- 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition: Free catalytic synthesis and esophageal cancer activity of new 1,2,3-triazole-oxydianiline-maleimide hybrids
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A new series of 1,2,3-triazole-oxydianiline-maleimide hybrids 12-15 was synthesized by using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of N-Arylmaleimides 6-9 with 4,4'-oxybis(azidobenzene) 11 under an efficient and free catalytic reaction. All the newly synthesized hybrids were characterized by their 1H NMR, F-TIR, Mass spectral data and melting points. The cytotoxic activities (in vitro) of selected hybrids against esophageal cancer of human cell line (SKG) were evaluated by MTT assay. Among them, hybrid 13 exhibited a potent inhibition activity with the IC50 value of 1.61±0.01 μM against esophageal cancer cell (SKG). Cellular mechanism investigations in esophageal carcinoma cells (SKG) elucidated that hybrid 13 inhibited cell growths in vitro and arrested cell cycle at an environmental phase. These results revealed that hybrid 13 holds a promising anticancer agent with the enhancement of further clinical applications in drug discovery field.
- Mohammed, Mohammed K.,Almashal, Faeza A.,Jassem, Ahmed M.
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- Application of maleimide compound as chitin synthase inhibitor
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The invention discloses an application of a maleimide compound as shown in a formula I. In the formula I, R0 is phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, phenylpropyl, p-fluorophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-bromophenyl,p-methoxyphenyl, p-methylphenyl or p-hydroxyphenyl, R1 is hydrogen, methyl, phenyl or chlorine; and R2 is hydrogen, methyl, phenyl or chlorine. The provided maleimide compound has a good inhibition effect on chitin synthase.
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Paragraph 0120-0123; 0132-0135
(2020/07/12)
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- Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel ethanoanthracenes and related compounds to target burkitt’s lymphoma
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Lymphomas (cancers of the lymphatic system) account for 12% of malignant diseases worldwide. Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in which the cancer starts in the immune B-cells. We report the synthesis and preliminary studies on the antiproliferative activity of a library of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene based compounds structurally related to the antidepressant drug maprotiline against BL cell lines MUTU-1 and DG- 75. Structural modifications were achieved by Diels-Alder reaction of the core 9-(2- nitrovinyl)anthracene with number of dienophiles including maleic anhydride, maleimides, acrylonitrile and benzyne. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was evaluated in BL cell lines EBV? MUTU-1 and EBV+ DG-75 (chemoresistant). The most potent compounds 13j, 15, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d and 19a displayed IC50 values in the range 0.17–0.38 μM against the BL cell line EBV? MUTU-1 and IC50 values in the range 0.45–0.78 μM against the chemoresistant BL cell line EBV+ DG- 75. Compounds 15, 16b and 16c demonstrated potent ROS dependent apoptotic effects on the BL cell lines which were superior to the control drug taxol and showed minimal cytotoxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results suggest that this class of compounds merits further investigation as antiproliferative agents for BL.
- Byrne, Andrew J.,Bright, Sandra A.,McKeown, James P.,O’brien, John E.,Twamley, Brendan,Fayne, Darren,Williams, D. Clive,Meegan, Mary J.
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- The discovery, design and synthesis of potent agonists of adenylyl cyclase type 2 by virtual screening combining biological evaluation
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Adenylate cyclases (ACs), play a critical role in the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Studies have indicated that adenylyl cyclase type 2 (AC2) is potential drug target for many diseases, however, up to now, there is no AC2-selective agonist reported. In this research, docking-based virtual screening with the combination of cell-based biological assays have been performed for discovering novel potent and selective AC2 agonists. Virtual screening disclosed a novel hit compound 8 as an AC2 agonist with EC50 value of 8.10 μM on recombinant human hAC2 + HEK293 cells. The SAR (structure activity relationship) based on the derivatives of compound 8 was further explored on recombinant AC2 cells and compound 73 was found to be the most active agonist with the EC50 of 90 nM, which is 160-fold more potent than the reported agonist Forskolin and could selectively activate AC2 to inhibit the expression of Interleukin-6. The discovery of a new class of AC2-selective agonists would provide a novel chemical probe to study the physiological function of AC2.
- Li, Shanshan,Song, Gao,Wang, Liang-Liang,Weng, Zhiying,Xu, Guowei,Yang, Weimin,Yang, Yanming,Yang, Yaqing,Zhang, Jiajun,Zuo, Zhili
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supporting information
(2020/02/27)
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- Room-Temperature Synthesis of Isoindolone Spirosuccinimides: Merger of Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Activation
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A room-temperature C-H bond functionalization of benzamides has been developed by merging a photocatalyst with a cobalt catalyst for the synthesis of isoindolone spirosuccinimides. The reaction proceeds in aerobic conditions and does not require any sacrificial external oxidants such as Ag(I) or Mn(III) salts. Visible light activates the photocatalyst, and it acts as an electron-transfer reagent and helps in the fundamental organometallic steps by modulating the oxidation state of the cobalt complex. This C-H bond functionalization and spirocyclization showed wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed from the experimental outcome, showing that C-H bond activation is irreversible and not the rate-determining step.
