- INTRAMOLECULAR AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION (SRN1) REACTIONS: USE OF ENTRAINMENT FOR THE PREPARATION OF BENZOTHIAZOLES
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The process of entrainment (catalytic chain initiation) with the enolate-anion of acetone has been used in intramolecular aromatic SRN1 substitution for the preparation of 2-phenyl- and 2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole in high yield from o-iodothiobenzanilide and o-iodothioacetanilide.
- Bowman, W. Russell,Heaney, Harry,Smith, Philip H. G.
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- Transforming LiTMP Lithiation of Challenging Diazines through Gallium Alkyl Trans-Metal-Trapping
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This study establishes a new trans-metal-trapping (TMT) procedure based on a mixture of LiTMP (the base) and tris(trimethylsilylmethyl)gallium [Ga(CH2SiMe3)3, GaR3] (the trap) that, operating in a tandem manner, is effective for the regioselective deprotonation of sensitive diazines in hydrocarbon solution, as illustrated through reactions of pyrazine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine, as well as through the N-S heterocycle benzothiazole. The metallo-activated complexes of all of these compounds were isolated and structurally defined.
- Uzelac, Marina,Kennedy, Alan R.,Hevia, Eva,Mulvey, Robert E.
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- Novel hemicyanine sensitizers based on benzothiazole-indole for dye-sensitized solar cells: Synthesis, optoelectrical characterization and efficiency of solar cell
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Synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic properties of three new hemicyanine sensitizers based benzothiazole-indoline (HC-TH, HC-IND1 and HC-IND2) were tested in DSSC with TiO2 film. These sensitizers have a higher molar absorption coefficient, and thus have better light harvesting properties. Electrochemical, theoretical, and spectroscopic methods were used to calculate energy levels of the dye molecules both in the excited state and in the ground state. The results obtained from the spectroscopy and Tafel studies show a marked increase in overall photoelectro-chemical cell output with Br-substitute at p-position in the hemicyanine sensitizer. Interestingly, HC-IND2 showed absorption of UV–Vis at a longer wavelength than HC-IND1 and HC-TH. This structural feature, as well as optical properties, would result in an improved efficiency of DSSC with a better photovoltaic output (4.01percent) solar to electricity conversion efficiency compared to HC-IND1 and HC-TH.
- Al-Ostoot, Fares H.,Al-horaibi, Sultan A.,Alghamdi, Mohammed T.,Alrabie, Ali A.,Garoon, Eman M.,Rajbhoj, Anjali S.
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- A novel practical synthesis of benzothiazoles via Pd-catalyzed thiol cross-coupling
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A convenient synthesis of substituted benzothiazoles from 2-bromoanilides has been accomplished. The various 2-bromoanilides were reacted with an alkyl thiolate in high yields using a palladium catalyst. The resulting sulfides were easily converted to the corresponding benzothiazoles via the simultaneous generation of thiols and condensation under basic or acidic conditions.
- Itoh, Takahiro,Mase, Toshiaki
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- Synthesis of novel colorants for DSSC to study effect of alkyl chain length alteration of auxiliary donor on light to current conversion efficiency
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Five (MA1-MA5) hemicyanine based sensitizer having N, N-diethyl aniline as a primary donor and hydroxy or alkoxy as an auxiliary donor have been synthesized to establish a correlation between amphiphilic nature of the sensitizer and charge recombination. A strong electron withdrawing 3-(carboxymethyl)-2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-3-ium bromide has been explored as an acceptor. All the dyes were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CHN analysis. The photophysical properties of these dyes were recorded in seven different solvents which do not show any significant impact on absorption and emission maxima while molar absorptivity coefficient decreases with increase in alkyl chain length. These dyes show very poor emission in all the solvents. Nano-crystalline mesoporous TiO2 based dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using MA1 to MA5 sensitizers to evaluate their photovoltaic performance. MA5 having six carbon alkyl chain shows maximum efficiency of 4.97% while MA1 without any alkyl chain shows the lowest efficiency of 3.40%. As the length of alkyl chain increase efficiency increase due to increment in short circuit current (Jsc) and retardation in the recombination process. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) were explored to obtain vertical excitation, HOMO-LUMO energy and electron density distribution.
- Jadhav, Manoj M.,Vaghasiya, Jayraj V.,Patil, Dinesh,Soni, Saurabh S.,Sekar, Nagaiyan
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- A simple and efficient route for synthesis of 2-alkylbenzothiazoles
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The condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of 4? molecular sieves, followed by oxidation with silica gel supported pyridinium chlorochromate offers a simple and efficient route to 2-alkylbenzothiazoles.
- Waengdongbung, Wijitra,Hahnvajanawong, Viwat,Theramongkol, Parinya
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- THERMOLYSIS AND MASS SPECTROMETRY OF meso-SUBSTITUTED THIACARBOCYANINES
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The pathways of fragmentation of thiacarbocyanine dyes with various electron-donor substituents in the meso position of the polymethine chain under the influence of high temperatures and electron impact were investigated.The results of thermolysis of the dyes are compared with the results of quantum-chemical calculations of the labilities of the bonds in the molecules.
- Khesin, V. G.,Raikhina, R. D.,Al'perovich, M. A.,Abramenko, P. I.,Medvedeva, T. D.
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- Ligand exchange reactions of NiCl2(PPh3)2 with O(S)∩N∩S ligands
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Ligand exchange reactions of NiCl2(PPh3)2 with O(S)∩N∩S ligands were studied. Oxidation products of O∩N∩S ligands have been characterized and their structures determined: 3-methyl-4H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-2-yl-phenylmethanone / 2-methyl-benzo[d][1,3]thiazole (mixed crystal); [2-iminoisopropyl-thiophenolato(2-)](triphenyl-phosphane)-nickel(II); 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(benzoyl-thiobenzoylhydrazono)-pyrazol-5-thione; [1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(benzoyl-thiobenzoylhydrazono)-pyrazol-5-thionato] (triphenyl-phosphane)-nickel(II).
