97094-38-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
The Impact of Antiaromatic Subunits in [4 n +2] π-Systems: Bispentalenes with [4 n +2] π-Electron Perimeters and Antiaromatic Character
Cao, Jing,London, Gábor,Dumele, Oliver,Von Wantoch Rekowski, Margarete,Trapp, Nils,Ruhlmann, Laurent,Boudon, Corinne,Stanger, Amnon,Diederich, Fran?ois
, p. 7178 - 7188 (2015)
Three series of stable, neutral, π-extended bispentalene derivatives, with two pentalenes fused to a central benzene or naphthalene moiety, have been prepared through a modified double carbopalladation cascade reaction. While these chromophores feature skeletons with [4n+2] π-electron perimeters, the two 8 π-electron pentalene subunits strongly influence bonding and spectral properties. 1H NMR spectra showed large upfield shifts of the protons in the pentalene moieties, comparable to antiaromatic monobenzopentalenes. Further investigations on magnetic ring currents through NICS-XY-scans suggest a global paratropic current and a local diatropic current at the central benzene ring in two of the series, while the third series, with a central naphthalene ring, showed more localized ring currents, with stronger paratropic ring currents on the pentalene moieties. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed planar bispentalene cores with large double- and single-bond alternation in the pentalene units, characteristic for antiaromaticity, and small alternation in the central aromatic rings. In agreement with TD-DFT calculations, both optical and electrochemical data showed much smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gaps compared to other neutral, acene-like hydrocarbons with the same number of fused rings. Both experimental and computational results suggest that the molecular properties of the presented bispentalenes are dominated by the antiaromatic pentalene-subunits despite the [4n+2] π-electron perimeter of the skeletons. (Chemical Equation Presented).
Lanthanide-Catalyst-Mediated Tandem Double Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation/Cyclization of Dialkynyl Dialcohols: Scope and Mechanism
Seo, Sungyong,Marks, Tobin J.
scheme or table, p. 5148 - 5162 (2010/08/05)
Lanthanide-organic complexes of the general type [Ln{N-(SiMe 3)2}3] (Ln = La, Sm, Y, Lu) serve as effective precatalysts for the rapid, exo-selective, and highly regioselective tandem double intramolecular hydroalkoxylation/cyclization of primary and secondary dialkynyl dialcohols to yield the corresponding bi-exocyclic enol ethers. Conversions are highly selective with products distinctly different from those generally produced by conventional transition metal or other catalysts, and the turnover frequencies with some substrates are too large to determine accurately. The rates of terminal alkynl alcohol hydroalkoxylation/cyclization are significantly more rapid than those of internal alkynyl alcohols, arguing that steric demands dominate the cyclization transition state. The hydroalkoxylation/cyclizations of internal dialkynyl dialcohols afford excellent E selectivity. The rate law for dialkynyl dialcohol hydroalkoxylation/ cyclization is first-order in [catalyst] and zero-order in [alkynyl alcohol], as is observed for the organolanthanide-catalyzed hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes, aminoalkynes, and aminoallenes, and the intramolecular single-step hydroalkoxylation/cyclization of alkynyl alcohols. An ROH/ROD kinetic isotope effect of 0.82(0.02) is observed for the tandem double hydroalkoxylation/ cyclization. These mechanistic data implicate turnover-limiting insertion of C-C unsaturation into the Ln-O bond, involving a highly organized transition state, with subsequent, rapid Ln-C protonolysis.