- Sen, Chiranjit,Sarvaiya, Bhavesh,Sarkar, Souvik,Ghosh, Subhash Chandra
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p. 15287 - 15304
(2020/12/02)
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- Regioselective hydroarylation and arylation of maleimides with indazoles: Via a Rh(iii)-catalyzed C-H activation
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Switchable Rh(iii)-catalyzed highly regioselective hydroarylation and oxidative arylation of maleimides with 2-arylindazoles via C-H activation have been demonstrated. The reaction affords 3-(2-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenyl)succinimide and 3-(2-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenyl)maleimide derivatives in high yields with wide functional group tolerance. A mechanistic study was performed to depict C-H bond cleavage that might be involved in the turnover limiting step.
- Ghosh, Asim Kumar,Samanta, Sadhanendu,Ghosh, Payel,Neogi, Sukanya,Hajra, Alakananda
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supporting information
p. 3093 - 3097
(2020/05/08)
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- Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoindolinones via a Metal-Free Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reaction
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A metal-free dehydrogenative Diels-Alder reaction of substituted alkenes for the synthesis of tetrahydroisoindolinones has been exploited for the first time. This new method features functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope, providing an efficient access to biologically active tetrahydroisoindolinone skeletons with endo steroselectivity in good to excellent yields. (Figure presented.).
- Xu, Wen-Lei,Tang, Lei,Ge, Chen-Yu,Chen, Jie,Zhou, Ling
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p. 2268 - 2273
(2019/04/10)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzylidene-succinimide derivatives as noncytotoxic antiangiogenic inhibitors with anticolorectal cancer activity in vivo
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A novel series of benzylidene-succinimide derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against HCT116, and SW480 cancer cells and NCM460 normal human cells. Their antiangiogenic capabilities were evaluated using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The compound, XCF-37b, was selected as the most potent antiangiogenic inhibitor with noncytotoxicity to evaluate the pharmacological effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that XCF-37b inhibited HT29-cell colon tumor growth in vivo, without showing cytotoxicity against the five other cancer cell lines in vitro. Experiments confirmed that XCF-37b had obvious antiangiogenic activity by HUVEC migration and invasion and rat aortic ring angiogenesis ex vivo. Mechanism studies showed that XCF-37b inhibited the AKT/mTOR and VEGFR2 signaling pathways, as evidenced by decreased expressions of phosphor-AKT (p-AKT), p-mTOR, p-VEGFR2 (Tyr175), p-Src (Tyr416), p-FAK (Tyr925), and p-Erk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204). Moreover, XCF-37b significantly decreased the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). XCF-37b generally regulated angiogenic inhibition through several regulatory pathways, without significantly interfering with colorectal cancer cell growth.
- Luo, Kaixiu,Bao, Yafeng,Liu, Feifei,Xiao, Chuanfan,Li, Ke,Zhang, Conghai,Huang, Rong,Lin, Jun,Zhang, Jihong,Jin, Yi
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p. 805 - 827
(2019/07/10)
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- Nickel(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin as an Efficient Photocatalyst Featuring Visible Light Promoted Dual Redox Activities
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Nickel(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) is presented as a robust, cost-effective and efficient visible light induced photoredox catalyst. The ground state electrochemical data (CV) and electronic absorption (UV-Vis) spectra reveal the excited state redox potentials for [NiTPP]*/[NiTPP].? and NiTPP].+/[NiTPP]* couples as +1.17 V and ?1.57 V vs SCE respectively. The potential values represent NiTPP as a more potent photocatalyst compare to the well-explored [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The non-precious photocatalyst exhibits excited state redox reactions in dual fashions, i. e., it is capable of undergoing both oxidative as well as reductive quenching pathways. Such versatility of a photocatalyst based on first-row transition metals is very scarce. This unique phenomenon allows one to perform diverse types of redox reactions by employing a single catalyst. Two different sets of chemical reactions have been performed to represent the synthetic utility. The catalyst showed superior efficiency in both carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. Thus, we believe that NiTPP is a valuable addition to the photocatalyst library and this study will lead to more practical synthetic applications of earth-abundant-metal-based photoredox catalysts. (Figure presented.).
- Mandal, Tanumoy,Das, Sanju,De Sarkar, Suman
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supporting information
p. 3200 - 3209
(2019/05/16)
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- Iron(III) Chloride/Phenylsilane-Mediated Cascade Reaction of Allyl Alcohols with Maleimides: Synthesis of Poly-Substituted γ-Butyrolactones
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A iron-catalyzed free radical cascade reaction of allyl alcohols with N-substituted maleimides for accessing poly-substituted γ-butyrolactones has been developed. In this protocol, various allyl alcohols can open N-substituted maleimide rings to form allyl ester intermediates, and the allyl ester intermediates can be converted into an allyl ester alkyl radicals and undergo intramolecular free radical addition cyclization to form a polysubstituted γ-butyrolactones. In this protocol, spiro γ-butyrolactone compounds can be also synthesized. Meanwhile, the strategy could be applied to further construct a fully substituted tetrahydrofuran. The reaction is not sensitive to oxygen or moisture and has been performed on gram-scale. (Figure presented.).
