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Levamisole

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Name

Levamisole

EINECS 238-836-5
CAS No. 14769-73-4 Density 1.326 g/cm3
PSA 40.90000 LogP 1.51960
Solubility N/A Melting Point 230 - 233ºC
Formula C11H12N2S Boiling Point 344.382 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 204.296 Flash Point 162.076 °C
Transport Information N/A Appearance white to off-white crystalline powder
Safety Risk Codes N/A
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 14769-73-4 (Levamisole) Hazard Symbols N/A
Synonyms

(-)-Tetramisole;(S)-(-)-Levamisole;L-Tetramisole;Lepuron;Levamisol;Levipor;Levomysol;(S)-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;Totalon;Vermisol 150;Wormicid;l-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole,2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-, (S)-;(-)-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2.1-b]thiazole;Levamisole;

Article Data 15

Levamisole Synthetic route

16595-80-5

levamisole hydrochloride

14769-73-4

Levamisole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In diethyl ether; water Inert atmosphere;98%
With sodium hydroxide In water pH=12;98.32%
With sodium hydroxide In diethyl ether; water at 20℃; for 0.166667h;91%
75-15-0

carbon disulfide

62779-70-8

(1S)-1-phenylethylene-1,2-diamine

106-93-4

ethylene dibromide

14769-73-4

Levamisole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: carbon disulfide; (1S)-1-phenylethylene-1,2-diamine In ethanol; water
Stage #2: ethylene dibromide With sodium carbonate In ethanol; water
65%
16595-77-0

(S)-4-Phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-2-thiol

106-93-4

ethylene dibromide

14769-73-4

Levamisole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium carbonate In isopropyl alcohol60%
With sodium carbonate In isopropyl alcohol
112790-85-9

(S)-3-(2'-hydroxy-2'-phenylethyl)-2-thiazolidinimine hydrochloride

14769-73-4

Levamisole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride; potassium carbonate 1.)CH2Cl2, RT, 2 h, 2.) ethanol, reflux, 1 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;
5036-02-2

Tetramisole

14769-73-4

Levamisole

5036-02-2

Tetramisole

A

14769-73-4

Levamisole

B

14769-74-5

R-(+)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-imidazo<2,1b>thiazole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrographite; O,O'-dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid In carbon dioxide at 39℃; under 120010 Torr; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents;
With O,O'-dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid In dichloromethane; water at 40℃; Sonication; Irradiation; Overall yield = 84 %;A n/a
B n/a
112790-83-7

(S)-3-(2'-hydroxy-2'-phenylethyl)-2-thiazolidinimine

14769-73-4

Levamisole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With thionyl chloride In dichloromethane
56613-81-1

(S)-2-Amino-1-phenyl-1-ethanol

14769-73-4

Levamisole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: imidazole
2: K2CO3; 18-crown-6 / Heating
3: TBAF / tetrahydrofuran
4: aq. ethanol / Heating
5: SOCl2 / CH2Cl2
View Scheme
121673-61-8

N-(2-chloroethylamino)-1-phenyl-1-ethanol

14769-73-4

Levamisole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: aq. ethanol / Heating
2: SOCl2 / CH2Cl2
View Scheme
186343-35-1

(S)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-one

14769-73-4

Levamisole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps
1: 79 percent / aq. NaOH / ethanol / Heating
2: imidazole
3: K2CO3; 18-crown-6 / Heating
4: TBAF / tetrahydrofuran
5: aq. ethanol / Heating
6: SOCl2 / CH2Cl2
View Scheme

Levamisole Specification

The Levamisole, with the CAS registry number 14769-73-4, is also known as (S)-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. Its EINECS number is 238-836-5. This chemical's molecular formula is C11H12N2S and molecular weight is 204.29. What's more, its systematic name is (6S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole. Its classification codes are: (1)Adjuvants, immunologic; (2)Anthelmintics; (3)Anti-Infective Agents; (4)Antinematodal agents; (5)Antiparasitic Agents; (6)Antirheumatic agents; (7)Drug / Therapeutic Agent; (8)Immunologic Factors; (9)Mutation data. This chemical is used as antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. It should be sealed and stored at the temperature of 0 - 6 °C.

Physical properties of Levamisole are: (1)ACD/LogP: 1.84; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -0.16; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -0.06; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 2.40; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 2.99; (9)#H bond acceptors: 2; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 1; (12)Polar Surface Area: 40.9 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.713; (14)Molar Refractivity: 60.411 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 154.109 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 23.949×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 54.1 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.326 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 162.076 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 58.834 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 344.382 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: N\2=C1/SCCN1C[C@@H]/2c3ccccc3
(2)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2/t10-/m1/s1
(3)Std. InChIKey: HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 43mg/kg (43mg/kg)   Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal Vol. 30, Pg. 448, 1996.
mouse LD50 intravenous 22mg/kg (22mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 407, 1979.
mouse LD50 oral 210mg/kg (210mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 407, 1979.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 84mg/kg (84mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 407, 1979.
rabbit LD50 intravenous 15mg/kg (15mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 407, 1979.
rabbit LD50 oral 700mg/kg (700mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 407, 1979.
rat LD50 intravenous 24mg/kg (24mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 407, 1979.
rat LD50 oral 480mg/kg (480mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 407, 1979.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 120mg/kg (120mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
MBI, Mediko Biologicheskaya Informatsiya. Medical-Biological Information. Vol. (6), Pg. 27, 1985.

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