- Sawusch, Stefan,Schilde, Uwe
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- One-pot preparation of 2 (alkly)arylbenzothiazoles from the corresponding o-halobenzanilides
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Thionation of o-halobenzanilides was carried out in the presence of Lawesson's reagent. Subsequently, the formed thioamides reacted with cesium carbonate to give the corresponding benzothiazole derivatives in the same pot. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Bernardi, Dan,Ba, Lalla A?cha,Kirsch, Gilbert
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- A ball-milling strategy for the synthesis of benzothiazole, benzimidazole and benzoxazole derivatives under solvent-free conditions
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A convenient solvent-free method for the synthesis of benzothiazole, benzimidazole, and benzoxazole derivatives has been developed using recyclable ZnO-NPs via a ball-milling strategy. The method affords environmentally friendly reaction conditions that score high on the ecoscale with the low E-factor. The process is also highly efficient even on a multi-gram scale and provides easy product isolation.
- Sharma, Hemant,Singh, Narinder,Jang, Doo Ok
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- NICKEL-COMPLEX-CATALYZED CROSS-COUPLING OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS WITH 2-HALOGENOBENZOTHIAZOLES
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2-Halogenobenzothiazoles undergo C-C cross-coupling reaction with Grignard reagents in the presence of Ni(II)-phosphine complexes.The reaction is considerably influenced by the nature of the phosphine bonded to Ni(II) and the halogen in the halogenobenzothiazole.Particularly efficient catalysts are 2-chlorobenzothiazole coordinated nickel-complexes,NiBr2(H2O)(2-Cl-BT), NiBr2(2-Cl-BT)PMe3, NiBr2(2-Cl-BT)PCy3 and complex NiBr2(DMSO)PMe3, wich all are here reported for the first time.A possible mechanism for the catalytic activity exhibited by the nickel-complexes in the C-C cross-coupling of 2-halogenobenzothiazoles with Grignards is also reported.
- Babudri, F.,Florio, S.,Ronzini, L.,Aresta, M.
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- COMPOSITION OF "POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID TRIMETHYLSILYL ESTER (PPSE)" AND ITS USE AS A CONDENSATION REAGENT
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Phosphorus pentoxide reacts readily with anhydrous hexamethyl-disiloxane (HMDSO) to form mixtures of tetraphosphoric acid trimethyl-silyl esters (so-called PPSE), the composition of which being estimated from (31)P NMR data.PPSE was conveniently used as a condensation reagent for the syntheses of benzimidazoles, indoles, and isoquinoline derivatives.Heterogenized PPSE by using silica gel instead of HMDSO was found to be equally useful.
- Yamamoto, Keiji,Watanabe, Hiroyuki
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- Methanesulfonic acid/SiO2 as an efficient combination for the synthesis of 2-substituted aromatic and aliphatic benzothiazoles from carboxylic acids
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Methanesulfonic acid/SiO2 (1 mL/0.3 g) was found to be as an expeditious mixture in the synthesis of 2-substituted aromatic and aliphatic benzothiazoles at 140° using carboxylic acids. After a simple workup, benzothiazoles were obtained in good yields. Simplicity, use of widely available and diverse carboxylic acids, and easy handling of the reaction conditions are among the benefits of the method. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Sharghi, Hashem,Asemani, Omid
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- Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and photophysical study of dicyanomethylene-substituted squaraine dyes
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In this work, the synthesis and the photophysical study of novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical squaraine dyes is described. These dyes were prepared by base-catalyzed condensation reaction between 3H-indolium or benzothiazolium salts with dicyanomethylene squarate, derived from squaric acid. The photophysical behavior of the dyes was investigated using UV-Vis absorption and steady-state fluorescence in solution. Additionally, its association with albumin from bovine serum (bovine serum albumin [BSA]) was also investigated. The dyes present strong absorption in the red/infrared regions and fluorescence emission in the infrared region tailored by the electronic structure of the squaraine. Association experiments with bovine serum albumin indicate that the obtained squaraine dyes are suitable for protein detection in solution.
- Pisoni, Diego Dos Santos,Petzhold, Cesar Liberato,Abreu, Marluza Pereira De,Rodembusch, Fabiano Severo,Campo, Leandra Franciscato
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- A Novel Convenient and Selective Alkoxycarbonylation of Heteroaromatic Bases by Oxalic Acid Monoesters
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Methoxy- and ethoxycarbonyl radicals were easily produced by silver-catalyzed decarboxylation of methyl and ethyl esters of oxalic acid by S2O8(2-).They were utilized for the alkoxycarbonylation of heteroaromatic bases with high yield and selectivity in a two-phase system, suitable for practical applications.
- Coppa, Fausta,Fontana, Francesca,Lazzarini, Edoardo,Minisci, Francesco,Pianese, Guiseppe,Zhao, Lihua
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- Facile synthesis of benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole derivatives catalyzed by sulfonated rice husk ash (RHA-SO3H) as an efficient solid acid catalyst
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A mild, simple, and efficient solvent-free method, with sulfonated rice husk ash as solid acid catalyst, has been developed for preparation of benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole derivatives. The products are obtained in good to high yields after very short reaction times, and the catalyst can be reused five times without loss of its catalytic activity.
- Shirini, Farhad,Mamaghani, Manouchehr,Seddighi, Mohadeseh
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- KOtBu-Promoted Halogen-Bond-Assisted Intramolecular C-S Cross-Coupling of o-Iodothioanilides for the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles
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An efficacious and mild KOtBu-promoted intramolecular C-S cross-coupling of ortho-iodothioanilides in conjunction with a catalytic quantity of phenanthroline as an additive has been described for the convenient synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles. The methodology is suitable for attaining a wide variety of 2-alkyl- and 2-aryl-substituted benzothiazoles. Single-crystal XRD, DFT calculations, NMR, and UV studies suggest that halogen bonds between the units of ortho-iodothioanilides may assist in the electron transfer process.