- Zhang, Hua,Zhan, Xiao-Yu,Chen, Xu-Ling,Tang, Lei,He, Shuai,Shi, Zhi-Chuan,Wang, Yu,Wang, Ji-Yu
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supporting information
p. 4919 - 4925
(2019/11/03)
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- Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Spiro[oxindole-isoxazolidine] Derivatives as Potent Antioxidants
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The antioxidant activity of isatin derivatives can be described with the presence of enolic hydroxyl group at the second position of the ring because of the keto-enol tautomerism between NH and C O groups of indolone moiety. The reducing ability of the tested compounds was evaluated by their interaction with the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) at various concentrations. Novel spiro[oxindole-isoxazolidine] derivatives (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i) have been synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of variously substituted maleimides (1) with isatin ketonitrone (3) and tested for their in vitro antioxidant potency in the DPPH assay. All the synthesized compounds have been identified as potent in vitro antioxidants.
- Kaur, Manpreet,Singh, Baldev,Singh, Baljit,Arjuna, Anania
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p. 1348 - 1354
(2017/03/27)
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- SPIROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING SPIRO[INDOLYL-3,1'-PYRROLO[3,4-C]PYRROLE] CORE AND SULPHUR-CONTAINING AMINO ACID RESIDUES
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The present invention relates to spirocyclic compounds on the basis of 2-oxindole derivatives containing a spiro[indolyl-3,1′-pyrrolo[3,4-c]-pyrrole] core and biogenic sulphur-containing amino acid residues, which display a glucocorticoid-mimicking action
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Paragraph 0081
(2016/10/31)
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- A Synthetic Replicator Drives a Propagating Reaction-Diffusion Front
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A simple synthetic autocatalytic replicator is capable of establishing and driving the propagation of a reaction-diffusion front within a 50 μL syringe. This replicator templates its own synthesis through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between a nit
- Bottero, Ilaria,Huck, Jürgen,Kosikova, Tamara,Philp, Douglas
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p. 6723 - 6726
(2016/06/15)
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- A reactive nitrone-based organogel that self-assembles from its constituents in chloroform
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The reversible reaction of an aldehyde with a hydroxylamine affords a nitrone which is capable of forming a stiff gel with chloroform at concentrations as low as 0.20 wt% (6 mM). The gelator forms dynamically from its constituents and the gel assembly can be degraded in a controlled manner through a recognition-mediated reaction that targets the nitrone component of the gel network.
- Richards, Josh E.,Philp, Douglas
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supporting information
p. 4995 - 4998
(2016/04/19)
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- Pyrazole-type N-p-methylphenyl maleimide derivative with chromone structure, and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses 3-(6-bromine-4-oxygen-4H-chromone)-1-phenyl-5-p-methylphenyl-1, 6a-dihydrogen pyrroline [3, 4-c] pyrazole-4, 6 (3aH, 5H)-diketone, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, a chromone st
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Paragraph 0030; 0031
(2017/02/09)
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- Radical-mediated dehydrative preparation of cyclic imides using (NH4)2S2O8-DMSO: Application to the synthesis of vernakalant
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Ammonium persulfate-dimethyl sulfoxide (APS-DMSO) has been developed as an efficient and new dehydrating reagent for a convenient one-pot process for the synthesis of miscellaneous cyclic imides in high yields starting from readily available primary amines and cyclic anhydrides. A plausible radical mechanism involving DMSO has been proposed. The application of this facile one-pot imide forming process has been demonstrated for a practical synthesis of vernakalant.
- Garad, Dnyaneshwar N.,Tanpure, Subhash D.,Mhaske, Santosh B.
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supporting information
p. 1008 - 1016
(2015/08/18)
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- Visible light mediated cyclization of tertiary anilines with maleimides using nickel(II) oxide surface-modified titanium dioxide catalyst
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Surface-modified titanium dioxides by highly dispersed NiO particles have an extended absorption in the visible light region and a reduced hole-electron pair recombination than unmodified TiO2. They have now been successfully applied as highly active heterogeneous photocatalysts in the visible light mediated direct cyclization of tertiary anilines with maleimides to give tetrahydroquinoline products in moderate to high yields at ambient temperature. In contrast with unmodified titanium dioxide catalysts that are conventionally used in a stoichiometric amount in combination with UVA light, only a catalytic amount (1 mol %) of the surface-modified TiO2 catalyst is needed along with visible light to efficiently catalyze the reaction. Compared with transition-metal complexes such as Ru(bpy)3Cl2 or Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)PF6, advantages of these surface-modified titanium dioxides as photocatalyst include high catalytic activity, low cost, ease of recovering, and being able to be used for at least nine times without significant decay of catalytic activity.
- Tang, Jian,Grampp, Günter,Liu, Yun,Wang, Bing-Xiang,Tao, Fei-Fei,Wang, Li-Jun,Liang, Xue-Zheng,Xiao, Hui-Quan,Shen, Yong-Miao
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supporting information
p. 2724 - 2732
(2015/03/18)
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- 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions leading to the synthesis of new 2,3,5-triaryl-4h,2,3,3a,5,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-d]isoxazole-4,6-diones
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Cycloaddition of C,N-diphenylnitrones 1 to N-aryl maleimides 2 afforded two diastereomeric isoxazolidines with high selectivity. The structure and steric configuration of the adducts have been assigned on the basis of 1H NMR, 1H NMR COSY, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The π-π stacking interactions between maleimide's and nitrone's aromatic rings during the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition were assumed to control the exo-endo selectivity of the reaction. Thus, the exo-endo ratio depends upon the position of the substituent present on the C-phenyl ring of the C,N-diphenylnitrones.
