- Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel imidazo[4, 5-b]pyridine derivatives
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A series of novel imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives were synthesized and their structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The results of bioassays showed that some compounds exhibit good fungicidal activity against Puccinia polysora In particular, compound 7b showed an EC50 value of 4.00 mg/L, which was comparable with that of tebuconazole. Besides, preliminary structure-activity relationship was discussed.
- Wu, Daoxin,Liu, Minhua,Li, Zhong,Dang, Mingming,Liu, Xingping,Li, Jianming,Huang, Lu,Ren, Yeguo,Zhang, Zai,Liu, Weidong,Liu, Aiping
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- Palladium(II)-catalyzed, heteroatom-directed, regioselective C-H nitration of anilines using pyrimidine as a removable directing group
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A new palladium-catalyzed, heteroatom-directed strategy for C-H nitration of anilines is described. This C-H functionalization reaction is highly ortho-selective and results in very good yields. The highlight of the work is the use of pyrimidine as the removable directing group. This approach constitutes one of the rare methods of ortho-nitration of anilines, a reaction that is normally very difficult to achieve via traditional approaches.
- Pawar, Govind Goroba,Brahmanandan, Abhilashamole,Kapur, Manmohan
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p. 448 - 451
(2016/02/18)
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- Conformationally restricted dynamic supramolecular catalysts for substrate-selective epoxidations
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A second generation of a substrate-selective dynamic supramolecular catalytic system consisting of a catalyst part and a receptor part, connected by a hydrogen-bonding motif, has been realized based on rational design. The results from analyses of the equilibrium mixture of the species generated by the components of the first generation system led us to selectively lock the cisoid conformation of the catalyst part to increase the amount of the substrate-selective catalytic cavity in the equilibrium mixture. This was realized by strapping the catalyst part by organic synthesis. This strapping led to an increase in substrate selectivity in the pair-wise competitive epoxidations of pyridyl- vs. phenyl-appended styrenes and pyridyl- vs. phenyl-appended stilbenes of both Z- and E- configuration compared to the first generation system, reaching 3.4:1 as the highest substrate selectivity for Z-mono-pyridyl-stilbene (27a) vs. the corresponding all-carbon analogue (28a) and for E-dipyridyl-stilbene (26b) vs. the corresponding all-carbon analogue (28b), respectively.
- Sheibani, Esmaeil,Waernmark, Kenneth
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experimental part
p. 2059 - 2067
(2012/04/23)
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- Synthesis of atropisomeric 5,5′-linked biphenyl bisaminophosphine ligands and their applications in asymmetric catalysis
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Atropisomeric 5,5′-linked biphenyl bisaminophosphine ligands 2 has been synthesized. The axial chirality of this type of ligands can be retained by macro-ring strain produced from 5,5′-linkage of biphenyl even without 6,6′-substituents on biphenyls. The Rh complex of bisaminophosphine 2a as a catalyst is effectively working in the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl (Z)-2-acetamido-3-arylacrylates, however, for hydrogenation of arylenamide, the low enantioselectivity was observed. When the ligands applied to Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation, it is found that ligand 2b having a longer backbone linkage is a better ligand for enantioselection in the reaction.
- Zhang, Yong Jian,Wei, Hao,Zhang, Wanbin
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experimental part
p. 1281 - 1286
(2009/04/18)
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- Triazole Derivatives
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Novel triazole derivatives are inhibitors of TGF-beta receptor I kinase, and can be employed, inter alia, for the treatment of tumours.
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Page/Page column 37
(2009/01/20)
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- Highly chemoselective nitration of aromatic amines using the Ph3P/Br2/AgNO3 system
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The use of PPh3/Br2/AgNO3 provides a new reagent system for the novel and highly chemoselective nitration of aromatic amines under mild reaction conditions.
- Iranpoor, Nasser,Firouzabadi, Habib,Nowrouzi, Najmeh,Firouzabadi, Dena
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p. 6879 - 6881
(2007/10/03)
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- Benzotriazine inhibitors of kinases
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The invention provides benzotriazine compounds having formula (I). The benzotriazine compounds of the invention are capable of inhibiting kinases, such members of the Src kinase family, and various other specific receptor and non-receptor kinases.
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Page/Page column 90
(2008/06/13)
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- Process for preparing isomerically pure prodrugs of proton pump inhibitors
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Synthetic methods for preparing isomerically pure N-arylsulfonyl derivatives of proton pump inhibitors which include a substituted benzimidazole nucleus are shown by the synthetic schemes and experimental description.
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Page/Page column 26
(2010/02/10)
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- A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach toward the Development of Optimized Luminescent Carbostyrils
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The synthesis and photophysical data of new carbostyrils (quinoline-2(1H)-ones) with the longest hitherto observed absorption- and emission wavelengths are described. Introduction of 6-amino, 7-MeO, and 4-(CF3) substituents enabled us to rise the absorption and fluorescence maxima up to 414 and 557 nm, respectively. Supported by semi-empirical and ab initio calculations, the 6,7-(1,4-diazine)-fused carbostyril 23b displayed absorption maxima at up to 440 nm, with quantum yields of up to 0.9 and large Stokes shifts (> 100 nm), comparable to the best coumarin chromophores known. The new fluorophore is neither pH-sensitive between pH 6 and 10 nor susceptible to O2 quenching. At pH 3, the emitted light appears greenish-white, which arises from three different stages of protonation.