- Nandy, Anuradha,Sekar, Govindasamy
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p. 15825 - 15834
(2021/11/01)
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- Ultrasound-assisted efficient and green synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles under solvent-free condition using recyclable sulfated tungstate
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Sulfated tungstate catalyzed an efficient and ecofriendly protocol has been described for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles. The corresponding benzothiazoles were obtained using a condensation reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with various aldehydes under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature. Various functional groups on the 2-aminothiophenol as well as on the aldehydes were tolerated to provide 2-substituted benzothiazoles derivatives in excellent yields. The faster reaction rate, solvent-free or mild reaction conditions, wide functional group compatibility, excellent yields, easy work-up procedure, and excellent catalyst recyclability are the advantages of this protocol. These advantages make this process more practicable, cost-effective, and environmentally benign.
- Pise, Ashok S.,Ingale, Ajit P.,Dalvi, Navnath R.
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supporting information
p. 3629 - 3641
(2021/10/12)
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- Photocatalyst- And Transition-Metal-Free Visible-Light-Promoted Intramolecular C(sp2)-S Formation
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A photocatalyst- and transition-metal-free visible-light-induced cyclization of ortho-halothiobenzanilides has been developed. Upon irradiation with visible light, substrates undergo dehalogenative cyclization to 2-aryl benzothiazoles with high efficiency and selectivity. This photocyclization exhibits a high tolerance to various functional groups, is applicable for the synthesis of 2-alkyl benzothiazoles, and is easy to set up for gram-scale reaction.
- Wang, Hao,Wu, Qi,Zhang, Jian-Dong,Li, Hai-Yan,Li, Hong-Xi
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p. 2078 - 2083
(2021/04/05)
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- Synthesis method of benzothiazole compound
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The invention relates to a novel process for synthesizing benzothiazole compounds, which comprises the following steps of: (1) heating and stirring orthoester, o-aminothiophenol and derivatives thereof to react, monitoring the reaction process by TLC, and obtaining crude benzothiazole compounds after the reaction is finished; and (2) distilling the crude benzothiazole compound obtained in the step (1) or recrystallizing by using a solvent, and filtering to obtain the benzothiazole compound. According to the method, no solvent is added in the reaction process, the separation and purification process is optimized, and green production of fine chemicals is effectively achieved; and no catalyst is added, the operation is simple, the reaction time is remarkably shortened, the production efficiency of the product is improved, and the yield can reach 79%-90%. The problems of environmental pollution, potential safety hazards, harm to human health, resource waste and the like caused by the solvent are fundamentally solved, and the method has extremely high green industrialization value.
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Paragraph 0024-0028
(2021/07/14)
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- Method for catalytically synthesizing benzothiazole compound by using copper complex
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The invention relates to a method for catalytically synthesizing benzothiazole compounds by using a copper complex, which is characterized in that a copper complex containing ortho-carborane Schiff base ligand is used as a catalyst to form aldehydes. 2 - Bromoaniline and sodium sulfide are used as raw materials, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature to obtain a benzothiazole compound. Compared with the prior art, the copper complex catalytic aldehyde, 2 -bromoaniline and sodium sulfide (Na) containing the ortho-carborane Schiff base ligand are utilized. 2 Multiple components of S) react to prepare benzothiazole compounds, and the catalyst is low in dosage, mild in reaction conditions, high in reaction rate, high in yield, wide in substrate range, cheap and accessible in raw materials and wide in application prospect in industry.
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Paragraph 0056-0067
(2021/09/22)
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- ZnO-NPs catalyzed condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and aryl/alkyl nitriles: Efficient green synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles
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The synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles has been described using ZnO-nanoparticles as a catalyst. The condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and aryl/alkyl nitriles resulted in the formation of various 2-substituted benzothiazoles under solvent-free reaction conditions. The library of 2-substituted benzothiazoles has been synthesized in good to excellent yield. The reaction has shown a wide range of functional group compatibility for both varyingly substituted 2-aminothiophenols and nitriles. The protocol has many advantages such as faster reaction rate, mild reaction conditions, various functional group compatibility, excellent yield, solvent-free reaction conditions, easy recovery of materials, and excellent catalyst recyclability, among others. The various advantages of this protocol make it a more feasible, economical, and environmentally benign process.
- Dhawale, Kiran D.,Ingale, Ajit P.,Shinde, Sandeep V.,Thorat, Nitin M.,Patil, Limbraj R.
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p. 1588 - 1601
(2021/03/18)
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- One-pot synthesis of 2-acylbenzothiazoles from 2-aminobenzenethiols and arylacetonitriles via cyclization and sequential oxidation
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An efficient one-pot method to access 2-acylbenzothiazoles via AlCl3-mediated cyclization reaction and I2-promoted sequential oxidation reaction of 2-aminobenzenethiols with arylacetonitriles was developed. This reaction proceeds smoothly with a wide range of arylacetonitriles containing different functional groups to give the corresponding products in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Moreover, this reaction was conveniently conducted on a gram scale, and the yield is still up to 68%.
- Zhang, Shanshan,Wang, Shiwei,Leng, Yuting,Wu, Yangjie
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supporting information
(2021/08/13)
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- Elemental Sulfur-Promoted Benzoxazole/Benzothiazole Formation Using a C=C Double Bond as a One-Carbon Donator
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An efficient method to assemble diverse benzoxazoles/benzothiazoles in good yields was developed via oxidative cyclization with 2-aminothiophenols or 2-iodoanilines as raw materials. In this protocol, elemental sulfur was used as the effective oxidant and C atoms on the C=C double bond were introduced as a one-carbon donator.
