- Orthogonal Regulation of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Sites in Pd-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Couplings between Indazoles and Isoprene
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Depending on the reactant property and reaction mechanism, one major regioisomer can be favored in a reaction that involves multiple active sites. Herein, an orthogonal regulation of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites in the regiodivergent hydroamination of isoprene with indazoles is demonstrated. Under Pd-hydride catalysis, the 1,2- or 4,3-insertion pathway with respect to the electrophilic sites on isoprene could be controlled by the choice of ligands. In terms of the nucleophilic sites on indazoles, the reaction occurs at either the N1- or N2-position of indazoles is governed by the acid co-catalysts. Preliminary experimental studies have been performed to rationalize the mechanism and regioselectivity. This study not only contributes a practical tool for selective functionalization of isoprene, but also provides a guide to manipulate the regioselectivity for the N-functionalization of indazoles.
- Jiang, Wen-Shuang,Ji, Ding-Wei,Zhang, Wei-Song,Zhang, Gong,Min, Xiang-Ting,Hu, Yan-Cheng,Jiang, Xu-Liang,Chen, Qing-An
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Read Online
- Studies on synthetic approaches to 1H- and 2H-indazolyl derivatives
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Synthetic approaches designed to provide 1H- and 2H-indazolyl derivatives of potential biological interest are reported. Special emphasis has been placed on the characterization of indazolylpyridinium products generated from reactions between indazole and 4-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide under various conditions. A stable mixture consisting of 3 parts of the 1H-isomer 9 to 1 part of the 2H-isomer 10 was obtained at room temperature in the presence of the base 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP). The same reaction at 60 °C gave only the 1H-isomer 9. At 100 °C in the absence of TMP only the 2H-isomer 10 was formed. The isomerization of 10 to 9 was found to proceed quantitatively at 60 °C but only in the presence of TMP. The effects of temperature and base on the course of these reactions are rationalized in terms of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters.
- Isin,De Jonge,Castagnoli Jr.
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Read Online
- Regioselective N-alkylation of the 1H-indazole scaffold; ring substituent and N-alkylating reagent effects on regioisomeric distribution
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The indazole scaffold represents a promising pharmacophore, commonly incorporated in a variety of therapeutic drugs. Although indazole-containing drugs are frequently marketed as the corresponding N-alkyl 1H- or 2H-indazole derivative, the efficient synthesis and isolation of the desired N-1 or N-2 alkylindazole regioisomer can often be challenging and adversely affect product yield. Thus, as part of a broader study focusing on the synthesis of bioactive indazole derivatives, we aimed to develop a regioselective protocol for the synthesis of N-1 alkylindazoles. Initial screening of various conditions revealed that the combination of sodium hydride (NaH) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (in the presence of an alkyl bromide), represented a promising system for N-1 selective indazole alkylation. For example, among fourteen C-3 substituted indazoles examined, we observed > 99% N-1 regioselectivity for 3-carboxymethyl, 3-tert-butyl, 3-COMe, and 3-carboxamide indazoles. Further extension of this optimized (NaH in THF) protocol to various C-3, -4, -5, -6, and -7 substituted indazoles has highlighted the impact of steric and electronic effects on N-1/N-2 regioisomeric distribution. For example, employing C-7 NO2 or CO2Me substituted indazoles conferred excellent N-2 regioselectivity (≥ 96%). Importantly, we show that this optimized N-alkylation procedure tolerates a wide structural variety of alkylating reagents, including primary alkyl halide and secondary alkyl tosylate electrophiles, while maintaining a high degree of N-1 regioselectivity.
- Alam, Ryan M.,Keating, John J.
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supporting information
p. 1939 - 1951
(2021/08/23)
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- A novel copper-catalyzed, hydrazine-free synthesis of N-1 unsubstituted 1H-indazoles using stable guanylhydrazone salts as substrates
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A CuI-catalyzed, hydrazine-free transformation of 2-(2-bromoarylidene)guanylhydrazone hydrochlorides using Cs2CO3 as a base and DMEDA as a ligand at 120 °C for 5 h delivers substituted 1H-indazoles with yields up to 75%. The C,N double bond configuration of the substrates was determined by NMR experiments and quantum chemical calculations. The reaction mechanism was studied using quantum chemical calculations.
- Rekowski, Szymon P.,Kroener, Bettina K.,Kathuria, Deepika,Wani, Aabid A.,Chourasiya, Sumit S.,Conrad, Jürgen,Bharatam, Prasad V.,Frey, Wolfgang,Beifuss, Uwe
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- Synthesis of indazoles from 2-formylphenylboronic acids
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A method for the synthesis of indazoles was developed which involves a copper(ii) acetate catalysed reaction of 2-formylboronic acids with diazadicaboxylates followed by acid or base induced ring closure. Hydrazine dicarboxylates were also shown as competent reaction partners for the synthesis of indazoles, however, they required a stoichiometric amount of copper(ii) acetate for the C-N bond formation step. The transformation can be efficiently performed as a two step-one pot procedure to give a range of 1N-alkoxycarbonyl indazoles.