- Kaur, Anjandeep,Singh, Baldev
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p. 1421 - 1429
(2015/04/27)
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- One-pot regioselective synthesis of novel 1-N-methyl-spiro[2,3']oxindole-spiro[3,3"]-1"-N-arylpyrrolidine-2",5"-dione-4-arylpyrrolidines through multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylide
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An atom economic and facile synthesis of novel dispiro-oxindole-pyrrolidines has been achieved via a three-component tandem cycloaddition of azomethine ylide generated in situ from isatin and sarcosine by decarboxylative condensation with N-aryl-3-benzylidene-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives as dipolarophiles. The salient features of synthetic procedure are characterized by the mild reaction conditions, high yields, high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, one-pot procedure, and operational simplicity. This regioselectivity was assumed to be under the influence of π-π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of azomethine ylide and N-aryl-3-benzylidene-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones that further control the exo-endo selectivity of the reaction 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The regiochemistry and structures of the cycloadducts were determined with spectroscopic data.
- Kaur, Anjandeep,Kaur, Manpreet,Singh, Baldev
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p. 827 - 833
(2015/05/13)
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- DABCO-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of azomethine imines with N-aryl maleimides: Facile access to dinitrogen-fused heterocycles
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DABCO-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of azomethine imines with maleimides has been developed. This method could efficiently furnish dinitrogen-fused tetracyclic heterocycles in high levels of regioselectivity and with good yields.
- Jia, Qianfa,Chen, Lei,Yang, Gongming,Wang, Jian,Wei, Jia,Du, Zhiyun
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p. 7150 - 7153
(2015/12/12)
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- An expeditious synthesis of imides from phthalic, maleic and succinic anhydrides and chemoselective C=C reduction of maleic amide esters
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Phthalic, maleic and succinic anhydrides have been reacted with aromatic amines to obtain the corresponding monoacid monoamides. The latter have been each transformed into the corresponding cyclic imide derivatives by treating with SOCl2. Alternatively, anhydrides have been reacted with methanolic KOH to obtain monomethyl ester derivatives which on reaction with aromatic amines in the presence of EDC. HCl and HOBt give cyclic imide derivatives. Reaction of monoacid monoamides independently, with SOCl 2 at 0-5°C give the monoamide monoester derivatives. Treatment of monoamide monoester of malic anhydride with NaBH4 leads to the unusual reduction of C=C grouping as well as the carbonyl group of the ester group to from monoamide monoalcohol of succinic anhydride. Preparation of monoamide monoalcohol of succinic anhydride can also be achieved by chemoselective reduction of monoamide monoester of malic anhydride with Mg turnings yielding monoamide monoester of succinic anhydride followed by reduction of the latter with NaBH4.
- Kumar, Padam Praveen,Reddy, Y. Dathu,Kumari, Y. Bharathi,Devi, B. Rama,Dubey
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p. 392 - 398
(2014/05/06)
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- Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of analogues of benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) designed to bind irreversibly to an allosteric site of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
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Activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is a prospective treatment for alleviating cognitive decline experienced in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Current therapeutics indiscriminately enhance the activity of the endogenous neurotransmitter ACh, leading to side effects. BQCA is a positive allosteric modulator and allosteric agonist at the M1 mAChR that has high subtype selectivity and is a promising template from which to generate higher affinity, more pharmacokinetically viable drug candidates. However, to efficiently guide rational drug design, the binding site of BQCA needs to be conclusively elucidated. We report the synthesis and pharmacological validation of BQCA analogues designed to bind irreversibly to the M1 mAChR. One analogue in particular, 11, can serve as a useful structural probe to confirm the location of the BQCA binding site; ideally, by co-crystallization with the M1 mAChR. Furthermore, this ligand may also be used as a pharmacological tool with a range of applications.
- Davie, Briana J.,Valant, Celine,White, Jonathan M.,Sexton, Patrick M.,Capuano, Ben,Christopoulos, Arthur,Scammells, Peter J.
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p. 5405 - 5418
(2014/07/08)
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- A facile approach of Diels-Alder reaction in imidazolium-based ionic liquids at room temperature
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A Diels-Alder reaction between anthracene and 1- p-tolyl-2,5-dione was conducted in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Imidazolium cation was utilised with counter anions, [BF 4] and [PF6], as the solvents to carry out the desired Diels-Alder reaction. In this work, the diene and dienophile were introduced into the ionic liquids for 72 hours at room temperature. The desired cycloadduct was prepared by a green chemistry procedure in high yield. The expected cycloadduct was characterized on the MS as well as FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Herein we report, only the [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid gave the desired cycloadduct in 86% yield compared to [Bmim][PF6]. Diels-Alder reaction, anthracene, imidazolium-based ionic liquids. We would like to thank the School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Centre for Research and Instrument (CRIM), University Kebangsaan Malaysia for instrumental facilities as well as grants GUP- 2012-073 and GGPM-2013-038 for funding the project and the Ministry of Higher Education.
- Johari, Nur Liyana Sakinah,Hassan, Nur Hasyareeda,Hassan, Nurul Izzaty
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p. 1191 - 1196
(2015/02/19)
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- Diels-Alder reactions of five-membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom
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Diels-Alder reactions of five-membered heterocycles containing one heteroatom with an N-arylmaleimide were studied. Cycloaddition of 2,5-dimethylfuran (4) with 2-(4-methylphenyl)maleimide (3) in toluene at 60 °C gave bicyclic adduct 5. Cycloadditions of 3 with 2,5-dimethylthiophene (11) and 1,2,5-trimethylpyrrole (14) were also studied. Interestingly, the bicyclic compound 5 cleanly rearranged, with loss of water, when treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid in toluene at 80 °C to give 4,7-dimethyl-2-p-tolylisoindoline-1,3-dione (6).