- Strohmeier, Gernot A.,Fabian, Walter M. F.,Uray, Georg
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p. 215 - 226
(2007/10/03)
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- Benzoazine mono-N-oxides and benzoazine 1,4 dioxides and compositions therefrom for the therapeutic use in cancer treatments
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The present invention relates to a synergetistic composition comprising one or more benzoazine-mono-N-oxides, and one or more benzoazine 1,4 dioxides for use in cancer therapy. The invention also provides a range of novel 1,2,4 benzoazine-mono-N-oxides and related analogues. These can be used as potentiators of the cytotoxicity of existing anticancer drugs and therapies for cancer treatment.
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Page/Page column 24; 47
(2010/02/08)
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- Structure-activity relationships of 1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxides as hypoxia-selective analogues of tirapazamine
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Tirapazamine (TPZ, 1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-amine 1,4-dioxide) is a bioreductive hypoxic cytotoxin currently in Phase II/III clinical trials in combination with radiotherapy and with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. As part of a program to develop TPZ analogues with improved solubility/potency and therapeutic indices, we synthesized 34 1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-amine 1,4-dioxides (BTO) to examine structure-activity relationships (SAR) for ring substitution. The electronic, hydrophobic, and steric parameters of substituents at the 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-positions were systematically varied, and the aqueous solubility and one-electron reduction potentials [E(1)] of the analogues were determined. For each compound, we determined cell killing of mouse SCCVII tumor cells in vitro under aerobic and hypoxic conditions by clonogenic survival and determined their relative hypoxic toxicity (RHT; relative to TPZ) and hypoxic cytotoxicity ratio (HCR). A subset of compounds was independently evaluated using a 96-well SRB proliferation assay, the data from which correlated well with that derived by the clonogenic endpoint. Most substituents, except 5- and 8-dimethylamino and 8-diethylamino, gave analogues less soluble than TPZ. E(1) values ranged from -240 mV through -670 mV (with TPZ having a value of -456 mV) and correlated well with the electronic parameter σ for substituents at the 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-positions. Aerobic cytotoxic potency showed a strong positive correlation with E(1) (i.e., electron-withdrawing substituents increased aerobic toxicity). Hypoxic cytotoxicity also generally increased with increasing E(1), with a maximum (RHT up to 3.9-fold) seen in halo- and trifluoromethyl-substituted BTO derivatives having E(1) between ca. -370 to -400 mV. Analogues with high HCRs (>50) all had E(1)s in the range -450 to -510 mV (weakly electron-donating substituents) with the exception of the 8-CF3 analogue, which had an HCR of 112 against SCCVII despite a high E(1) of -372 mV). The results suggest that ring-A substituents in BTO analogues can be used to predictably vary one-electron reduction potentials and also provide a much better definition than previously of the optimum range of these reduction potentials for a desirable biological activity profile (high HCR, RHT, and solubility).
- Hay, Michael P.,Gamage, Swarna A.,Kovacs, Mary S.,Pruijn, Frederik B.,Anderson, Robert F.,Patterson, Adam V.,Wilson, William R.,Brown, J. Martin,Denny, William A.
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p. 169 - 182
(2007/10/03)
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- Intermediates for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives and a process for the preparation thereof
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This invention provides a process for the preparation of a benzimidazole derivative (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 1wherein R1 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxyl, etc., R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, and R3 is hydrogen or a protecting group, which exhibits excellent hyopoglycemic action, said process comprising condensation of an amine derivative (III) with a carboxylic acid derivatives (II) to afford a compound (IV), followed by cyclization of compound (IV) in the presence of an acid.
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- INTERMEDIATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BENZIMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF
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This invention provides a process for the preparation of a benzimidazole derivative (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein R1is C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxyl, etc., R2is C1-C6alkyl, and R3is hydrogen or a protecting group, which exhibits excellent hypoglycemic action, said process comprising condensation of an amine derivative (III) with a carboxylic acid derivatives (II) to afford a compound (IV), followed by cyclization of compound (IV) in the presence of an acid.
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- A convenient copper-catalyzed direct animation of nitroarenes with 9-alkylhydroxylamines
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O-Alkylhydroxylamines, particularly O-methylhydroxylamine, aminate nitroarenes in the presence of a strong base and a copper catalyst to give aminonitroarenes in good yields, ortho- or para-Animation with respect to the nitro group takes place, and in some cases the ortho-aminated product is preferentially obtained. With 3-substituted nitrobenzenes where the substituent has a lone pair of electrons, preferential amination occurs at the 2-position to give the sterically most congested 3c-f, 14 and 22g.