- Jirgensons, Aigars,Seins, Alberts,Solomin, Vitalii V.
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p. 22710 - 22714
(2021/07/21)
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- NovelN-transfer reagent for converting α-amino acid derivatives to α-diazo compounds
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A novel universalN-transfer reagent for direct and effective transformation of α-amino ketones, acetamides, and esters to the corresponding α-diazo products under mild basic conditions has been developed. This one-step synthetic approach not only allows for generation of α-substituted-α-diazo carbonyl compounds from α-amino acid derivatives but also permits preparation of α-diazo dipeptides fromN-terminal dipeptides (32 examples, up to 91%).
- Lu, Guan-Han,Huang, Tzu-Chia,Hsueh, Hsiao-Chin,Yang, Shin-Cherng,Cho, Ting-Wei,Chou, Ho-Hsuan
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supporting information
p. 4839 - 4842
(2021/05/25)
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- Visible-Light-Mediated N-Desulfonylation of N-Heterocycles Using a Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complex as a Photocatalyst
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A photoredox protocol that uses a heteroleptic Cu (I) complex, [Cu(dq)(BINAP)]BF4, has been developed for the photodeprotection of benzenesulfonyl-protected N-heterocycles. A range of substrates was examined, including indazoles, indoles, pyrazoles, and benzimidazole, featuring both electron-rich and electron-deficient substituents, giving good yields of the N-heterocycle products with broad functional group tolerance. This transformation was also found to be amenable to flow reaction conditions.
- Hunter, Cameron J.,Boyd, Michael J.,May, Gregory D.,Fimognari, Robert
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p. 8732 - 8739
(2020/07/16)
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- Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Hydroxyalkylation and Mitsunobu Cyclization of N-Aryl Phthalazinones
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Ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C(sp2)-H functionalization of N-Aryl phthalazinones with a range of aldehydes and activated ketone is described. Initial formation of hydroxyalkylated phthalazinones and subsequent Mitsunobu cyclization provided facile access to biologically relevant indazolophthalazinones. The utility of this method is highlighted by synthetic transformations into a series of potentially bioactive scaffolds.
- Ghosh, Prithwish,Han, Sang Hoon,Jeoung, Daeun,Kim, In Su,Kim, Kunyoung,Kim, Saegun,Kim, Seung Jun,Ku, Jin-Mo,Mishra, Neeraj Kumar
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p. 2520 - 2531
(2020/03/13)
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- Catalytic Reductions Without External Hydrogen Gas: Broad Scope Hydrogenations with Tetrahydroxydiboron and a Tertiary Amine
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Facile reduction of aryl halides with a combination of 5% Pd/C, B2(OH)4, and 4-methylmorpholine is reported. Aryl bromides, iodides, and chlorides were efficiently reduced. Aryl dihalides containing two different halogen atoms underwent selective reduction: I over Br and Cl, and Br over Cl. Beyond these, aryl triflates were efficiently reduced. This combination was broadly general, effectuating reductions of benzylic halides and ethers, alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, and azides, as well as for N-Cbz deprotection. A cyano group was unaffected, but a nitro group and a ketone underwent reduction to a low extent. When B2(OD)4 was used for aryl halide reduction, a significant amount of deuteriation occurred. However, H atom incorporation competed and increased in slower reactions. 4-Methylmorpholine was identified as a possible source of H atoms in this, but a combination of only 4-methylmorpholine and Pd/C did not result in reduction. Hydrogen gas has been observed to form with this reagent combination. Experiments aimed at understanding the chemistry led to the proposal of a plausible mechanism and to the identification of N,N-bis(methyl-d3)pyridin-4-amine (DMAP-d6) and B2(OD)4 as an effective combination for full aromatic deuteriation. (Figure presented.).
- Korvinson, Kirill A.,Akula, Hari K.,Malinchak, Casina T.,Sebastian, Dellamol,Wei, Wei,Khandaker, Tashrique A.,Andrzejewska, Magdalena R.,Zajc, Barbara,Lakshman, Mahesh K.
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supporting information
p. 166 - 176
(2020/01/02)
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- A NaH-promoted N-detosylation reaction of diverse p-toluenesulfonamides
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A NaH-mediated detosylation reaction of various Ts-protected indoles, azaheterocycles, anilines and dibenzylamine was reported. The method features cheap reagent, convenient operations, mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope. Moreover, this study revealed that the loading of NaH in tosylation reactions of nitrogen-containing compounds with NaH as a base in DMA or DMF should be controlled due to the possibility of adverse detosylation.