- Chen, Xuecheng,Han, Shiqing,Hu, Liang,Liu, Yafei,Luo, Yue,Pan, Bin,Peng, Yalan,Zhang, Jun,Zhang, Yurong
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p. 14485 - 14492
(2021/11/12)
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- Method for preparing alkyl benzothiazole derivative under visible light
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The invention discloses a method for preparing an alkyl benzothiazole derivative under visible light, which specifically comprises the following steps: under the protection of inert gas, adding N-(2-bromophenyl) alkyl thioamide and inorganic base into a reaction container provided with a stirring device, then adding dimethyl sulfoxide, stirring and reacting for 24 hours at room temperature under the irradiation of visible light, and obtaining the alkyl benzothiazole derivative. Under the condition of not adding any photosensitizer or transition metal catalyst, sodium phosphate is used as alkali, and under the irradiation of a 45W household compact fluorescent lamp, a series of intramolecular cross-coupling reactions of N-(2-bromophenyl) alkyl thioamide are realized. In addition, the alkylbenzothiazole derivative can be obtained with high yield. The whole process is green, efficient and easy to operate, and the method is a good method for synthesizing the alkylbenzothiazole derivative.
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Paragraph 0024-0026
(2021/06/22)
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- Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of fluorinated rhodacyanine analogues: The ‘fluorine-walk’ analysis
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In a search for potent antileishmanial drug candidates, eighteen rhodacyanine analogues bearing fluorine or perfluoroalkyl substituents at various positions were synthesized. These compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities against Leishmania martiniquensis and L. orientalis. This ‘fluorine-walk’ analysis revealed that the introduction of fluorine atom at C-5, 6, 5′, or 6′ on the benzothiazole units led to significant enhancement of the activity, correlating with the less negative reduction potentials of the fluorinated analogues confirmed by the electrochemical study. On the other hand, [sbnd]CF3 and [sbnd]OCF3 groups were found to have detrimental effects, which agreed with the poor aqueous solubility predicted by the in silico ADMET analysis. In addition, some of the analogues including the difluorinated species showed exceptional potency against the promastigote and axenic amastigote stages (IC50 = 40–85 nM), with the activities surpassing both amphotericin B and miltefosine.
- Lasing, Thitiya,Phumee, Atchara,Siriyasatien, Padet,Chitchak, Kantima,Vanalabhpatana, Parichatr,Mak, Kit-Kay,Hee Ng, Chew,Vilaivan, Tirayut,Khotavivattana, Tanatorn
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supporting information
(2019/12/09)
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- K2S as Sulfur Source and DMSO as Carbon Source for the Synthesis of 2-Unsubstituted Benzothiazoles
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We describe a three-component reaction of o-iodoanilines with K2S and DMSO that provides 2-unsubstituted benzothiazoles in moderate to good isolated yields with good functional group tolerance. Electron-rich aromatic amines and o-phenylenediamines instead of o-iodoanilines provided 2-unsubstituted benzothiazoles and 2-unsubstituted benzimidazoles with and without K2S under similar conditions. Notably, DMSO plays three vital roles: carbon source, solvent, and oxidant.
- Deng, Guobo,Kuang, Daizhi,Liang, Yun,Yang, Yuan,Yu, Jiangxi,Zhang, Fuxing,Zhu, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 3789 - 3793
(2020/06/04)
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- Synthesis of Benzothiazoles via Photooxidative Decarboxylation of α-Keto Acids
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Herein, synthesis of benzothiazoles via decarboxylative cross-coupling between α-keto acids and 2-aminothiophenols under blue LED irradiation without using any photocatalyst or metal at room temperature is described. The formation of benzothiazole is driven by the EDA (electron donor-acceptor) complex formed between α-keto acid and 2-aminothiophenol. This methodology gives easy access to 2-substituted and -unsubstituted benzothiazoles in moderate to good yields. α-Keto acids and 2-aminothiophenols bearing different functional groups were easily transformed under the given conditions. (Figure presented.).
- Monga, Aparna,Bagchi, Sourav,Soni, Raj Kumar,Sharma, Anuj
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supporting information
p. 2232 - 2237
(2020/03/04)
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- Preparation method of 2-aryl benzothiazole compound
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The invention discloses a preparation method of a 2-arylbenzothiazole compound, which comprises the following steps: adding a reaction substrate 2-aminothiophenol and ketonic acid(or aldehyde) into adeep eutectic solvent, magnetically stirring in an oil bath pot at 60-90 DEG C, and carrying out after-treatment after the reaction is finished to obtain the 2-arylbenzothiazole compound, wherein a deep eutectic solvent is a reaction solvent, and other catalysts are not needed. The method is simple to operate, mild in reaction condition, efficient in reaction, high in atom economy, few in byproducts and green and environment-friendly in reaction process, and has popularization and application values.
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Paragraph 0116-0118
(2020/05/09)
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- Eco-friendly syntheses of 2-substituted benzoxazoles and 2-substituted benzothiazoles from 2-aminophenols, 2-aminothiophenols and DMF derivatives in the presence of imidazolium chloride
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A simple, economical and metal-free approach to the synthesis of 2-substituted benzoxazoles and 2-substituted benzothiazoles from 2-aminophenols, 2-aminothiophenols and DMF derivatives, only using imidazolium chloride (50% mmol) as promoter without any other additive, was reported. Various 2-substituted benzoxazoles and 2-substituted benzothiazoles were thus prepared in moderate to excellent yields.
- Tian, Qingqiang,Luo, Wen,Gan, Zongjie,Li, Dan,Dai, Zeshu,Wang, Huajun,Wang, Xuetong,Yuan, Jianyong
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supporting information
(2019/01/21)
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- Synthesis method of 2-substituted benzoxazole, 2-substituted benzothiazole and derivatives thereof
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The invention provides a synthesis method of 2-substituted benzoxazole, 2-substituted benzothiazole and derivatives thereof. In the method, through ortho-aminophenol/2-aminothiophenol cyclization catalyzed by imidazole hydrochloride, synthesis of functionalized 2-substituted benzoxazole and 2-substituted benzothiazole is realized; the method is simple, economical and high in practicality. No othercatalysts or additives are used, the synthesis method ensures good functional group tolerance and excellent yield and purity, the reaction time is short, no harsh reaction conditions are needed, andthe method is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0047; 0052-0053
(2019/02/10)
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- Method for synthesizing benzothiazole by microwave radiation of benzothioamide compound in aqueous phase
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing benzothiazole by microwave radiation of a benzothioamide compound in an aqueous phase. The method includes the steps: adding the benzothioamide compound into the aqueous phase under microwave conditions; performing cyclization under alkaline conditions to generate the benzothiazole. The method for preparing the benzothiazole is environmentally friendly, simple and convenient in operation, safe, cheap and efficient. Compared with the prior art, the method is applicable to a lot of functional groups, high in yield, few in by-products, simple in operation, safe, low in cost and environmentally friendly.
