- Intramolecular alkyne hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination catalyzed by iridium hydrides
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Iridium(III) hydrides prove to be air-stable active catalysts for intramolecular hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination of internal alkynes with proximate nucleophiles. The cyclization follows highly selective 6-endo-dig regiochemistry when regioselectivity is an issue.
- Li, Xingwei,Chianese, Anthony R.,Vogel, Tiffany,Crabtree, Robert H.
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Read Online
- Pd-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of Nitroarenes with CO2 as the CO Source
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A reductive amination process that constructs indoles, carbazoles or benzimidazoles from nitroarenes – irrespective of their electronic or steric nature – was developed that uses CO2 as the source of CO. The process is robust, tolerating common gaseous components of flue gas (H2S, SO2, NO and H2O) without adversely affecting the reductive cyclization.
- Guan, Xinyu,Zhu, Haoran,Zhao, Yingwei,Driver, Tom G.
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supporting information
p. 57 - 60
(2019/12/11)
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- A Synthetic Route to Chiral Benzo-Fused N-Heterocycles via Sequential Intramolecular Hydroamination and Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Anilino-Alkynes
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An efficient sequential intramolecular hydroamination/asymmetric hydrogenation reaction under catalysis of a single chiral ruthenium complex or a binary system consisting of achiral gold complex and chiral ruthenium complex has been reported. A diverse range of enantioenriched benzo-fused N-heterocycles, including 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, indoline, and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine derivatives, were obtained from anilino-alkynes in high yields (up to 98%) with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) under mild conditions. This protocol features good functional group tolerance and high atom economy. Furthermore, this catalytic protocol is applicable to gram-scale synthesis of a naturally occurring alkaloid, (-)-Angustureine.
- Xu, Cong,Feng, Yu,Li, Faju,Han, Jiahong,He, Yan-Mei,Fan, Qing-Hua
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p. 3979 - 3990
(2019/11/14)
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- Iron-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of o-Nitrostyrenes Using Phenylsilane as the Terminal Reductant
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Using microscale high-throughput experimentation, an efficient, earth-abundant iron phenanthroline complex was discovered to catalyze the reductive cyclization of ortho-nitrostyrenes into indoles via nitrosoarene reactive intermediates. This method requires only 1 mol % of Fe(OAc)2 and 1 mol % of 4,7-(MeO)2phen and uses phenylsilane as a convenient terminal reductant. The scope and limitations of the method were illustrated with 21 examples, and an investigation into the kinetics of the reaction revealed first-order behavior in catalyst and silane and zero-order behavior with respect to nitrostyrene.
- Shevlin, Michael,Guan, Xinyu,Driver, Tom G.
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p. 5518 - 5522
(2017/08/17)
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- New telmisartan-derived PPARγ agonists: Impact of the 3D-binding mode on the pharmacological profile
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In previous studies, the 4′-((2-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid was identified as pharmacophoric core for PPARγ activation. In this structure-activity relationship study the C2-alkyl chain was elongated and the 2-COOH group was changed to a carbamide/carbonitrile or shifted to the 3- or 4-position. Furthermore, the benzo[d]imidazole was exchanged by 2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole or 1H-indole. C2-propyl derivatives showed the profile of partial agonists, while elongation of the C2-chain to that of an n-heptyl group or a 4-COOH shift changed the pharmacological profile to that of a potent full agonist. This finding can be explained by binding to the LBD in different ligand conformations. Two anchoring points (Tyr473 and Arg288) exist in the LBD, which have to be contacted to achieve receptor activation. In a crystal violet chemosensitivity assay using COS-7?cells and LNCaP cells expressing PPARγ only the carbamide derivatives influenced the cell growth, independently on the presence of the PPARγ. Therefore, receptor mediated cytotoxicity can be excluded.