- Sun, Wanwan,Chen, Xiaobei,Hu, Ying,Geng, Huihui,Jiang, Yuanrui,Zhou, Yuxin,Zhu, Wenjing,Hu, Min,Hu, Haohua,Wang, Xingyi,Wang, Xinli,Zhang, Shilei,Hu, Yanwei
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supporting information
(2020/10/05)
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- Discovery and characterization of an acridine radical photoreductant
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Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is a phenomenon whereby the absorption of light by a chemical species provides an energetic driving force for an electron-transfer reaction1–4. This mechanism is relevant in many areas of chemistry, including the study of natural and artificial photosynthesis, photovoltaics and photosensitive materials. In recent years, research in the area of photoredox catalysis has enabled the use of PET for the catalytic generation of both neutral and charged organic free-radical species. These technologies have enabled previously inaccessible chemical transformations and have been widely used in both academic and industrial settings. Such reactions are often catalysed by visible-light-absorbing organic molecules or transition-metal complexes of ruthenium, iridium, chromium or copper5,6. Although various closed-shell organic molecules have been shown to behave as competent electron-transfer catalysts in photoredox reactions, there are only limited reports of PET reactions involving neutral organic radicals as excited-state donors or acceptors. This is unsurprising because the lifetimes of doublet excited states of neutral organic radicals are typically several orders of magnitude shorter than the singlet lifetimes of known transition-metal photoredox catalysts7–11. Here we document the discovery, characterization and reactivity of a neutral acridine radical with a maximum excited-state oxidation potential of ?3.36 volts versus a saturated calomel electrode, which is similarly reducing to elemental lithium, making this radical one of the most potent chemical reductants reported12. Spectroscopic, computational and chemical studies indicate that the formation of a twisted intramolecular charge-transfer species enables the population of higher-energy doublet excited states, leading to the observed potent photoreducing behaviour. We demonstrate that this catalytically generated PET catalyst facilitates several chemical reactions that typically require alkali metal reductants and can be used in other organic transformations that require dissolving metal reductants.
- MacKenzie, Ian A.,Wang, Leifeng,Onuska, Nicholas P. R.,Williams, Olivia F.,Begam, Khadiza,Moran, Andrew M.,Dunietz, Barry D.,Nicewicz, David A.
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- Photolysis and Pyrolysis of Phenyltetrazoles: Formation of Phenylcarbodiimide, N-Phenylnitrile Imine, Phenylnitrene, Indazole, and Fulvenallene
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Photolysis of 1-phenyltetrazole 2b at either 193 or 266 nm in a Ne matrix as well as flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of the same compound with isolation of the products in Ne matrix generate phenylcarbodiimide PhN=C=NH 6 very efficiently as the principal product in an almost pure state. Minor amounts of phenyl azide 8 and 1-azacyclohepta-1,2,4,6-tetraene 10, the product of ring expansion of phenylnitrene, are also formed, and the amounts of both substances increase as a function of photolysis time. The photolysis of 2-phenyltetrazole 1b in a Ne matrix at 266 nm for 0.5 min generates the allenic N-phenylnitrile imine PhN=N(+)=CH(–) 3b, absorbing strongly and cleanly at 2021 cm–1 in the IR spectrum. At longer photolysis times peaks ascribed to phenyl azide, phenylnitrene, 1-azacycloheptatetraene, and phenylcarbodiimide 6 become prominent. FVP of 2-phenyltetrazole yields indazole 15 as the major product together with a small amount of phenylcarbodiimide 6. Indazole formation is ascribed to cyclization of the nitrile imine in the ground state. It is not formed on FVP of 1-phenyltetrazole in agreement with the computational result that the thermodynamically most favourable path for rearrangement of the putative N-phenylimidoylnitrene 5b yields phenylcarbodiimide 6 rather than phenylnitrile imine 3b. Further pyrolysis of indazole affords a minor yield of fulvenallene 18.
- Zhao, Xiaofang,Liu, Qian,Feng, Ruijuan,Zeng, Xiaoqing,Wentrup, Curt
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p. 6945 - 6950
(2019/11/20)
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- An Effective Method for the Synthesis of 1,3-Dihydro-2H-indazoles via N-N Bond Formation
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The [4+1] cycloaddition reaction of bifunctional amino reagents has been achieved with in situ formed aza-ortho-quinone methides. Specifically, N-(tosyloxy)carbamates were used as an N1 synthon and bifunctional amino reagents for this transformation, which provides a metal-free, catalyst-free, and oxidant-free strategy to form nitrogen-nitrogen bonds. (Figure presented.).
- Zhang, Xiaoke,Pan, Yang,Liang, Peng,Ma, Xiaofeng,Jiao, Wei,Shao, Huawu
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supporting information
p. 5552 - 5557
(2019/11/22)
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- Palladium catalyzed hydrodefluorination of fluoro-(hetero)arenes
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Palladium catalyzed hydrodefluorination was developed for fine-tuning the properties of fluoro-(hetero)aromatic compounds. The robust reaction can be set up in air, requires only commercially available components, and tolerates a variety of heterocycles and functionalities relevant to drug discovery. Given the prevalence of fluorine incorporation around metabolic hotspots, the corresponding deuterodefluorination reaction may prove useful for converting fluorinated libraries to deuterated analogues to suppress the oxidative metabolism by kinetic isotope effects.
