99985-06-5

Upstream product

• 503-87-7 2-thiohydantoin 
• 121-33-5 vanillin 
• 32085-04-4 3-acetyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one 
• 584-26-9 1-acetyl-2-thiohydantoin 

Downstream Products

• 1112978-37-6 (5Z)-2-ethylsulfanyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Structure-Activity Relationship in the Leucettine Family of Kinase Inhibitors

The protein kinase DYRK1A is involved in Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, diabetes, viral infections, and leukemia. Leucettines, a family of 2-aminoimidazolin-4-ones derived from the marine sponge alkaloid Leucettamine B, have been developed as pharmacological inhibitors of DYRKs (dual specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinases) and CLKs (cdc2-like kinases). We report here on the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 68 Leucettines. Leucettines were tested on 11 purified kinases and in 5 cellular assays: (1) CLK1 pre-mRNA splicing, (2) Threonine-212-Tau phosphorylation, (3) glutamate-induced cell death, (4) autophagy and (5) antagonism of ligand-activated cannabinoid receptor CB1. The Leucettine SAR observed for DYRK1A is essentially identical for CLK1, CLK4, DYRK1B, and DYRK2. DYRK3 and CLK3 are less sensitive to Leucettines. In contrast, the cellular SAR highlights correlations between inhibition of specific kinase targets and some but not all cellular effects. Leucettines deserve further development as potential therapeutics against various diseases on the basis of their molecular targets and cellular effects.

New compounds having skin whitening, antioxidant and PPAR activity, and medical use thereof

PURPOSE: A novel compound with skin whitening, antioxidation, and PPAR activation effects, and a medical use thereof are provided to be used for a pharmaceutical composition or a cosmetic product. CONSTITUTION: A compound is denoted by chemical formula 1. A skin whitening composition contains the compound as an active ingredient. An antioxidative composition for preventing or treating oxidative diseases contains the compound of chemical formula 1 as an active ingredient. The oxidative diseases are selected among skin aging, pigmentation, wrinkling, psoriasis, or eczema. The composition prevents or treats diseases which are regulated by PPAR(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) activity. The PPAR includes PPAR alpha or PPAR gamma.

NOVEL COMPOUND HAVING SKIN-WHITENING, ANTI-OXIDIZING AND PPAR ACTIVITIES AND MEDICAL USE THEREFOR

Provided are a novel compound having skin-whitening, anti-oxidizing and PPAR activities and a medical use thereof, and the compound has skin-whitening activities for the suppression of tyrosinase, and accordingly, is useful for use in skin-whitening pharmaceutical composition or cosmetic products; has anti-oxidant activities, and accordingly, is useful for the prevention and treatment of skin-aging; and has PPAR activities, and in particular, PPARα and PPARγ activities, and accordingly, is useful for use in pharmaceutical compositions or health foods which are effective for the prevention and treatment of obesity, metabolic disease, or cardiovascular disease.

Benzylidene-linked thiohydantoin derivatives as inhibitors of tyrosinase and melanogenesis: Importance of the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl functionality

Based on the structural characteristics of the heterocyclic scaffolds of substituted benzylidene-hydantoin, -pyrrolidinedione, and -thiazolidinedione derivatives with potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity, substituted benzylidene derivatives with a 2-thio

Benzylidene 2-aminoimidazolones derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anti-tumor carcinoma activity

A series of benzylidene 2-aminoimidazolones derivatives were synthesized. Most compounds displayed strong inhibitory activity on the proliferation of human HepG2 cells in vitro. The active compounds were further evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against five human cancer cell lines in vitro. Compound 2b exhibited the strongest antitumor activities with IC50 values ranging from 12.87-17.10 μM which were nearly 1-3.5 fold less than that of 5-FU (IC50=18.39-56.12 μM) in vitro. Furthermore, compound 2b could induce SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, our novel findings may provide a new framework for the design of new benzylidene 2-aminoimidazolones derivatives for the treatment of cancer.

Privileged scaffolds or promiscuous binders: A comparative study on rhodanines and related heterocycles in medicinal chemistry

Rhodanines and related five-membered heterocycles with multiple heteroatoms have recently gained a reputation of being unselective compounds that appear as "frequent hitters" in screening campaigns and therefore have little value in drug discovery. However, this judgment appears to be based mostly on anecdotal evidence. Having identified various rhodanines and related compounds in screening campaigns, we decided to perform a systematic study on their promiscuity. An amount of 163 rhodanines, hydantoins, thiohydantoins, and thiazolidinediones were synthesized and tested against several targets. The compounds were also characterized with respect to aggregation and electrophilic reactivity, and the binding modes of rhodanines and related compounds in published X-ray cocrystal structures were analyzed. The results indicate that the exocyclic, double bonded sulfur atom in rhodanines and thiohydantoins, in addition to other structural features, offers a particularly high density of interaction sites for polar interactions and hydrogen bonds. This causes a promiscuous behavior at concentrations in the "screening range" but should not be regarded as a general knockout criterion that excludes such screening hits from further development. It is suggested that special criteria for target affinity and selectivity are applied to these classes of compounds and that their exceptional and potentially valuable biomolecular binding properties are consequently exploited in a useful way.

The isolation and synthesis of polyandrocarpamines A and B. Two new 2-aminoimidazolone compounds from the Fijian ascidian, Polyandrocarpa sp.

Chemical investigation of a Fijian ascidian, Polyandrocarpa sp., has resulted in the isolation of two new 2-aminoimidazolone-derived compounds, polyandrocarpamines A (1) and B (2). The structures of these unique metabolites were determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic data and confirmed by total synthesis. The stereospecific synthesis of 1 was accomplished using aldol condensation chemistry to generate an arylidene thiohydantoin that was subsequently transaminated to yield polyandrocarpamine A. Demethylation of synthetic 1 afforded polyandrocarpamine B. Both the natural product and synthetic polyandrocarpamines were assigned Z geometries about the exocyclic double bond (C-5/C-7) on the basis of 13C/1H long-range coupling constants, which were measured using a gHSQMBC experiment.