- Obermoser, Victoria,Urban, Margarethe E.,Murgueitio, Manuela S.,Wolber, Gerhard,Kintscher, Ulrich,Gust, Ronald
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p. 138 - 152
(2016/08/30)
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- Asymmetric Assisted Tandem Catalysis: Hydroamination followed by Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Reaction from a Single Chiral N,N,N′,N′-Tetradentate Pyridylmethylamine-Based Ligand
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With the rising interest in asymmetric catalysis promoted by earth-abundant elements, a chiral ligand will undoubtedly be the most valuable unit of the catalyst. The first proof of concept of the use of a multitask chiral ligand in an asymmetric assisted
- Aillerie, Alexandre,Rodriguez-Ruiz, Violeta,Carlino, Romain,Bourdreux, Flavien,Guillot, Régis,Bezzenine-Lafollée, Sophie,Gil, Richard,Prim, Damien,Hannedouche, Jér?me
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p. 2455 - 2460
(2016/08/25)
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- NOVEL INDOLE DERIVATIVE COMPOUND AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME
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The present invention provides a novel indole derivative compound, an isomer thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof. The compound according to the present invention can selectively inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC), and thus can be used to effectively treat a disease associated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity.
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Paragraph 674-676
(2015/07/16)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Formation of N-Heteroarenes from Nitroarenes using Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl as the Source of Carbon Monoxide
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The development of a method that employs a two-chamber reaction vessel and uses molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] as the carbon monoxide (CO) source for the palladium-catalyzed transformation of nitroarenes into indoles or imidazoles is reported.
- Zhou, Fei,Wang, Duo-Sheng,Driver, Tom G.
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p. 3463 - 3468
(2016/01/25)
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- DIBENZOOXEPIN DERIVATIVE
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A dibenzoxepin derivative represented by the following general formula (I) wherein Y is a hydrogen atom and the like, RA is a hydrogen atom and the like, X is the formula (b3) wherein RB is a hydrogen atom and the like, and the like,
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Paragraph 0386
(2014/06/24)
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- Cycloisomerization of 2-alkynylanilines to indoles catalyzed by carbon-supported gold nanoparticles and subsequent homocoupling to 3,3′-biindoles
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Elevated by the support: 2-Alkynyl aniline cycloisomerization to indole is catalyzed by cationic Au NPs on a carbon support. Electroneutral and rich 2-aryl indoles are further converted into 3,3′-biindoles by oxidative homocoupling that is readily catalyzed by the Au NPs on carbon, and exclusively but also somewhat sluggishly by the carbon support. Copyright
- Perea-Buceta, Jesus E.,Wirtanen, Tom,Laukkanen, Otto-Ville,Maekelae, Mikko K.,Nieger, Martin,Melchionna, Michele,Huittinen, Nina,Lopez-Sanchez, Jose A.,Helaja, Juho
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supporting information
p. 11835 - 11839
(2013/11/19)
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- Cesium carbonate-promoted hydroamidation of alkynes: Enamides, indoles and the effect of iron(III) chloride
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A series of enamide derivatives was prepared by a simple procedure for the hydroamidation of alkynes with amides and sulfonamides. The use of such a mild base as cesium carbonate promotes the latter transformation, and the addition of catalytic amounts of iron(III) chloride has a beneficial effect in the outcome of some of the presented hydroamidation reactions. A range of indoles was also synthesized from ortho-alkynylanilides by both complementary procedures, which proved to be useful for the construction of the indolo[1,2-c]quinazoline tetracyclic system from an ortho-(2-aminophenylalkynyl)anilide. Copyright
- Herrero, Maria Teresa,De Sarralde, Jokin Diaz,Sanmartin, Raul,Bravo, Laura,Dominguez, Esther
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p. 3054 - 3064
(2013/01/15)
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- Catalyzed tandem C-N/C-C bond formation for the synthesis of tricyclic indoles using Ir(III) pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazolyl complexes