- Gair, Joseph J.,Grey, Ronald L.,Giroux, Simon,Brodney, Michael A.
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supporting information
p. 2482 - 2487
(2019/04/10)
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- Fluorescence probe for detecting silver ion as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a fluorescence probe for detecting a silver ion, and provides a preparation method and application thereof at the same time. The fluorescence probe can quickly respond and high-selectively detect the silver ion. The fluorescence probe for detecting the silver ion provided by the invention has a structure as shown in a formula 1. The probe provided by the invention can selectively react with the silver ion so as to produce fluorescence-emission red shift. The reaction is not interfered by other metal ions, a fluorescence-emission peak change can be produced within a short time, and the wave length of the fluorescence-emission peak red shift is in linear correlation with the concentration of the silver ion. The fluorescence probe provided by the invention only carriesout fluorescence reaction with the silver ion instead of other metal ions, so that the fluorescence probe has better selectivity and specificity.
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Paragraph 0044; 0045; 0046
(2018/05/16)
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- Generation of arynes by selective cleavage of a carbonphosphorus bond of o-(diarylphosphinyl)aryl triflates using a grignard reagent
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A novel method for generating arynes, including disubsti-tuted benzynes and a dehydrophenoxathiin, is reported. The treatment of easily synthesizable o-(diarylphosphinyl)aryl triflates having two electron-deficient aromatic groups on the phosphorus atom with a phenyl Grignard reagent triggered the efficient generation of arynes by selective cleavage of a carbonphosphorus bond.
- Nishiyama, Yoshitake,Kamada, Shuhei,Yoshida, Suguru,Hosoya, Takamitsu
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p. 1216 - 1219
(2018/09/11)
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- Direct N-Alkylation and Kemp Elimination Reactions of 1-Sulfonyl-1H-Indazoles
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The reactions of 1-sulfonyl-1H-indazoles under basic conditions are discussed, and the direct N-alkylation and Kemp elimination reactions of these compounds are reported. A series of 2-(p-tosylamino)benzonitriles and N-alkyl indazoles were prepared in good yields. Moreover, the 2-(p-tosylamino)benzonitriles could be transformed into a diverse range of important derivatives in a one-pot reaction. This method was successfully applied to the total syntheses of quindolinone and cryptolepinone; quindolinone was prepared in a one-pot reaction from 1-sulfonyl-1H-indazole.
- Tang, Meng,Chu, Bingjie,Chang, Xiaowei
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p. 2109 - 2116
(2018/07/31)
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- Access to 1: H -indazoles, 1 H -benzoindazoles and 1 H -azaindazoles from (het)aryl azides: A one-pot Staudinger-aza-Wittig reaction leading to N-N bond formation?
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The synthesis of various substituted 1H-indazoles is reported through N-N bond formation from an iminophosphorane derivative. Supported by control experiments, an original Staudinger-aza-Wittig tandem mechanism is proposed for this transformation.
- Alaime,Daniel,Hiebel,Pasquinet,Suzenet,Guillaumet
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supporting information
p. 8411 - 8414
(2018/08/06)
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- Preparation method of indazole and application of indazole in medicine synthesis
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The invention belongs to the field of chemicals, and relates to a preparation method of indazole and an application of the indazole in medicine synthesis. The invention discloses a preparation method of indazole and an application of the indazole in synthesizing 1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid, lonidamine, a compound 8, a compound 9, a compound 10, axitinib, YD-3, YC-1 and similar substances thereof.
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- Copper(I) Oxide-Mediated Cyclization of o-Haloaryl N-Tosylhydrazones: Efficient Synthesis of Indazoles
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An efficient synthesis of indazoles from readily accessible E/Z mixtures of o-haloaryl N-tosylhydrazones has been developed. The thermo-induced isomerization of N-tosylhydrazones is discussed. A series of valuable indazole derivatives are prepared in good yields, and the method has been successfully applied to the synthesis of the bioactive compounds, lonidamine, AF-2785, axitinib, YC-1 and YD-3.
- Tang, Meng,Kong, Yuanfang,Chu, Bingjie,Feng, Dan
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p. 926 - 939
(2016/04/05)
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- Identification of novel inhibitors of Aurora A with a 3-(pyrrolopyridin-2-yl)indazole scaffold
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A novel series of 3-(pyrrolopyridin-2-yl)indazole derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated for their anti-proliferative effects on five human cancer cell lines. As a result, all of them exhibited vigorous potency against HL60 cell line with IC50 values ranging from singe digital nanomolar to micromolar level. Besides, a majority of them displayed modest to good antiproliferative activities against the other four cell lines, including KB, SMMC-7721, HCT116, and A549. Particularly, compound 2y, as the most distinguished one in this series, demonstrated IC50 values of 8.3 nM and 1.3 nM against HL60 and HCT116 cell lines, respectively. Afterwards, for exploring the molecular target, compounds2d, 2g and 2y were further selected to evaluate the inhibitory activities against a panel of kinases. Finally, they were identified to be targeting Aurora A kinase with significant selectivity over other kinases, such as CHK1, CDK2, MEK1, GSK3β, BRAF, IKKβ and PKC.
