96520-39-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Excitatory amino acid receptor ligands. Synthesis and biological activity of 3-isoxazolol amino acids structurally related to homoibotenic acid
Christensen,Ebert,Madsen,Nielsen,Brehm,Krogsgaard-Larsen
, p. 3512 - 3519 (2007/10/02)
The 3-isoxazolol amino acid (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4- yl)propionic acid (AMPA, 2) and the isomeric compound (RS)-2-amino-3-(3- hydroxy-4-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propionic acid (4-methylhomoibotenic acid, 4a) are potent agonists at the AMPA subtype of central excitatory amino acid receptors. Using 4a as a lead structure, the amino acids 4c-e, in which the 4-methyl group of 4a is replaced by substituents of different size and polarity, were synthesized. Attempts to synthesize 4- (bromomethyl)homoibotenic acid (4f), a potential receptor alkylating agent, were unsuccessful. 4-Butylhomoibotenic acid (4c) and 4-(2- hydroxyethyl)homoibotenic acid (4e) were equipotent as inhibitors of [3H]AMPA binding (IC50 = 2 μM) and showed similar excitatory activity in the rat cortical slice preparation. 4d did not show significant affinity for AMPA receptor sites, but turned out to be a weak N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist. However, like 4c,e, 4d did not significantly affect the binding of the competitive NMDA antagonist, [3H]CPP, or the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, [3H]MK-801. None of the amino acids 4c-e showed detectable affinity for [3H]kainic acid binding sites. Like the parent compound 4a (IC50 = 0.18 μM), 4c (IC50 = 0.18 μM), 4e (IC50 = 0.14 μM), and in particular 4d (IC50 = 0.02 μM) were effective inhibitors of calcium chloride-dependent [3H]glutamic acid binding, whereas AMPA is inactive (IC50 > 100 μM) in this binding assay. Thus, 4d is an effective and highly selective inhibitor of calcium chloride-dependent [3H]glutamic acid binding and may be a useful tool for studies of the physiological relevance and pharmacological importance of this binding affinity.
Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyisoxazoles from β-Ketoesters and Hydroxylamine
Sato, Kazuo,Sugai, Soji,Tomita, Kazuo
, p. 1831 - 1838 (2007/10/02)
An efficient synthesis of 3-hydroxyisoxazoles from β-ketoesters and hydroxylamine was investigated.The reaction of the sodium salts of β-ketoesters and hydroxylamine at a low temperature, followed by quenching with an excess of conc.HCl under heating gave predominantly 3-hydroxyisoxazoles involving 4-sulfenylated 3-hydroxyisoxazoles.Starting from the prepared 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole, a potential herbicidal compound, 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole, was also synthesized in five steps.