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A series of new pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazolyl N-N′ bidentate donor ligands (2a-c, 3a-d) were prepared via Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition reactions between 1-propargylpyrazoles and 4-substituted phenyl azides. The electron-withdrawing ability of the substituents follows the trend PhCH 2 3Ph 3Ph 2Ph, as illustrated in the gradual downfield shift of the 1,2,3-triazolyl-C4′ 13C NMR resonances. A series of Rh and Ir complexes containing these pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazolyl or bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane donor ligands of general formulae [Ir(N-N′)Cp*Cl]X (X = BAr F4, BPh4; 5-8), [Rh(N-N′)Cp*Cl]X (X = BArF4, BPh4; 9-11), and [Rh(N-N′)(CO) 2]BArF4 (13-16) (BArF4 = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) were synthesized and fully characterized. The solid-state structures of 5, 6a′, 6b, 7b, 8, 9, 10a, 10a′, 11, and 15c were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. As the electron-withdrawing strength of the phenylene substituent on the triazolyl ring is increased, the M-N3′(triazole) bond length becomes longer. The efficiency of these Rh and Ir complexes as catalysts for the synthesis of tricyclic indoles via tandem C-N and C-C bond formation reactions from 2-(hydroxyalk-1-ynyl)anilines (17S-20S) was assessed. The Ir(III) catalysts were the most efficient for the C-C bond formation step, and the Rh(I) complexes 13-16 were the most efficient catalysts for C-N bond formation, where TOFs >1000 h-1 were reached. However, the Ir(III) complexes 5-8 were found to be the only active catalysts for the tandem C-N and C-C bond formation, as the Rh(I) complexes were not active catalysts for the C-C bond formation step. The C-N bond formation leading to the formation of indoles was found to proceed via two reaction pathways with 2-(hydroxyalk-1-ynyl)aniline substrates: (a) hydroamination and (b) hydroalkoxylation-Lewis acid mediated isomerization. Pathway (b) is likely to be the main pathway in the formation of indoles starting with 2-(hydroxyalk-1-ynyl)aniline substrates 17S, 18S, and 20S.
- Wong, Chin Min,Vuong, Khuong Q.,Gatus, Mark R. D.,Hua, Carol,Bhadbhade, Mohan,Messerle, Barbara A.
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p. 7500 - 7510
(2013/01/15)
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- NOVEL COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to new CGRP-antagonists of general formula I wherein U, V, X, Y, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined as in the description, the tautomers, the isomers, the diastereomers, the enantiomers, the hydrates, the mixtures thereof and the salts thereof and the hydrates of the salts, particularly the physiologically acceptable salts thereof with inorganic or organic acids or bases, medicaments containing these compounds, their use and processes for preparing them.
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Page/Page column 45
(2011/02/18)
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- Ionic diamine rhodium complex catalyzed reductive N-heterocyclization of 2-nitrovinylarenes
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Ionic diamine rhodium complex (1) catalyzes the reductive N-cyclization of 2-vinylnitroarenes using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent to afford functionalized indoles. The catalytic system allows direct access to indoles with ester and ketone groups at the 2- or 3-position, in good yields.
- Okuro, Kazumi,Gurnham, Joanna,Alper, Howard
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4715 - 4720
(2011/07/08)
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- Domino sonogashira coupling/cyclization reaction catalyzed by copper and ppb levels of palladium: A concise route to indoles and benzo[b]furans
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Both indoles and benzo[b]furans can be obtained in high yield by the reactions of 2-iodoaniline derivatives and 2-iodophenols with terminal alkynes under mild conditions, namely in the presence of cuprous iodide (10-mol%) and a base in ethanol or 1,4-dioxane. Further investigation reveals that palladium contaminants as low as 100 ppb are responsible for these successful couplings. It is worth noting that simple aliphatic substituted terminal alkynes could be tolerated to smoothly produce indole and benzo[b]furan derivatives. Copyright
- Wang, Ruiping,Mo, Song,Lu, Yongzhong,Shen, Zengming
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 713 - 718
(2011/05/15)
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- Palladium-free zinc-mediated hydroamination of alkynes: efficient synthesis of indoles from 2-akynylaniline derivatives
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Reaction of 2-phenylethynyl N-tosylanilide prepared by Pd-free procedure with ZnBr2 (3 equiv) in refluxing toluene gave N-tosyl-2-phenylindole in 93% yield. Treatment of 2-phenylethynylaniline with ZnBr2 (1 equiv) in refluxing toluene resulted in the formation of 2-phenylindole in 91% yield. Catalytic ZnBr2 (0.05 equiv) effectively reacted with 2-alkynylanilines to afford 2-substituted indoles in high yields. Thus, complete Pd-free zinc catalyzed hydroamination of 2-alkynylanilines was achieved.