- Song, Pinrao,Chen, Ming,Ma, Xiaodong,Xu, Lei,Liu, Tao,Zhou, Yubo,Hu, Yongzhou
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p. 1858 - 1868
(2015/03/18)
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- Reevaluation of the 2-nitrobenzyl protecting group for nitrogen containing compounds: An application of flow photochemistry
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Photochemistry under continuous flow conditions has many potential benefits for photochemical reactions that are problematic in batch. The 2-nitrobenzyl moiety is a photolabile protecting group for nitrogen. However, N-deprotection is generally impractical and, therefore, has not been extensively adopted. This Letter reports significant improvements in the N-deprotection of the 2-nitrobenzyl group through the application of continuous flow photolysis. This procedure was applied to a variety of substrates including indoles, indazoles, pyrazoles and secondary amines. Significant improvement in yield, reaction time and scalability was observed under continuous flow conditions.
- Wendell, Chloe I.,Boyd, Michael J.
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supporting information
p. 897 - 899
(2015/02/05)
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- DIOXINO-AND OXAZIN-[2,3-D]PYRIMIDINE PI3K INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
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Dioxino-and oxazin-[2,3-d]pyrimidine PI3K inhibitor compounds of Formula I with anti-cancer activity, anti-in-flammatory activity, or immunoregulatory properties, and more specifically with PI3 kinase modulating or inhibitory activity are de-scribed. Methods are described for using the tricyclic PI3K inhibitor compounds of Formula I for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, organisms, or associated pathological conditions.
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- A general synthesis of diversely substituted indazoles and hetero-aromatic derivatives from o-halo-(het)arylaldehydes or -phenones
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A set of variously substituted indazoles and hetero-aromatic derivatives were synthesized from o-halo-(het)arylaldehydes using a palladium catalyzed amination followed by cyclization. Starting from phenones, this process was extended to give 3-substituted indazoles. Moreover, N-1-substituted-indazoles can be reached by this strategy using an optional selective N-1-alkylation step during the process. This methodology offers a general and easy route for the synthesis of regioselectively substituted indazoles.
- Dubost, Emmanuelle,Stiebing, Silvia,Ferrary, Thibault,Cailly, Thomas,Fabis, Frédéric,Collot, Valérie
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p. 8413 - 8418
(2015/03/04)
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- Reductive cleavage of aryl O-carbamates to phenols by the Schwartz reagent. Expedient link to the directed ortho metalation strategy?
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A general, mild, and efficient method for the reductive cleavage of aryl O-carbamates to phenols, 1 → 2 using the Schwartz reagent is reported. The method is selective, tolerating a large number of functional groups; may be carried out by direct or by an economical in situ procedure; and, notably, establishes a synthetic connection to the directed ortho metalation strategy (Figure 1) allowing new entries into difficult to prepare contiguously substituted aromatics and heteroaromatics.
- Morin, Justin,Zhao, Yigang,Snieckus, Victor
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supporting information
p. 4102 - 4105
(2013/09/12)
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- Generation of arynes via ate complexes of arylboronic esters with an ortho-leaving group
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An efficient method of generating aryne has been achieved by treating ortho-(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)arylboronic acid pinacol ester with tert- or sec-butyllithium. Monitoring the reaction by 11B NMR has indicated that a boron-ate complex formed in situ is the eventual precursor that converts into aryne near room temperature. The prior formation of the ate complex at a low temperature has enabled us to use various arynophiles, including those bearing base-sensitive groups. The ready availability of the aryne precursors and mutual orthogonality in aryne generation with widely used ortho-silylaryl triflate have enhanced the utility of the method.
- Sumida, Yuto,Kato, Tomoe,Hosoya, Takamitsu
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supporting information
p. 2806 - 2809
(2013/07/11)
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- ML212: A small-molecule probe for investigating fluconazole resistance mechanisms in Candida albicans
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The National Institutes of Health Molecular Libraries and Probe Production Centers Network (NIH-MLPCN) screened >300,000 compounds to evaluate their ability to restore fluconazole susceptibility in resistant Candida albicans isolates. Additional counter screens were incorporated to remove substances inherently toxic to either mammalian or fungal cells. A substituted indazole possessing the desired bioactivity profile was selected for further development, and initial investigation of structure-activity relationships led to the discovery of ML212.