- Ding, Xiaoyuan,Nguyen, Son T.,Williams, John D.,Peet, Norton P.
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supporting information
p. 7002 - 7006
(2015/01/09)
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- Phosphine-catalyzed [4+1] annulation of 1,3-(aza)dienes with maleimides: Highly efficient construction of azaspiro[4.4]nonenes
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Phosphine-catalyzed [4+1] annulation of electron-deficient 1,3-dienes or 1,3-azadienes with maleimides has been successfully developed under very mild conditions, providing a convenient and highly efficient method for constructing 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonenes and 1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonenes. This reaction represents the first example of [4+1] cyclization between electron-deficient 4π-conjugated systems and non-allylic phosphorus ylides.
- Yang, Mei,Wang, Tianyi,Cao, Shixuan,He, Zhengjie
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supporting information
p. 13506 - 13509
(2015/01/09)
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- A facile and green synthesis of N-substituted imides
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Anhydrides 1, 6 and 10 have been reacted, independently, with aromatic primary amines 2 in solid phase by simple physical grinding of reactants with p-toluenesulphonicacid as a catalyst to yield corresponding open chain derivatives, monoacid monoamides3,7 and 11 respectively. The latter have each been transformed into the corresponding cyclic derivatives, i.e. imides 5, 9 and 13 respectively in solid phase by simple physical grinding of each with K 2CO3, alkylating agent and tetrabutylammoniumbromide as a catalyst with short reaction times. These cyclic imides can also be obtained by physical grinding of each of 3, 7 and 11 with dicyclohexylcarbodimide as a dehydrating agent in solid phase.
- Kumar, Padam Praveen,Rama Devi,Dubey
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p. 1166 - 1171
(2013/09/24)
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- Studies on reactions of anhydrides with Schiff bases
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Reaction of phthalic anhydride 1 with benzylidineanilines 2, in equimolar ratio in hot acetic acid, yields N-arylphthalimides 3. Compound 1 reacts with the arylimine part of the Schiff base eliminating benzaldehyde part 4 as the bye-product. This reaction of 1 with 2 is also found to occur with other anhydrides like succinic anhydride 5, maleic anhydride 7 and acetic anhydride 9 resulting in the formation of the corresponding N-arylimides, namely, succinicimide 6, maleicimide 8 and aceticimide 10 respectively. In all the above reactions, the by-product, i.e. benzaldehyde or p-chlorobenzaldehyde can be isolated and characterized as its 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative. Probable mechanism for the formation of imides from the corresponding anhydrides and Schiff bases has been suggested.
- Kumar, Padam Praveen,Mohiuddin,Rama Devi,Dubey
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p. 686 - 690
(2013/07/11)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of novel 2,3,5-triaryl-4H,2,3,3a,5,6,6a- hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-d]isoxazole-4,6-diones for advanced glycation end product formation inhibitory activity
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The synthesis of some biologically interesting pyrrolo-isoxazolidine derivatives was accomplished by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of substituted azomethine N-oxides 1 with substituted N-aryl maleimides 2 leading to the formation of new stereoisomeric 2,3,5-triaryl-4H,2,3,3a,5,6,6a- hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-d]isoxazole-4,6-dione derivatives 3 in excellent yields. The synthesized compounds have been screened for their advanced glycation end (AGE) product formation inhibitory activity on the basis of their ability to inhibit the formation of AGEs in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose assay. All the synthesized compounds have been found to exhibit significant activity against AGE formation.
- Kaur, Anjandeep,Singh, Baldev,Jaggi, Amteshwar Singh
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p. 797 - 801
(2013/02/25)
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- Substituent effects on the regioselectivity of maleamic acid formation and hydrogen chloride addition to N-aryl maleimides
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Itaconic anhydride reacts with aryl amines to give a substituent controlled equilibrium mixture of regioisomeric (Z)-2-methyl- and (Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-4- (arylamino)but-2-enoic acids. Electron-donating groups favor nucleophilic attack on C-5 carbonyl, while the presence of electron-withdrawing groups enhances the bias for attack on C-2 carbonyl. The treatment of (Z)-2-methyl- and (Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-4-(arylamino)but-2-enoic acids with SOCl2-Et 3N in THF provided the corresponding maleimides in high yields while under the same conditions the maleic anhydride aryl amine addition products gave predominately the corresponding 3-chloro-1-arylpyrrolidine-2,5-diones and maleimides in substituent dependent ratio. TUeBITAK, 2012.
- Faturaci, Yeliz,Coskun, Necdet
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p. 749 - 758
(2013/02/25)
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- N -alkynyl imides (ynimides): Synthesis and use as a variant of highly labile ethynamine
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This study describes the first reliable synthesis of N-alkynyl imides (ynimides). This was accomplished with a copper-catalyzed coupling reaction between alkynyl(triaryl)bismuthonium salts and five-membered imides. We also found that it was possible to utilize N-ethynyl phthalimide as a variant of the highly labile ethynamine. 4-Amino-1,2,3-triazole was successfully obtained via the CuAAC reaction of N-ethynyl phthalimide with azide followed by hydrazinolysis of the phthaloyl protecting group.
