959262-45-4

Upstream product

• 534-22-5 2-methylfuran 
• 59212-78-1 2-((furan-2-yl)(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl)-5-methylfuran 
• 100971-87-7 5,5′-(butane-1,1-diyl)bis(2-methylfuran) 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Molybdenum Oxide-Modified Iridium Catalysts for Selective Production of Renewable Oils for Jet and Diesel Fuels and Lubricants

Supported inverse metal-metal oxide catalysts have received significant research interest owing to their effective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) activity toward biomass substrates, but the high cost of the reported catalysts poses a challenge for commercialization. We present the synthesis of a series of metal-metal oxide catalysts, Ir-MOx/SiO2 (M = Re, Mo, W, V, or Nb) and M′-MoOx/SiO2 (M = Rh, Ru, Pt, or Pd) and their HDO performance on multifuran (high carbon) substrates to produce renewable jet and diesel fuels and lubricant base oils. A MoOx-modified Ir/SiO2 catalyst with a Mo/Ir ratio of 0.13 (Ir-MoOx/SiO2) exhibits the highest product yield (78-96%) under mild reaction conditions. Controlled experiments using probe substrates reveal that furan ring hydrogenation and C-O hydrogenolysis of saturated and unsaturated furan rings occur in a sequential manner. The carbon atom adjacent to the furan or saturated furan ring of substrates or intermediate compounds undergoes slow C-C bond scission, resulting in a small fraction of lighter alkanes. Catalyst characterization suggests that Ir is reduced to a fully metallic state to dissociate hydrogen for hydrogenation. Intact MoOx, partly covering the Ir metal surface, promotes ring opening, hydrogenolysis of etheric and alcoholic C-O bonds, and hydrogenation of Ca? O bonds. This study highlights the potential of low-cost metal-metal oxide catalysts with low loading of oxophilic metals to enable cost-competitive production of bioproducts and demonstrates applicability of these catalysts on other substrates, including fatty acids, fatty esters, and lipids.

Hydrodeoxygenation of Furylmethane Oxygenates to Jet and Diesel Range Fuels: Probing the Reaction Network with Supported Palladium Catalyst and Hafnium Triflate Promoter

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of furylmethane oxygenates to high carbon branched chain jet and diesel fuel range alkanes under mild reaction conditions is a promising strategy for energy-efficient production of fuels with minimal C-C cracking to undesired products. Here, we report that a strong Lewis acidic promoter can overcome the energy barrier for furylmethane hydrodeoxygenation at lower temperature. Furan rings of furylmethanes are first hydrogenated to fully saturated cyclic ethers by a hydrogenation catalyst, which then undergo facile ring opening and deoxygenation by the promoter. A cyclic intermediate between ethereal O and the Lewis acidic metal center, assisted by the triflate ligand of the promoter, is formed in the ring-opening step. Probing the reaction pathway with symmetric single furan ring surrogate molecules suggests that the promoter is necessary for the ring opening. Deoxygenation of ring-opened oxygenates takes place more quickly for single furan ring surrogates than for the multiple furan ring furylmethanes. A maximum 97% jet fuel range alkanes with 93% selectivity in C15H32 and C14H30 is achieved from C15-furylmethane under optimal conditions. The yield and selectivity of alkanes with desired carbon numbers can be tuned using furylmethanes with tailored carbon chains, furan numbers, and a carbon center that minimizes C-C cracking. (Chemical Equation Presented).

PRODUCTION OF LIQUID FUELS (SYLVAN-LIQUID-FUELS) FROM 2-METHYLFURAN

The present invention describes a procedure for the production of liquid fuel having a content high in alkanes and low in oxygenated compounds, comprising as a minimum: —a first step of alkylation of 2-methylfuran (commonly denominated Sylvan) with a furan alcohol 2 having the formula: (2), wherein R1 is H or an aliphatic or aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety, R2 is H or an aliphatic or aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety, and R3 is H, hydroxymethyl or an aliphatic or aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety, in the presence of a catalyst, —a second step of hydrogenation and dehydration of the compound obtained in step 1 in the presence of hydrogen, utilising suitable hydrogenation and dehydration catalysts.

Production of high-quality diesel from biomass waste products

(Chemical Equation Presented) High-quality liquid fuels are obtained from non-edible carbohydrates by energy-efficient processes. 2-Methylfuran, produced by hydrogenation of furfural, is converted into 6-alkyl undecanes in a catalytic solvent-free process (see scheme with 6-butylundecane). A diesel fuel is produced with an excellent motor cetane number (71) and pour point (-90°C) and with global process conversions and selectivities close to 90%.