- Seko, Shinzo,Miyake, Kunihito,Kavvamura, Norio
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p. 1437 - 1444
(2007/10/03)
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- Benzimidazole derivatives, their preparation and their therapeutic use
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Compounds of formula (I): STR1 [wherein: X represents an optionally substituted benzimidazole group; Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom; Z represents a 2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidenylmethyl, 2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl, 2,4-dioxooxazolidin-5-ylmethyl, 3,5-dioxooxadiazolidin-2-ylmethyl or N-hydroxyureidomethlyl group; R represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino or aralkyl; and m is an integer from 1 to 5]; have valuable activity for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a variety of disorders, including one or more of: hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), insulin resistance and diabetic complications.
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- Treatment of arteriosclerosis and xanthoma
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A combination of one or more HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (for example pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, rivastatin or atorvastatin) with one or more insulin sensitizers (for example troglitazone, pioglitazone, englitazone, BRL-49653, 5-(4-{2-?1-(4-2'-pyridylphenyl)ethylideneaminooxy!-ethoxy}benzyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione, 5-{4-(5-methoxy-3-methylimidazo?5,4-b!pyridin-2-yl-methoxy)benzyl}thiazolidine-2,4-dione or its hydrochloride, 5-?4-(6-methoxy-l-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethoxy)benzyl!thiazolidine-2,4-dione, 5-?4-(l-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethoxy)benzyl!-thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 5-?4-(5-hydroxy-1,4,6,7-tetramethylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethoxy) benzyllthiazolidine-2,4-dione) exhibits a synergistic effect and is significantly better at preventing and/or treating arteriosclerosis and/or xanthoma than is either of the components of the combination alone.
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- Nitroarylamines via the Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen: Amination, Alkylamination, and Arylamination of Nitroarenes with Sulfenamides
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A new reaction of sulfenamides with electrophilic arenes under basic conditions is described. The σ adducts formed from nitroarenes and the anions of sulfenamides undergo elimination of thiol to produce the corresponding o- and/or p-nitroanilines. This reaction is analogous to the known alkylation and hydroxylation of nitroarenes via the vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (VNS). The reaction gives access to a wide range of substituted nitroanilines, nitronaphthylamines, and aminoheterocycles. By means of the reaction with N-alkyl- and N-arylsulfenamides, it is possible to obtain N-alkylnitroanilines and nitrodiarylamines. By varying the structure of sulfenamide and the reaction conditions, particularly the nature and concentration of the base, it is possible to control the orientation of animation.
- Makosza, Mieczyslaw,Bialecki, Maciej
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p. 4878 - 4888
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of isomeric analogues of coenzyme pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
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Three isomeric analogues 2-4 of the redox-active coenzyme 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid (1, PQQ, methoxatin) were synthesized from methoxynitroanilines 8, 9 and 10a, respectively. Reaction of the diazonium salts of each of the starting compounds with ethyl α-methylacetoacetate gave the corresponding substituted phenylhydrazones of ethyl pyruvate. These intermediates underwent acid-catalyzed Fischer indolization and gave the esters 13, 17 and 25, respectively. Reduction to the corresponding aminoindoles with hydrogen over Pd/C, followed by Doebner-von Miller quinoline synthesis with dimethyl trans-2-ketoglutaconate, oxidation of the intermediate methoxy compound to the o-quinone, and hydrolysis of triester products gave 2, 3, and 4, respectively. These isomers will serve as authentic examples to define their possible formation in nature and will also serve as isosteric probes to define the binding of PQQ at active sites in PQQ-requiring quinoproteins.
- Zhang,Zhang, Zhoupeng,Tillekeratne,Hudson,Hudson, Richard A.
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p. 377 - 382
(2007/10/03)
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- Benzimidazole derivatives, their preparation and their therapeutic use
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Compounds of formula (I): [in which: X represents an optionally substituted benzimidazole group; Y represents an oxygen or sulphur atom; Z represents a 2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidenylmethyl, 2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl, 2,4-dioxo-oxazolidin-5-ylmethyl, 3,5-dioxooxadiazolidin-2-ylmethyl or N-hydroxyureidomethyl group; R represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino or aralkyl; and mis an integer from 1 to 5]; have valuable activity for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a variety of disorders, including one or more of: hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), insulin resistance and diabetic complications.
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- Biphenyl-substituted guanidine derivatives useful as hypoglycaemic agents
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Compounds of formula I STR1 and their salts in which R1 is optionally substituted phenyl, R2 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or optionally substituted amino, or R2 and R3 together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring and R5 is H, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or a group of formula S(O)m R8 in which m is 0, 1 or 2 and R8 is alkyl have utility in the treatment of diabetes particularly in the treatment of hyperglycaemia.
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- Benzimidazolinone derivatives
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Benzimidazolinone derivatives of the general formula (I): STR1 wherein R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a lower alkyl, halo-lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, cyano, carboxyl, a lower alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, nitro or nitrogen-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group; A is an ethylene group which may optionally have at least one branch; R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, each is a lower alkyl group or R4 and R5, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, represent a pyrrolidinyl, piperidino or a morpholino group provided that when STR2 is a piperidino or diethylamino group, at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is other than a hydrogen atom, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, methods of producing the same and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same are disclosed. Pharmacologically, the above compounds (I) have pulmonary surfactant secretion promoting activity.
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