- Sueda, Takuya,Oshima, Ayumi,Teno, Naoki
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3996 - 3999
(2011/10/01)
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- Antifungal, cytotoxic and SAR studies of a series of N-alkyl, N-aryl and N-alkylphenyl-1,4-pyrrolediones and related compounds
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The synthesis, in vitro evaluation and SAR studies of 67 maleimides and derivatives acting as antifungal agents are reported. A detailed SAR study supported by theoretical calculations led us to determine that: an intact maleimido ring appears to be necessary for a strong antifungal activity, dissimilarly affected by the substituents in positions 2 and 3. The best activities were shown by 2,3-nonsubstituted followed by 2,3 dichloro- and 2-methyl-substituted maleimides. They all were fungicide rather than fungistatic enhancing the importance of their antifungal activity. 2,3-Dimethyl and 2,3-diphenyl-maleimides possessed marginal or null activity. The presence of a flexible connecting chain in N-phenylalkyl maleimides appears not to be essential for antifungal activity, although its length shows a correlation with the antifungal behavior, displaying maleimides with alkyl chains of n = 3 and n = 4 the best antifungal activities in most fungi. Different substituents on the benzene ring did not have a clear influence on the activity. Values of chemical potential properties as well as of energy do not sufficiently discriminate between active and inactive compounds. Nevertheless, it was found that, although log P alone is not strong enough to properly predict the antifungal activity, the comparison of its values for compounds within the same sub-type, showed an enhancement of antifungal activity along with an increment of lipophilicity. In addition, the LUMO's electronic clouds of the highly active compounds showed to be concentrated on the imido ring, indicating that their carbon atoms are potential sites for nucleophilic attack. Same results were obtained from MEPs. Most of the active compounds did not show cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines and no one possessed hemolytic activity, indicating that their activity is selective to pathogenic fungi and that they are not toxic at MIC concentrations.
- Sortino,Garibotto,Cechinel Filho,Gupta,Enriz,Zacchino
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p. 2823 - 2834
(2011/06/21)
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- Microwave-assisted benzyl mono- and dibromination in diethyl carbonate as environmentally friendly alternative to radical bromination in carbon tetrachloride
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An environmentally friendly benzyl mono- and di-bromination synthetic procedure was developed that is superior to the classic carbon tetrachloride bromination procedure in both reaction time and isolated yield. This new reaction was performed in diethyl carbonate as reaction media using microwave instead of conventional heating. Both the solvent and the brominating reagent N-bromosuccinimide (prepared from succinimide obtained from the reaction mixture) are recyclable. Practically, the preparation of our target compounds was completed in less than two hours. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Pingali, Subramanya R. K.,Upadhyay, Sunil K.,Jursic, Branko S
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experimental part
p. 928 - 933
(2011/05/15)
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- A facile synthesis of N-substituted maleimides
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A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of N-substituted maleimides from the corresponding maleamic acids under the phase transfer catalysis has been described.
- Deshpande, Sunita R.,Maybhate, Shailaja P.,Likhite, Anjali P.,Chaudhary, Preeti M.
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experimental part
p. 487 - 488
(2010/10/18)
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- Derivatives of aryl amines containing the cytotoxic 1,4-dioxo-2-butenyl pharmacophore
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Several series of compounds containing the 1,4-dioxo-2-butenyl moiety have been prepared as candidate cytotoxins, including the methyl N-arylmaleamates, methyl N-arylfumaramates, and N-arylmaleimides. In addition, the N-arylisomaleimides were synthesized which are the structural isomers of N-arylmaleimides. These compounds were evaluated against human Molt 4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes as well as murine L1210 cells. Methyl N-arylfumaramates showed the highest cytotoxic potencies and, in particular, methyl N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)fumaramate is six times more potent than melphalan towards L1210 cells and is equipotent with this drug in the Molt 4/C8 assay. Electrophilicity of compounds under investigation was demonstrated by carrying out thiolation using model benzyl mercaptan on representative compounds. Methyl N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)fumaramate and methyl N-(4-chlorophenyl)maleamate inhibited human N-myristoyltransferase, a possible molecular target, in high micromolar range. QSAR and molecular modeling revealed some correlations between different structural features of a number of the molecules and cytotoxic potencies. Methyl N-arylfumaramates were well tolerated in mice in comparison to the analogs in other series of compounds tested. The data obtained in this investigation affords guidelines for preparing new series of molecules with greater potencies.
- Jha, Amitabh,Mukherjee, Chandrani,Prasad, Ashok K.,Parmar, Virinder S.,Vadaparti, Manjula,Das, Umashankar,De Clercq, Erik,Balzarini, Jan,Stables, James P.,Shrivastav, Anuraag,Sharma, Rajendra K.,Dimmock, Jonathan R.
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experimental part
p. 1510 - 1515
(2010/06/16)
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- Comparison of microwave-assisted and conventional preparations of cyclic imides
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Microwave-assisted preparation of several cyclic imides was performed with four different cyclic anhydrides. All the reactions are significantly faster and the isolated yields are significantly higher compared to conventionally heated reactions. Furthermore, many of these reactions can be performed with a minimal amount of solvent, thereby enabling the synthetic chemist to obtain high quantities of pure cyclic imides in a matter of hours.