- Youngsaye, Willmen,Hartland, Cathy L.,Morgan, Barbara J.,Ting, Amal,Nag, Partha P.,Vincent, Benjamin,Mosher, Carrie A.,Bittker, Joshua A.,Dandapani, Sivaraman,Palmer, Michelle,Whitesell, Luke,Lindquist, Susan,Schreiber, Stuart L.,Munoz, Benito
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supporting information
p. 1501 - 1507
(2013/10/22)
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- TRICYCLIC PI3K INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
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Tricyclic PI3k inhibitor compounds of Formula I with anti-cancer activity, anti- inflammatory activity, or immunoregulatory properties, and more specifically with PI3 kinase modulating or inhibitory activity are described. Methods are described for using the tricyclic PI3K inhibitor compounds of Formula I for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, organisms, or associated pathological conditions. Formula I compounds include stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The dashed lines indicate an optional double bond, and at least one dashed line is a double bond. The substituents are as described.
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Page/Page column 77
(2012/06/30)
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- Synthesis of 1H-indazole: A combination of experimental and theoretical studies
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A new practical synthesis of 1H-indazole is presented. A previous mechanism for the cyclization step is proved to be nonfeasible and a hydrogen bond propelled mechanism is proposed. The new mechanism is suitable for similar cyclization, and a new reaction is predicted. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.
- Chen, Xinzhi,Zhou, Shaodong,Qian, Chao,He, Chaohong
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p. 1619 - 1628
(2012/10/30)
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- NOVEL CATALYSTS
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The present invention provides novel compounds and ligands that are useful in transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. For example, the compounds and ligands of the present invention are useful in palladium or gold catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
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Page/Page column 60-61
(2012/06/01)
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- METHOD OF SYNTHESIZING 1H-INDAZOLE COMPOUNDS
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A method is provided for synthesizing 1H-indazole compounds in which aromatic carbonyl compounds are reacted with a nitrogen source to form oximes which are then converted to 1H-indazoles.
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Page/Page column 4
(2010/04/23)
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- NOVEL AROMATIC COMPOUND AND POLYARYLENE COPOLYMER HAVING NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLE INCLUDING SULFONIC ACID GROUP IN SIDE CHAIN
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Provided is a solid polymer electrolyte having increased heat resistance and high proton conductivity and a proton conductive membrane composed of the electrolyte. Also provided is a copolymer having a sulfonic acid group. The copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula (1): (in the formula, Y denotes at least one kind of structure selected from the group consisting of —CO—, —SO2—, —SO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —(CF2)l— (l is an integer of 1 to 10), and —C(CF3)2—; W denotes at least one kind of structure selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, —CO—, —SO2—, —SO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —(CF2)l— (l is an integer of 1 to 10), —C(CF3)2—, —O—, and —S—; Z denotes a direct bond or at least one kind of structure selected from the group consisting of —(CH2)l—(l is an integer of 1 to 10), —C(CH3)2—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, and —SO2—; R30 denotes a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring having a substituent represented by —SO3H, —O(CH2)hSO3H, or —O(CF2)hSO3H (h is an integer of 1 to 12); p is an integer of 0 to 10; q is an integer of 0 to 10; r is an integer of 1 to 5; and k is an integer of 0 to 4).
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- Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and tosylates with hydrazine
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Hydrazine is not a problem anymore: The title transformation is the first reaction to yield aryl hydrazines through the cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and tosylates with hydrazine. An appropriately designed palladium catalyst allows this reaction to proceed rapidly under mild conditions, and with excellent chemoselectivity (see scheme; Ad=adamantyl, Ts=4-toluenesulfonyl).
- Lundgren, Rylan J.,Stradiotto, Mark
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8686 - 8690
(2011/01/08)
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- PURINE PI3K INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
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Purine compounds of Formula I, and including stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are useful for inhibiting lipid kinases including p110 alpha and other isoforms of PI3K, and for treating disorders such as cancer mediated by lipid kinases. Methods of using compounds of Formula I for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions, are disclosed.
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- THIAZOLOPYRIMIDINE PI3K INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
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Compounds of Formulas (Ia and Ib), and including stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are useful for inhibiting lipid kinases including PI3K, and for treating disorders such as cancer mediated by lipid kinases. Methods of using compounds of formula Ia and Ib for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions, are disclosed
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Page/Page column 70
(2009/05/29)
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- PYRAZOLOPYRIMIDINE PI3K INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
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Compounds of Formula I, and including stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are useful for inhibiting lipid kinases including p110 alpha and other isoforms of PI3K, and for treating disorders such as cancer mediated by lipid kinases. Methods of using compounds of Formula I for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions, are disclosed. [Fomula I]
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Page/Page column 67; 68
(2009/09/05)
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- Facile and efficient synthesis of indazole derivatives by 1,3-cycloaddition of arynes with diazo compounds and azomethine imides
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N-Unsubstituted indazoles 3 and 1-arylindazoles 4 are readily available in good to high yields through [3+2] cycloaddition of 2-(trimethylsilyI)aryl triflates 1 and diazo compounds in the presence of KF or CsF under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, we found that azomethine imides also underwent cycloaddition reaction with 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflates (la) in the presence of KF to afford indazolone derivatives 6 in moderate yields.
