 59,900 by gel filtration, and that of the subunit was estimated to be 28,900 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that the enzyme is a homodimer. It required NADH as a cofactor and reduced various kinds of carbonyl compounds, including ketones and aldehydes. AFPDH reduced acetylpyridine derivatives, β-keto esters, and some ketone compounds with high enantioselectivity. This is the first report of an NADH-dependent, highly enantioselective (R)-specific alcohol dehydrogenase isolated from a yeast. AFPDH is a very useful enzyme for the preparation of various kinds of chiral alcohols.