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Paragraph 0013; 0014
(2019/02/13)
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- An efficient synthesis of benzothiazole using tetrabromomethane as a halogen bond donor catalyst
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An efficient and mild protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazole under solvent- and metal-free conditions using CBr4 as the catalyst. This process involves the activation of a thioamide through halogen bond formation between the sulphur atom of the thioamide and bromine atom of the CBr4 molecule. The presence of halogen-bonding interaction between N-methylthioamides and tetrabromomethane has been demonstrated with several control experiments, spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory (DFT). This methodology has a wide substrate scope for the synthesis of both 2-alkyl and 2-aryl substituted benzothiazoles.
- Kazi, Imran,Sekar, Govindasamy
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p. 9743 - 9756
(2019/12/02)
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- Di- tert-butyl Peroxide-Mediated Radical C(sp2/sp3)-S Bond Cleavage and Group-Transfer Cyclization
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A novel strategy of cascade radical C(sp2/sp3)-S bond cleavage and group-transfer cyclization is disclosed. Triggered by alkyl radicals, varieties of 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers containing aliphatic, aryl, and heteroaromatic groups can be cleaved and precisely reinstalled to give benzothiazole derivatives. Mechanistic studies reveal that the cascade reaction undertakes an intermolecular pathway, and the inner radical sources (R radicals) exhibit high priority over those of methyl radical origin from di-tert-butyl peroxide.
- Luo, Kai,Yang, Wen-Chao,Wei, Kai,Liu, Yue,Wang, Jun-Ke,Wu, Lei
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p. 7851 - 7856
(2019/10/11)
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- TBHP/KI-Promoted Annulation of Anilines, Ethers, and Elemental Sulfur: Access to 2-Aryl-, 2-Heteroaryl-, or 2-Alkyl-Substituted Benzothiazoles
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An efficient TBHP/KI-promoted annulation of anilines with ethers and elemental sulfur has been developed through the selective C-O bond cleavage of ethers under transition-metal-free conditions. A wide range of 2-aryl-, 2-heteroaryl-, and 2-alkyl-substituted benzothiazoles were easily prepared with satisfactory yields and good functional group compatibility.
- Zhang, Jie,Zhao, Xin,Liu, Ping,Sun, Peipei
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p. 12596 - 12605
(2019/10/11)
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- Efficient CDI/CH3SO3H-catalyzed, microwave-assisted synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles
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CDI combined with CH3SO3H was found to be highly effective for the cyclization of 2-aminothiophenol derivatives with carboxylic acids under MW condition. Fourteen benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized in good yield and their structures were characterized by1H-NMR,13C-NMR, IR and mass spectrometry. This simple, rapid synthetic method is believed to provide a useful process for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazole compounds.
- Li, Yao-Wei,Zhang, Pei-Ming,Li, Rui,Bai, Yan,Yu, Yu,Gan, Zong-Jie
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supporting information
p. 34 - 39
(2019/05/04)
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- Peroxide-mediated oxidative coupling of primary alcohols and disulfides: Synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles
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A peroxide-mediated protocol for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles was developed, starting from bis(o-aminophenyl) disulfides and primary alcohols. Eleven differently 2-substituted benzothiazoles were prepared in moderate to excellent yields using di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as an oxidant.
- Padilha, Nathalia B.,Penteado, Filipe,Salom?o, Maria C.,Lopes, Eric F.,Bettanin, Luana,Hartwig, Daniela,Jacob, Raquel G.,Lenard?o, Eder J.
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supporting information
p. 1587 - 1591
(2019/05/21)
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- Sodium Sulfite-Involved Photocatalytic Radical Cascade Cyclization of 2-Isocyanoaryl Thioethers: Access to 2-CF2/CF3-Containing Benzothiazoles
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A visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization of 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers for the synthesis of 2-CF2/CF3-containing benzothiazoles has been developed. Sodium sulfite can participate in the photocatalytic cycle as a reductant that efficiently transforms Ir4+ into Ir3+ to promote the fluoroalkylation under mild reaction conditions.
- Yuan, Yao,Dong, Wuheng,Gao, Xiaoshuang,Xie, Xiaomin,Zhang, Zhaoguo
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supporting information
p. 469 - 472
(2019/01/11)
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- Metal free montmorillonite KSF clay catalyzed practical synthesis of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles under aerobic conditions
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An efficient method for the synthesis of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles via montmorillonite KSF clay catalyzed condensation reaction between 2-aminophenols or 2-aminothiophenols and β-diketones is reported. The efficiency of the reaction reflects from the wide substrate scope with electronic differentiation on aryls. The reaction is metal free and proceeds without the exclusion of air or moisture, and further the catalyst can be recycled up to 3–5 catalytic cycles.
- Kummari, Vijaya Babu,Chiranjeevi, Kalavakuntla,Suman Kumar, Alleni,Kumar, Rathod Aravind,Yadav, Jhillu Singh
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supporting information
p. 3335 - 3342
(2019/11/11)
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- Nanoporous TiO2 containing an ionic liquid bridge as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of: N, N ′-diarylformamidines, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles
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In this work, a green and efficient procedure is reported for the preparation of N,N'-diarylformamidines, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzimidazoles using nanoporous TiO2 containing an ionic liquid bridge. This reagent is prepared via the modification of nanoporous TiO2 with bis-3-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-ammonium hydrogen sulfate (TiO2-[bip]-NH2+ HSO4-). The procedure gave the products in excellent yields in very short reaction times under solvent-free conditions. The reusability of the catalyst is the other important feature of the reported method.