- Upadhyay, Sunil K.,Pingali, Subramanya R.K.,Jursic, Branko S.
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experimental part
p. 2215 - 2217
(2010/05/18)
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis and structure-activity relationships of neuroactive pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridine derivatives
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We described herein the optimization of the synthetic methodology exploited to obtain the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridine sedative prototype 1a and novel analogues designed by successive molecular simplifications. By applying microwave irradiation during the hetero Diels-Alder key-step to obtain the heterotricyclic scaffold, under solvent-free conditions, we were able to obtain the desired compounds in drastically shorter times and better yields. Additionally, in vivo evaluation of the sedative effects of these heterocyclic derivatives showed that 1a and the novel structurally-related analogue 1e were the most efficient compounds to impair the locomotor activity in mice at the dose of 10 μmol/kg.
- Nascimento-Junior, Nailton M.,Mendes, Thaiana C.F.,Leal, Daniella M.,Correa, Claudia Maria N.,Sudo, Roberto T.,Zapata-Sudo, Gisele,Barreiro, Eliezer J.,Fraga, Carlos A.M.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 74 - 77
(2010/03/30)
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- Synthesis of new azo compounds based on n-(4-hydroxypheneyl)maleimide and n-(4-methylpheneyl)maleimide
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Maleic anhydride was reacted with p-aminophenol and p-toluidine in the presence of di-phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) as a catalyst to produce two compounds: N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide (I) and N-(4-methylphenyl)maleimide (II). The new azo compounds I(a-c) and II(a-c) were prepared by the reaction of I and II with three different aromatic amines, namely aniline, p-aminophenol and p-toluidine. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by CHN, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrum and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
- Mohammed, Issam Ahmed,Mohammed, Asniza
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experimental part
p. 7498 - 7508
(2011/02/22)
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- Discovery and structural optimization of pyrazole derivatives as novel inhibitors of Cdc25B
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Structural optimization and preliminary structure-activity relationship studies of a series of N-substituted maleimide fused-pyrazole analogues with Cdc25B inhibitory activity, starting from a high-throughput screening hit, are illustrated. A simplified 3,5-diacyl pyrazole analogue was obtained as the most potent compound (118, IC50 = 0.12 μM) with a 270-fold increase in potency.
- Chen, Hai-Jun,Liu, Yong,Wang, Li-Na,Shen, Qiang,Li, Jia,Nan, Fa-Jun
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scheme or table
p. 2876 - 2879
(2010/07/04)
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- Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of N-substituted maleimide derivatives as selective monoglyceride lipase inhibitors
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The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) plays a major role in many physiological processes, and its action is quickly terminated via enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by monoglyceride lipase (MGL). Regulating its endogenous level could offer therapeutic opportunities; however, few selective MGL inhibitors have been described so far. Here, we describe the synthesis of N-substituted maleimides and their pharmacological evaluation on the recombinant human fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and on the purified human MGL. A few N-arylmaleimides were previously described (Saario, S. M.; Salo, O. M.; Nevalainen, T.; Poso, A.; Laitinen, J. T.; Jarvinen, T.; Niemi, R. Characterization of the Sulfhydryl-Sensitive Site in the Enzyme Responsible for Hydrolysis of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Rat Cerebellar Membranes. Chem. Biol. 2005, 12, 649-656) as MGL inhibitors, and along these lines, we present a new set of maleimide derivatives that showed low micromolar IC50 and high selectivity toward MGL vs FAAH. Then, structure-activity relationships have been investigated and, for instance, 1-biphenyl-4-ylmethylmaleimide inhibits MGL with an IC50 value of 790 nM. Furthermore, rapid dilution experiments reveal that these compounds act as irreversible inhibitors. In conclusion, N-substituted maleimides constitute a promising class of potent and selective MGL inhibitors.
- Matuszak, Nicolas,Muccioli, Giulio G.,Labar, Geoffray,Lambert, Didier M.
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experimental part
p. 7410 - 7420
(2010/04/30)
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- Substituent chemical shifts of N-arylsuccinanilic acids, N-arylsuccinimides, N-arylmaleanilic acids, and N-arylmaleimides
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NMR spectra of a series of N-arylsuccinanilic acids, N-arylsuccinimides, N-arylmaleanilic acids, and N-arylmaleimides were examined to estimate the electronic effect of the amide and imide groups on the chemical shifts of the hydrogen and carbon nuclei of the benzene ring.
- Lee, Hye Sun,Yu, Ji Sook,Lee, Chang Kiu
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scheme or table
p. 711 - 715
(2010/07/05)
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- α-chlorosuccinimides - A new source for maleimides and succinimides
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N-Arylmaleimides and N-arylsuccinimides were prepared by dehydrochlorination reaction of N-aryl α-chlorosuccinimides in the presence of a base and by reduction of 2-chlorosuccinimide in the presence of zinc, respectively. N-Aryl α-chlorosuccinimides were obtained by dehydration of N-aryl substituted maleamic acids in the presence of thionyl chloride. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra.
- Gǎinǎ, Constantin,Gǎinǎ, Viorica
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p. 655 - 661
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and characterization of new compounds containing 1,4-dithiintetracarboxydiimide units
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New compounds containing 1,4-dithiintetracarboxydiimide units were synthesized by the disubstitution reaction of N-substituted 2,3- dichloromaleimide with sodium sulflde nonahydrate or thiourea. IR, UV-vis and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis, confirmed their structures. Thermal conversion of 1,4-dithiine ring to thiophene was monitored by differential calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) measurements.
