The research focuses on the design and synthesis of novel quinone inhibitors targeting the redox function of the multifunctional enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox enhancing factor 1 (Ape1/Ref-1), which plays a crucial role in DNA repair and transcription regulation. The study involved synthesizing a series of benzoquinone and naphthoquinone analogues, particularly based on the known inhibitor E3330, to evaluate their inhibitory effects on Ape1's redox activity and tumor cell growth. Key reactants included various substituted phenols and phosphonates, with reactions facilitated by methods such as Emmons condensation and oxidation using reagents like nitric acid and ceric ammonium nitrate. Analyses included electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to measure redox inhibition and MTS assays to assess cell growth inhibition, providing insights into structure-activity relationships and the potential therapeutic applications of these compounds.
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