- Mazloumi,Shirini,Goli-Jolodar,Seddighi
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p. 5742 - 5752
(2018/04/23)
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- Method for preparing benzothiazole compound through microwave catalysis in water phase
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The invention discloses a method for preparing a benzothiazole compound through/under microwave catalysis in a water phase. A water-soluble coordination compound is used as a catalyst, and a reactionof inorganic sulfide, 2-iodoaniline and aldehyde is efficiently catalyzed through microwaves in a pure water phase. The method for preparing the benzothiazole compound is environmentally friendly, convenient to operate, safe, cheap and efficient. Compared with the prior art, the method is applied to a large quantity of functional groups, high in yield, simple to operate, safe, low in cost and environmentally friendly and produces a few byproducts.
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Paragraph 0042
(2018/05/16)
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- Structures, Spectroscopic Properties, and Dioxygen Reactivity of 5- and 6-Coordinate Nonheme Iron(II) Complexes: A Combined Enzyme/Model Study of Thiol Dioxygenases
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The synthesis of four new FeII(N4S(thiolate)) complexes as models of the thiol dioxygenases are described. They are composed of derivatives of the neutral, tridentate ligand triazacyclononane (R3TACN; R = Me, iPr) and 2-aminobenzenethiolate (abtx X = H, CF3), a non-native substrate for thiol dioxygenases. The coordination number of these complexes depends on the identity of the TACN derivative, giving 6-coordinate (6-coord) complexes for FeII(Me3TACN)(abtx)(OTf) (1: X = H; 2: X = CF3) and 5-coordinate (5-coord) complexes for [FeII(iPr3TACN)(abtx)](OTf) (3: X = H; 4: X = CF3). Complexes 1-4 were examined by UV-vis, 1H/19F NMR, and M?ssbauer spectroscopies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to support the data. M?ssbauer spectroscopy reveals that the 6-coord 1-2 and 5-coord 3- 4 exhibit distinct spectra, and these data are compared with that for cysteine-bound CDO, helping to clarify the coordination environment of the cys-bound FeII active site. Reaction of 1 or 2 with O2 at -95 °C leads to S-oxygenation of the abt ligand, and in the case of 2, a rare di(sulfinato)-bridged complex, [Fe2III(μ-O)((2-NH2)p-CF3C6H3SO2)2](OTf)2 (5), was obtained. Parallel enzymatic studies on the CDO variant C93G were carried out with the abt substrate and show that reaction with O2 leads to disulfide formation, as opposed to S-oxygenation. The combined model and enzyme studies show that the thiol dioxygenases can operate via a 6-coord FeII center, in contrast to the accepted mechanism for nonheme iron dioxygenases, and that proper substrate chelation to Fe appears to be critical for S-oxygenation.
- Gordon, Jesse B.,McGale, Jeremy P.,Prendergast, Joshua R.,Shirani-Sarmazeh, Zahra,Siegler, Maxime A.,Jameson, Guy N. L.,Goldberg, David P.
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p. 14807 - 14822
(2018/11/03)
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- AIBN-Promoted Synthesis of Bibenzo[ b][1,4]thiazines by the Condensation of 2,2′-Dithiodianiline with Methyl Aryl Ketones
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A series of bibenzo[b][1,4]thiazines with various functional groups has been synthesized by a free-radical condensation reaction. Bibenzo[b][1,4]thiazines were obtained in moderate to good yield (up to 85%) through a one-step reaction of readily available 2,2′-dithiodianiline and methyl aryl ketones with AIBN as radical initiator in HOAc. Bibenzo[b][1,4]thiazines exhibit diversiform solid-state packing.
- Huang, Xianqiang,Rong, Nianxin,Li, Pengfei,Shen, Guodong,Li, Qiang,Xin, Nana,Cui, Chuansheng,Cui, Jichui,Yang, Bingchuan,Li, Dacheng,Zhao, Changqiu,Dou, Jianmin,Wang, Bo
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p. 3332 - 3336
(2018/06/11)
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- Cascade C(sp3)-S Bond Cleavage and Imidoyl C-S Formation: Radical Cyclization of 2-Isocyanoaryl Thioethers toward 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles
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A cascade radical cyclization of 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers with H-phosphorus oxides, organoboronic acids, or alkyl radical precursors has been efficiently developed, providing a novel and highly efficient methodology to structurally diverse C2-substituted benzothiazole derivatives with broad functional group tolerance and good yields. This cascade radical process achieves the first cycloaddition of an imidoyl radical from isocyanide to sulfur atom, rending C(sp2)-S bond formation.
- Yang, Wen-Chao,Wei, Kai,Sun, Xue,Zhu, Jie,Wu, Lei
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p. 3144 - 3147
(2018/05/28)
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- Oxalic/malonic acids as carbon building blocks for benzazole, quinazoline and quinazolinone synthesis
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An oxidant, base and metal free methodology has been developed for the synthesis of various 2-substituted and non-substituted benzazoles, quinazolines and quinazolinones using oxalic/malonic acids as an in situ carbon source. This methodology is applicable for a wide range of substituted o-phenylenediamine, o-aminothiophenol, o-aminophenol and o-aminobenzamide containing various functional groups and provides good to excellent yields of the corresponding product. Furthermore an easy workup procedure, high yield and easy isolation of products are key features of this methodology. The developed protocol is also applicable for the gram scale synthesis of benzimidazoles.
- Sharma, Saurabh,Bhattacherjee, Dhananjay,Das, Pralay
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supporting information
p. 1337 - 1342
(2018/03/06)
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- 2-Arylation/alkylation of benzothiazoles using superparamagneticgraphene oxide-Fe3O4 hybrid material as a heterogeneous catalystwith diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) as an oxidant
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In this report, we introduced Graphene oxide-iron oxide (GO-Fe3O4) nanocomposites as a heterogeneous catalyst for arylation/alkylation of benzothiazoles with aldehydes and benzylic alcohols in the presence of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) as an oxidant which exclusively produced 2-aryl (alkyl)-1H–benzothizoles in moderate to excellent yields. The absence of precious metals and toxic solvent, easy product isolation, and recyclability of the GO-Fe3O4 with no loss of activity are notable advantages of this method.