- Jin, Tienan,Yang, Fan,Yamamoto, Yoshinori
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scheme or table
p. 957 - 972
(2010/01/19)
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- Pharmaceutical compounds
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A thienopyrimidine of formula (I): and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have activity as inhibitors of PI3K with selectivity for the P110α subtype, and may be used to treat diseases and disorders arising from abnormal cell growth, function or behaviour, particularly those associated with PI3 kinase such as cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorders and neurological disorders. Processes for synthesizing the compounds are also described.
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Page/Page column 8-9
(2008/06/13)
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- Pharmaceutical compounds
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Compounds of Formulae Ia and Ib, and stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are useful for inhibiting lipid kinases including PI3K, and for treating disorders such as cancer mediated by lipid kinases. Methods of using compounds of Formula Ia and Ib for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions, are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 75
(2008/06/13)
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- The identification of 2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1- ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (GDC-0941) as a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of class I PI3 kinase for the treatment of cancer
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Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is an important target in cancer due to the deregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a wide variety of tumors. A series of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of PI3 kinase p110α. The synthesis, biological activity, and further profiling of these compounds are described. This work resulted in the discovery of 17, GDC-0941, which is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of PI3K and is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
- Folkes, Adrian J.,Ahmadi, Khatereh,Alderton, Wendy K.,Alix, Sonia,Baker, Stewart J.,Box, Gary,Chuckowree, Irina S.,Clarke, Paul A.,Depledge, Paul,Eccles, Suzanne A.,Friedman, Lori S.,Hayes, Angela,Hancox, Timothy C.,Kugendradas, Arumugam,Lensun, Letitia,Moore, Pauline,Olivero, Alan G.,Pang, Jodie,Patel, Sonal,Pergl-Wilson, Giles H.,Raynaud, Florence I.,Robson, Anthony,Saghir, Nahid,Salphati, Laurent,Sohal, Sukhjit,Ultsch, Mark H.,Valenti, Melanie,Wallweber, Heidi J. A.,Nan, Chi Wan,Wiesmann, Christian,Workman, Paul,Zhyvoloup, Alexander,Zvelebil, Marketa J.,Shuttleworth, Stephen J.
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experimental part
p. 5522 - 5532
(2009/09/06)
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- A green N-detosylation of indoles and related heterocycles using phase transfer catalysis
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A practical method for the N-detosylation of indoles and related heterocycles with KOH in THF and water in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst is described. Using a nonalcoholic solvent, this method prevents the formation of toxic alkyl p-toluene-sulfonate and consequently eliminates the formation of even traces of N-alkyl byproduct. This green method is particularly useful for indoles bearing electron-withdrawing groups and for azaindoles.
- Liu, Yugang,Shen, Lichun,Prashad, Mahavir,Tibbatts, Jessica,Repic, Oljan,Blacklock, Thomas J.
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p. 778 - 780
(2013/01/03)
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- Synthesis of indazoles by the [3+2] cycloaddition of diazo compounds with arynes and subsequent acyl migration
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(Chemical Equation Presented) The [3+2] cycloaddition of a variety of diazo compounds with o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates in the presence of CsF or TBAF at room temperature provides a very direct, efficient approach to a wide range of potentially biologically and pharmaceutically interesting substituted indazoles in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Simple diazomethane derivatives afford N-unsubstituted indazoles or 1-arylated indazoles, depending upon the stoichiometry of the reagents and the reaction conditions, while dicarbonyl-containing diazo compounds undergo carbonyl migration to afford 1-acyl or 1-alkoxycarbonyl indazoles selectively.
- Liu, Zhijian,Shi, Feng,Martinez, Pablo D. G.,Raminelli, Cristiano,Larock, Richard C.