- Okuma, Kentaro,Seto, Jun-ichi,Sakaguchi, Ken-ichi,Ozaki, Saori,Nagahora, Noriyoshi,Shioji, Kosei
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2943 - 2945
(2009/07/26)
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- 3-(o-Trifluoroacetamidoaryl)-1-propargylic esters: common intermediates for the palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aminomethyl-, 2-vinylic, and 2-alkylindoles
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3-(o-Trifluoroacetamidoaryl)-1-propargylic esters have been used as common synthetic intermediates for the preparation of a variety of 3-unsubstituted 2-substituted indoles. Treating ethyl 3-(o-trifluoroacetamidoaryl)-1-propargylic carbonates unsubstituted or containing an aryl substituent at the propargylic carbon with piperazines and Pd(PPh3)4 in THF at 80 °C affords 2-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)indoles in excellent yields. Good to excellent yields of 2-aminomethylindoles are also obtained with other secondary amines. Ethyl 3-(o-trifluoroacetamidoaryl)-1-propargylic carbonates bearing an alkyl substituent at the propargylic carbon and ethyl 3-(o-trifluoroacetamidoaryl)-1-propargylic acetates disubstituted at the propargylic carbon give 2-vinylic indoles with the Pd(OAc)2/PPh3 combination and Et3N in THF at 80 °C. Formation of 2-vinylic indoles is quite stereoselective, generating trans vinylic derivatives, at least with the substrates that we have investigated. In the presence of formic acid, Et3N, and Pd(PPh3)4 in MeCN at 80 °C, ethyl 3-(o-trifluoroacetamidoaryl)-1-propargylic carbonates afford 2-alkylindoles in good to excellent yields.
- Ambrogio, Ilaria,Cacchi, Sandro,Fabrizi, Giancarlo,Prastaro, Alessandro
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scheme or table
p. 8916 - 8929
(2009/12/07)
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- Efficient synthesis of 2-mono and 2,3-disubstituted indoles via palladium-catalyzed oxidation of aminoalcohols
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Efficient synthesis of 2-mono- and 2,3-disubstituted indoles has been accomplished via palladium-catalyzed oxidation of aminoalcohols.
- Aoyagi, Yutaka,Shishikura, Masahiro,Mizusaki, Toshihiko,Komine, Takashi,Yoshinaga, Tokuji,Inaba, Haruko,Ohta, Akihiro,Takeya, Koichi
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p. 1055 - 1059
(2008/12/20)
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- 2-Alkylindoles via palladium-catalyzed reductive cyclization of ethyl 3-(o-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)-1-propargyl carbonates
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The reaction of ethyl 3-(o-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)-1-propargyl carbonates with formate anions in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 affords 2-alkylindoles in good to excellent yields.
- Ambrogio, Ilaria,Cacchi, Sandro,Fabrizi, Giancarlo
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p. 7721 - 7725
(2008/03/30)
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- 3-Bromo-4-(1H-3-indolyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-2,5-pyrroledione derivatives as new lead compounds for antibacterially active substances
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A number of new compounds containing 3-bromo-2,5-dihydro-1H-2,5- pyrroledione and indole substructures were found to have antibacterial activity against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and some other Gram positive bacte
- Mahboobi, Siavosh,Eichhorn, Emerich,Popp, Alfred,Sellmer, Andreas,Elz, Sigurd,Moellmann, Ute
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p. 176 - 191
(2007/10/03)
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- PYRAZOLO[3,4-c]QUINOLINES, PYRAZOLO[3,4-c]NAPHTHYRIDINES, ANALOGS THEREOF, AND METHODS
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Pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines, pyrazolo[4,5-c]naphthyridines, and analogs thereof, eg., 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines, and, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making these compounds, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inhibiting cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of diseases by inhibiting cytokine biosynthesis are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 76
(2008/06/13)
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- Chemistry of aminophenols. Part 1: Remarkable additive effect on Sonogashira cross-coupling of 2-carboxamidoaryl triflates and application to novel synthesis of indoles
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A novel and general synthesis of indoles has been established by utilizing 2-aminophenols as the starting materials. The key step is a modified Pd(0)-Cu(I)-catalyzed cross-coupling of 1-alkynes with 2-carboxamidoaryl triflates in the presence of n-Bu4NI as the additive. The 2-alkynylanilides obtained were subjected to an alkoxide-mediated cyclization to provide a number of indole containing compounds possessing substituents at the C2, C4, C5, and/or C6 position(s) in good overall yields.