- Gǎinǎ, Constantin
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p. 601 - 607
(2007/10/03)
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- Base-induced alcoholysis of N-arylmaleimides: Facile in situ oxa-Michael addition to alkyl maleanilates: Two-step one-pot rapid access to alkoxysuccinic acids
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A simple, efficient and general two-step, one-pot approach to alkoxysuccinic acids is described. The potassium carbonate-catalyzed reactions of alcohols with N-p-tolylmaleimide (4) followed by an acid-induced hydrolysis of intermediate products furnished alkoxysuccinic acids 1a-f in 90-98% yields. All the intermediates from the reaction of imide 4 with alcohols have been isolated and characterized, proving that the in situ formed alkyl maleanilates 3 are the actual Michael acceptors.
- Mhaske, Santosh B.,Argade, Narshinha P.
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p. 863 - 870
(2007/10/03)
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- An efficient synthesis of dimethylmaleic anhydride
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A facile three-step synthesis of dimethylmaleic anhydride (8) with 74% overall yield has been described starting from maleimide 1, via methylmaleimide 4, using two Wittig reactions followed by an alkaline hydrolysis.
- Mangaleswaran, Sivaprakasam,Argade, Narshinha P.
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p. 865 - 868
(2007/10/03)
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- Non-hydroxylic clathrate hosts of [4 + 2]π cycloadducts of phencyclone and N-arylmaleimides: Recognition of aromatic guests
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A series of non-hydroxylic crystalline host compounds, [4 + 2]π cycloadducts of phencyclone and N-arylmaleimides having a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene-7-one system, was synthesized and their inclusion behavior investigated. X-Ray crystal analyses of the inclusion compounds of the N-(1-naphthyl) derivative with butan-2-one, the N-(m-tolyl) derivative with p-xylene, together with the guest-free host and the N-(p-tolyl) derivative with m-xylene indicate that the "space" surrounded by the phenanthrene ring, two phenyl rings and bridge carbonyl of the 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-dihydrocyclopenta[l]phenanthren-2-one moiety plays an important role, not only in the formation of inclusion complexes with the aromatic guests but also in host-host interactions. In every case, the N-aryl succinimide assists complex formation with the guests, in which the weak lattice forces due to C-H ... π and C-H ... O interactions are operative. Methyl-substituted benzenes are effectively recognized by the C-H ... π interactions between the guest molecules and the phenanthrene ring of the hosts.
- Yoshitake, Yasuyuki,Misaka, Junichi,Setoguchi, Koji,Abe, Masaki,Kawaji, Tomohiro,Eto, Masashi,Harano, Kazunobu
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p. 1611 - 1619
(2007/10/03)
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- Chlorosulfonation of N-arylmaleimides
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N-phenylmaleimides, o-, m- and p-substituted (1) reacted with excess chlorosulfonic acid to give the corresponding sulphonyl chlorides (2-5). These were condensed with amines and phenols to give derivatives (7-29) which underwent hydrolysis or ammonolysis
- Tomé, Augusto C.,Cavaleiro, José A. S.,Domingues, Fernando M. J.,Cremlyn, Richard J.
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p. 187 - 194
(2015/04/27)
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- CHLOROSULFONATION OF N-ARYLMALEIMIDES
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N-Phenylmaleimides, o-, m- and p-substituted (1) react with excess chlorosulfonic acid to give the corresponding sulphonyl chlorides (2-5).These were condensed with amines and phenols to give derivatives (7-29) which underwent hydrolysis or ammonolysis to give respectively the sulfamoyl maleamic acids (31-34) and sulfamoyl maleamides (35-39). Key words: N-arylmaleimides; chlorosulfonation
- Tome, Augusto C.,Cavaleiro, Jose A. S.,Domingues, Fernando M. J.,Cremlyn, Richard J.
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p. 187 - 194
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for preparation of N-substituted maleimides
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N-substituted maleimide represented by formula (2): STR1 is produced from N-substituted maleamic acid monoester represented by formula (1): STR2 in the presence of an acid catalyst by elmination of an alcohol from the monoester. The above N-substituted maleamic acid monoester represented by formula (1) is produced by esterification of N-substituted maleamic acid represented by formula (3): STR3 with an alcohol R2 -OH in the represence of an acid catalyst.
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- Thermal Cycloaddition of N-Arylmaleimides to Phenols: the Convenient Synthesis of Bicyclooct-2-en-5-one and Tricyclo2,8>octan-2-one Derivatives from Phenols
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Monohydric phenols undergo 2,5-thermal cycloaddition of N-substituted maleimides to give bicyclooct-2-en-5-ones.Homopolymers of the maleimides are also concurrently formed, except in the case of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)maleimide: this is the preferred addend and gave a 63percent yield of the 2,5-adduct as a mixture of exo and endo isomers.U.v. irradiation in acetone of the diester (16) derived from the endo adduct of phenol and N-phenylmaleimide gave the tricyclo2,8>octan-3-one (17) in quantitative yield.
- Bryce-Smith, Derek,Gilbert, Andrew,McColl, Ian S.,Drew, Michael G. B.,Yianni, Paul
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p. 1147 - 1152
(2007/10/02)
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