- Khalili, Dariush,Etemadi-Davan, Elham,Banazadeh, Ali Reza
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- Sodium dichloroiodate promoted C-C bond cleavage: An efficient synthesis of 1,3-Benzazoles via condensation of o -amino/mercaptan/hydroxyanilines with β -diketones
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An efficient aqueous sodium dichloroiodate (NaICl 2) mediated protocol is developed for the synthesis of benzofused azoles by the cyclization of 2-amino anilines/thiophenols/phenols with β-diketone compounds. The reactions gave moderate to good yield of the corresponding 2-substituted benzimidazoles/benzothiazoles/benzoxazoles under mild conditions. This tandem process involved a C-C bond cleavage and C-N bond formation. Graphical Abstract?: SYNOPSIS A facile and single protocol for the synthesis of three versatile 1,3-benzazoles viz 2-substituted 1H-benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles from readily available starting materials, 1,3-diketones and corresponding o-amino anilines/thiophenols/phenols, by aqueous sodium dichloroiodate (NaICl 2) mediated C—C bond cleavage has been developed. The reaction provides a rapid access to these 1, 3-benzazoles in good yields, thus speeding up the drug discovery process.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Bhagat, Saket B,Ghodse, Shrikant M,Telvekar, Vikas N
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- Synthesis of benzothiazoles from 2-aminobenzenethiols in the presence of a reusable polythiazolium precatalyst under atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide
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Synthesis of benzothiazoles from 2-aminobenzenethiols and carbon dioxide was carried out using poly(3,4-dimethyl-5-vinylthiazolium) iodide as a precatalyst to in situ generation of NHCs by deprotonation. The reaction was successfully carried out under mild conditions (1 atm of CO2 and 60–70 °C) with a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. The precatalyst salt was recovered and reused for several times without any loss of activity.
- Chun, Supill,Yang, Sabyuk,Chung, Young Keun
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p. 3438 - 3442
(2017/05/31)
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- Rational design and synthesis of 2-anilinopyridinyl-benzothiazole Schiff bases as antimitotic agents
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Based on our previous results and literature precedence, a series of 2-anilinopyridinyl-benzothiazole Schiff bases were rationally designed by performing molecular modeling experiments on some selected molecules. The binding energies of the docked molecules were better than the E7010, and the Schiff base with trimethoxy group on benzothiazole moiety, 4y was the best. This was followed by the synthesis of a series of the designed molecules by a convenient synthetic route and evaluation of their anticancer potential. Most of the compounds have shown significant growth inhibition against the tested cell lines and the compound 4y exhibited good antiproliferative activity with a GI50 value of 3.8?μM specifically against the cell line DU145. In agreement with the docking results, 4y exerted cytotoxicity by the disruption of the microtubule dynamics by inhibiting tubulin polymerization via effective binding into colchicine domain, comparable to E7010. Detailed binding modes of 4y with colchicine binding site of tubulin were studied by molecular docking. Furthermore, 4y induced apoptosis as evidenced by biological studies like mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3, and Annexin V-FITC assays.
- Shaik, Thokhir B.,Hussaini, S.M. Ali,Nayak, V. Lakshma,Sucharitha, M. Lakshmi,Malik, M. Shaheer,Kamal, Ahmed
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p. 2549 - 2558
(2017/05/09)
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- TEMPO-Catalyzed Electrochemical C-H Thiolation: Synthesis of Benzothiazoles and Thiazolopyridines from Thioamides
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Benzothiazoles and thiazolopyridines are widely prevalent in pharmaceuticals and organic materials. Herein, we report a metal- and reagent-free method for the uniform synthesis of benzothiazoles and thiazolopyridines through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-catalyzed electrolytic C-H thiolation. This dehydrogenative coupling process provides access to a host of benzothiazoles and thiazolopyridines from N-(hetero)arylthioamides. Mechanistic studies suggested that the thioamide substrate was oxidized with the electrochemically generated TEMPO+ through an inner-sphere electron transfer to afford a thioamidyl radical, which undergoes homolytic aromatic substitution to form the key C-S bond.
- Qian, Xiang-Yang,Li, Shu-Qi,Song, Jinshuai,Xu, Hai-Chao
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p. 2730 - 2734
(2017/05/31)
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- Cerium Chloride Catalyzed, 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid Mediated Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Multiple Heterocycles at Room Temperature
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Catalytic cerium chloride was found to activate 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) for the oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoquinolines, tetrahydro-β-carbolines, and thiazolidines to their dehydrogenated and aromatic forms at room temperature in moderate to excellent yields. The robustness of the protocol was demonstrated by scaling up the reactions to multigram quantities.
- Hati, Santanu,Sen, Subhabrata
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supporting information
p. 1277 - 1280
(2017/03/17)
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- α-Keto Acids as Acylating Agents in the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzoselenazoles
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Herein, we report the first decarboxylative oxidation of α-keto acids that is promoted by sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) to obtain 2-substituted benzothiazoles and benzoselenazoles. Diaryl disulfides and diselenides were used as chalcogen sources, and the desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. This protocol does not require an inert gas, transition metals, or harsh reaction conditions, and CO2 is released as an environmentally benign coproduct. The presence of Na2S2O5 was essential to guarantee that the reaction reached completion and afforded maximum product yields.
- Lima, David B.,Penteado, Filipe,Vieira, Marcelo M.,Alves, Diego,Perin, Gelson,Santi, Claudio,Lenard?o, Eder J.
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supporting information
p. 3830 - 3836
(2017/07/22)
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- Efficient synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives by reaction of bis(2-aminophenyl) disulfides with aldehydes mediated by NaSH under microwave irradiation
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2-Substituted benzothiazoles were synthesized through condensation of bis(2-aminophenyl) disulfides with arylaldehydes catalyzed by inexpensive NaSH in PEG-300 and assisted by low energy microwave irradiation(25?W). Various 2-substitutedbenzothiazoles were obtained in moderate to high yields after simple post-reaction processing including adding distilled water, filtrating, and drying. Moreover, it was found that the S-S bond of the disulfide was reduced by NaSH and also by the intermediate benzothiazoline.