- Dai, Wei-Min,Guo, Dian-Shun,Sun, Li-Ping
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p. 5275 - 5278
(2007/10/03)
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- Sulfanyl radical mediated cyclization of aminyl radicals
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1-(2-aminophenyl)pent-1-yne 1 reacted with benzenethiol at 150 °C under radical conditions to give the thiol/alkyne adduct 2, the benzothiophene 4 and the indole 5. Reaction of 1 with benzenesulfanyl radicals produced from diphenyl disulfide in the absence of hydrogen donors gave only the indole 5 in high yields. Formation of indole 5 was explained in terms of sulfanyl radical mediated aminyl radical cyclization onto the alkyne triple bond.
- Montevecchi, Pier Carlo,Navacchia, Maria Luisa
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p. 9077 - 9080
(2007/10/03)
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- High-affinity inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase: Antimicrobial and anticancer activities of 7,8-dialkyl-1,3-diaminopyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazolines with small molecular size
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A series of 7,8-dialkylpyrrolo[3,2-f]quinazolines were prepared as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). On the basis of an apparent inverse relationship between compound size and antifungal activity, the compounds were designed to be relatively small and compact. Inhibitor design was aided by a GRID analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Candida albicans DHFR, which suggested that relatively small, branched alkyl groups at the 7- and 8-positions of the pyrroloquinazoline ring system would provide optimal interactions with a hydrophobic region of the protein. The compounds were potent inhibitors of fungal and human DHFR, with K(i) values as low as 7.1 and 0.1 pM, respectively, and were highly active against C. albicans and an array of tumor cell lines. In contrast to known lipophilic inhibitors of DHFR such as trimetrexate and piritrexim, members of this series of pyrroloquinazolines were not susceptible to P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance and also showed significant distribution into lung and brain tissue. The compounds were active in lung and brain tumor models and displayed in vivo activity against Pneumocystis carinii and C. albicans.
- Kuyper, Lee F.,Baccanari, David P.,Jones, Michael L.,Hunter, Robert N.,Tansik, Robert L.,Joyner, Suzanne S.,Boytos, Christine M.,Rudolph, Sharon K.,Knick, Vince,Wilson, H. Robert,Caddell, J. Marc,Friedman, Henry S.,Comley, John C. W.,Stables, Jeremy N.
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p. 892 - 903
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of 2-alkylindoles via sulfones
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Elaboration of carbanions generated from 1-phenylsulfonyl-2(phenylsulfonylmethyl)indole derivatives followed by removal of the C-phenylsulfonyl group by Raney nickel affords 2-alkylindoles.
- Sadanandan,Srinivasan
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p. 648 - 650
(2007/10/02)
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- 3,5- And 5,5-bis(3-indolyl)-2-(5H)furanones
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Mono-, bis- and tris-indolyl-substituted furanones useful as color formers, particularly in carbonless duplicating and thermal marking systems, which are prepared respectively by: the interaction of an indole with mucochloric acid; the interaction of an indole with a 4-mono(indolyl-substituted 4-oxo-2-butenoic acid; and by the interaction of an indole with a 2,4-bis(indolyl)-substituted 4-oxobutanoic acid or with a 3,5-bis(indolyl)-substituted furanone.