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p. 219 - 226
(2008/09/17)
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- PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS
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Fused pyrimidines of formula (I): wherein A represents a thiophene or furan ring; n is 0, 1 or 2; R1 is a group of formula: wherein m is 0 or 1; R30 is H or C1-C6 alkyl; R4 and R5 form, together with the N atom to which they are attached, a 5- or 6- membered saturated N-containing heterocyclic group which includes 0 or 1 additional heteroatoms selected from N, S and O, which may be fused to a benzene ring and which is unsubstituted or substituted; or one of R4 and R5 is alkyl and the other is a 5- or 6-membered saturated N-containing heterocyclic group as defined above or an alkyl group which is substituted by a 5- or 6-membered saturated N-containing heterocyclic group as defined above; R2 is a heteroaryl group which contains I5 2, 3 or 4 ring nitrogen atoms and 0,1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, which group is monocyclic or bicyclic and which is unsubstituted or substituted; and R3 is selected from: (a) a group of the following formula: wherein B is a phenyl ring which is unsubstituted or substituted and Z is selected from H, -OR, -SR, CH2OR, -CO2R, CF2OH, CH(CF3)OH, C(CF3)2OH, -(CH2)qOR, - (CH2)qNR2, -C(O)N(R)2, -NR2, -NRC(O)R, -S(O)mN(R)2, -OC(O)R, OC(O)N(R)2, - NRS(O) mR, -RC(O)N(R)2, CN, halogen and -NO2, wherein each R is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3 - C10 cycloalkyl and a 5- to 12-membered aryl or heteroaryl group, the group being unsubstituted or substituted, m is 1 or 2 and q is 0, 1 or 2; (b) a heteroaryl group which contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring nitrogen atoms and 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from O and S, which group is monocyclic or bicyclic and which is unsubstituted or substituted; and (c) a group comprising a benzene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted and which is fused to a heteroaryl group as defined above; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof have activity as inhibitors of PBK and may thus be used to treat diseases and disorders arising from abnormal cell growth, function or behaviour associated with PI3 kinase such as cancer, immune disorders, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism/endocrine disorders and neurological disorders. Processes for synthesizing the compounds are also described.
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Page/Page column 42-43
(2008/06/13)
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- PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM
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Compounds of Formulas (Ia) and (Ib), and including stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are useful for inhibiting lipid kinases including PI3K, and for treating disorders such as cancer mediated by lipid kinases. Methods of using compounds of Formula (Ia) and (Ib) for in vitro, in situ, and in vivodiagnosis, prevention or treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions, are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 138
(2008/06/13)
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- A new regioselective synthesis and ambient light photochemistry of quinazolin-1-oxides
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Quinazolin-1-oxides were prepared by the oxidation of tetrahydroquinazolines with H2O2-tungstate and their ambient light photochemistry was investigated. Substituent effects on their photochemical cyclization and the reactions of the products 1aH-[1,2]oxazireno[2,3-a]quinazolines under photochemical and thermal conditions are reported. The cyclization of quinazolin-1-oxides and the reactions of 1aH-[1,2]oxazireno[2,3-a]quinazolines show pronounced solvent isotope and solvent effects.
- Co?kun, Necdet,?etin, Meliha
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p. 2966 - 2972
(2007/10/03)
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- An efficient, facile, and general synthesis of 1H-indazoles by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of arynes with diazomethane derivatives
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Take your pick: Both N-unsubstituted and 1-aryl 1H-indazoles are available in good to high yields through the [3+2] cycloaddition of benzynes derived from o-silylaryl triflates with diazomethane derivatives (see scheme). In the presence of KF/[18]crown-6, the N-unsubstituted 1H-indazole is formed, whereas the 1-arylated product is obtained regioselectively with CsF and an excess of the triflate.
- Jin, Tienan,Yamamoto, Yoshinori
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p. 3323 - 3325
(2008/03/12)
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- An efficient synthesis of 1-H indazoles
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The reaction of substituted salicyaldehydes with hydrazine hydrochloride under different conditions gave the corresponding 1-H indazoles. However, the reaction of benzaldehydes with hydrazine hydrate under the same conditions yielded only hydrazones.
- Lokhande,Raheem, Abdul,Sabale,Chabukswar,Jagdale
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p. 6890 - 6892
(2008/02/12)
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- New practical synthesis of indazoles via condensation of o-fluorobenzaldehydes and their O-methyloximes with hydrazine
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The reaction of o-fluorobenzaldehydes and their O-methyloximes with hydrazine has been developed as a new practical synthesis of indazoles. Utilization of the methyloxime derivatives of benzaldehydes (in the form of the major E-isomers) in this condensation effectively eliminated a competitive Wolf-Kishner reduction to fluorotoluenes, which was observed in the direct preparations of indazoles from aldehydes. Reaction of Z-isomers of methyloximes with hydrazine resulted in the formation of 3-aminoindazoles via a benzonitrile intermediate.
- Lukin, Kirill,Hsu, Margaret C.,Fernando, Dilinie,Leanna, M. Robert
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p. 8166 - 8172
(2007/10/03)
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- New synthesis of 3-substituted indazoles from 3-trimethylsilylindazole
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Reaction of aryl aldehydes with 3-trimethylsilylindazole in the presence of CsF easily gave the corresponding 3-(arylhydroxymethyl)indazoles in good to moderate yields.
- Hari, Yoshiyuki,Shoji, Yoshimichi,Aoyama, Toyohiko
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p. 1183 - 1186
(2007/10/03)
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- Method and compositions for identifying anti-HIV therapeutic compounds
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Methods are provided for identifying anti-HIV therapeutic compounds substituted with carboxyl ester or phosphonate ester groups. Libraries of such compounds are screened optionally using the novel enzyme GS-7340 Ester Hydrolase. Compositions and methods relating to GS-7340 Ester Hydrolase also are provided.
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