- Liu, Lei,Zhang, Fa,Wang, Hongliang,Zhu, Ning,Liu, Bo,Hong, Hailong,Han, Limin
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p. 464 - 468
(2017/04/03)
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- Cu-Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyzed the coupling of multi-step reactions: Direct synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives
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The coupling of multi-step reactions catalyzed by a heterogeneous catalyst is an important path to accomplish some unconventional chemical transformations. Since the starting materials generated from previous steps were adsorbed on the catalyst, the activation energy of following steps was largely decreased, and thus the reaction conditions were more mild and environmental friendly. Catalyzed by a multifunctional Cu-Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, the transfer hydrogenation and successive cyclization coupling reaction from o-nitroaniline and alcohol to afford benzimidazole derivatives in high yield was realized. The catalyst could be reused several times without loss of activity. The synergies of reforming hydrogenation of Cu-Pd bimetal and support acidity of γ-Al2O3 were responsible for this catalytic transformation.
- Feng, Feng,Ye, Jia,Cheng, Zheng,Xu, Xiaoliang,Zhang, Qunfeng,Ma, Lei,Lu, Chunshan,Li, Xiaonian
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p. 72750 - 72755
(2016/08/09)
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- Decarboxylative Coupling of α-Keto Acids with ortho-Phenylenediamines Promoted by an Electrochemical Method in Aqueous Media
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An electrochemical method for the decarboxylative coupling of α-keto acids with ortho-phenylenediamines was developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly in aqueous solution under air and metal catalyst-free conditions to afford 2-substituted benzimidazoles in good yields. Benzothiazoles could also be synthesized by this protocol. (Figure presented.) .
- Wang, Hai-Bin,Huang, Jing-Mei
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supporting information
p. 1975 - 1981
(2016/07/06)
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- Catalytic Aerobic Photo-oxidation of a Methyl Group on a Heterocycle to Produce an Aldehyde via Homolytic C-I Bond Cleavage caused by Irradiation with Visible Light
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A new catalytic method was developed for photo-oxidizing the methyl group on aromatic heterocycles such as benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and quinoline to produce the corresponding aldehyde. This is the first report of the metal-free catalytic synthesis of benzothiazole-2-carboxaldehydes using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant.
- Nagasawa,Tachikawa,Yamaguchi,Tada,Miura,Itoh
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p. 178 - 182
(2016/02/14)
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- Synergism in semiconducting nanocomposites: Visible light photocatalysis towards the formation of C-S and C-N bonds
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A simple, facile and visible light driven photochemical synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles and 2-substituted benzimidazoles is achieved with CdSe nanocomposites as a photocatalyst. These nanocomposites are prepared by the molecular self assembly of 2-3 nm sized zinc blende CdSe phase within the layers of montmorillonite (MMT) through intercalation forming lamellar structure. CdSe/MMT exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity towards the synthesis of benzazoles using aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes with better yields, and the efficiency is retained up to five cycles. XRD, XPS and Raman analyses of fresh and used CdSe/MMT reveal the passivation of structural defects due to the formation of a thin layer of CdO on the photocatalyst surface. The mixed phase of CdSe-CdO facilitates the generation of a hetero-junction on the CdSe/MMT surface, which is beneficial for photostability and sustainability. This process is also efficient under solar light and provides easy product isolation on the gram scale. Thus, it may be regarded as a greener methodology for the synthesis of bioactive scaffolds with excellent yields and high chemoselectivity using a tailor-made photocatalyst.
- Wade, Anil R.,Pawar, Hari R.,Biware, Megha V.,Chikate, Rajeev C.
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supporting information
p. 3879 - 3888
(2015/07/15)
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- FeCl3/ultrasound mediated reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with aldehydes in water: Synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles of pharmacological interest
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We report a FeCl3?6H2O mediated green and rapid access to benzothiazole derivatives having a substituent at C-2 via the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol with various aldehydes under ultrasound irradiation and air. The reaction progressed well in water affording the expected products in good yields. Two of these compounds known to be potent anticancer agents showed good interactions with PDE4B in silico and inhibited this enzyme when tested in vitro.
- Srinivas, Ponasanapalli Tirumala Venkata Ankayya,Bhavani, Sallagundla,Rambabu, Dandela,Rao, Mandava Venkata Basaveswara,Kapavarapu, Ravikumar,Pal, Manojit
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p. 457 - 465
(2015/06/22)
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- Graphene oxide as a heterogeneous reagent promoted synthesis of 2-substituted 1,3-benzazoles in water
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An efficient chemical method for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzoxazoles has been developed through the condensation of various aldehydes with o-phenylenediamine, o-aminothiophenol, and o-aminophenol using graphene oxide (GO) as an oxidant in water. These benzazoles are also prepared through a one-pot oxidation/condensation tandem process by reacting alcohols with 2-amino-(thio)phenol/aniline in the presence of GO in poly(ethylene glycol) as a safe media. Moreover, this carbonaceous material could be readily separated using a simple filtration.
- Khalili, Dariush,Banazadeh, Ali Reza
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p. 1693 - 1706
(2016/01/26)
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- Formation of a nanorod shaped ionogel and its high catalytic activity for one-pot synthesis of benzothiazoles
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An ionogel was synthesized through the confinement of 1,3,5-trimethyl pyrazolium chloride as an ionic liquid in a silica-gel matrix through a sol-gel process, and its catalytic activity was compared with a silica supported ionic liquid for the synthesis of benzothiazoles using 2-aminothiophenol and aldehydes/ketones. The reaction between 3-methoxyacetophenone and 2-aminothiophenol produced 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole, and its structure was determined using X-ray crystallography. The ionogel was characterized with SEM, TEM, FTIR and TGA.
- Sharma, Pankaj,Gupta, Monika,Kant, Rajni,Gupta, Vivek K.
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p. 5116 - 5120
(2015/07/07)
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