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- Synthesis of Substituted Indoles via Meerwein Arylation
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A new method for the synthesis of substituted indoles is detailed.Meerwein arylation of 4- and 6-substituted 2-nitrobenzenediazonium chlorides with vinyl acetate or vinyl bromide and subsequent reductive cyclization of the resulting adducts affords the corresponding 6- and 4-substituted (CH3, OCH3, Cl, Br, CF3) indoles.The diazonium bisulfates of weakly basic 2-nitroanilines (4-Cl, 6-Br, 4-CF3) gave higher yields of Meerwein arylation adducts than the corresponding diazonium chlorides.Coupling of 2-nitrobenzenediazonium chloride with 2-acetoxy-1-alkenes followed byreductive cyclization affords 2-alkylindoles.
- Raucher, Stanley,Koolpe, Gary A.
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p. 2066 - 2069
(2007/10/02)
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- Diphenylamino and indolyl substituted pyromellitides
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This invention relates to 3,7-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)-3,7-bis(diphenylamino)pyromellitides, 3,5-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)-3,5-bis(diphenylamino)pyromellitides and mixtures thereof useful as color formers, particularly in carbonless duplicating and thermal marking systems, which are prepared by the interaction of 2,5-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)carbonyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acids or 2,4-bis(disubstituted aminophenyl- or indolyl)carbonyl-1,5-benzenedicarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof with diphenylamines.
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- Indolyl phthalide compounds
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3-Aryl-3-indolylphthalides, 3-aryl-3-pyrrolylphthalides and 3-aryl-3-carbazolylphthalides prepared by interaction of the appropriate 2-(heteroaryl)carbonylbenzoic acid and the appropriate phenylamine, and 3,3-bis(indolyl)phthalides prepared by the interaction of the appropriate 2-(indolyl)carbonylbenzoic acid and the appropriate indole are useful as color formers in pressure-sensitive carbonless duplicating systems, thermal marking systems and hectographic copying systems.
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- Novel compounds, processes and marking systems
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Mono and bis substituted (arylsulfonyl)alkanes useful as color formers, particularly in carbonless duplicating and thermal marking systems, are prepared by the interaction of the appropriate aldehyde or dialdehyde with the appropriate aryl or heterocyclic moiety and the appropriate phenylsulfinic acid in the presence of a catalyst.
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- Heteroarylphthalides
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3-Aryl-3-indolylphthalides, 3-aryl-3-pyrrolylphthalides and 3-aryl-3-carbazolylphthalides prepared by interaction of the appropriate 2-(heteroaryl)carbonylbenzoic acid and the appropriate phenylamine, and 3,3-bis(indolyl)-phthalides prepared by the interaction of the appropriate 2-(indolyl)carbonylbenzoic acid and the appropriate indole are useful as color formers in pressure-sensitive carbonless duplicating systems, thermal marking systems and hectographic copying systems.
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- Phthalide compounds, processes and marking systems
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3-Aryl-3-indolylphthalides, 3-aryl-3-pyrrolylphthalides and 3-aryl-3-carbazolylphthalides prepared by interaction of the appropriate 2-(heteroaryl)carbonylbenzoic acid and the appropriate phenylamine, and 3,3-bis(indolyl)phthalides prepared by the interaction of the appropriate 2-(indolyl)carbonylbenzoic acid and the appropriate indole are useful as color formers in pressure-sensitive carbonless duplicating systems, thermal marking systems and hectographic copying systems.
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- 3,5-Bis (indolyl)-5-(indolyl)-2(5H)-furanones
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Mono-, bis- and tris-indolyl-substituted furanones useful as color formers, particularly in carbonless duplicating and thermal marking systems, which are prepared respectively by: the interaction of an indole with mucochloric acid; the interaction of an indole with a 4-mono(indolyl)-substituted 4-oxo-2-butenoic acid; and by the interaction of an indole with a 2,4-bis(indolyl)-substituted 4-oxobutanoic acid or with a 3,5-bis(indolyl)-substituted furanone.
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