- Preparation and flocculation performance study of a novel amphoteric alginate flocculant
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Sodium alginate is a natural biomacromolecule with promising applications as a flocculant for wastewater treatment due to its biodegradability and non-toxicity. To enhance the flocculating efficiency, simplify the synthetic process of the flocculants and expand the application scope of alginate, a novel amphoteric flocculant was synthesized through reaction of alginate with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride under alkaline conditions. The structures of the flocculants were characterized using various methods. The flocculants demonstrated nanoparticle sizes with a narrow distribution. The amphoteric flocculant could not only effectively remove the positively-charged Pb2+ from wastewater, but also removed the negatively-charged humic acid. Under optimum conditions, the removal rates reached 92.32% and 95.18% for Pb2+ and humic acid, respectively. Compared with unmodified alginate, the amphoteric flocculant had significantly improved flocculation for the heavy metal ions and negatively-charged pollutants. The flocculating mechanism for heavy metals was chelating, and was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the flocculating mechanism for humic acid was electric neutralization. The adsorption isotherm could be described by a Langmuir model. The flocculation process accorded with quasi-second-order kinetics equation. This novel amphoteric flocculant has promising applications as an environmentally-friendly treatment agent for wastewater.
- Ni, Caihua,Sang, Xinxin,Shi, Gang,Tian, Zhenle,Zhang, Liping
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- Preparation and characterization of a quaternary ammonium derivative of pectin
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Cationic derivatives of pectin were prepared by reacting pectin with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The chemical structures of derivative were characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results revealed that the degree of substitution (DS) of quaternized pectin (QP) could be controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of CHPTAC to pectin, the molar ratio of NaOH to CHPTAC and reaction temperature occurred during quaternization. The moisture absorption (Ra) and moisture retention (Rh) abilities of QP are closely related to the DS value. With the DS value increasing, Ra and Rh increased. In vitro antimicrobial activity assessment exhibited QP showed pronounced inhibitory effect against the three bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis). The improved functionalities of the derivative might be explained by its polycationic characteristics.
- Fan, Lihong,Cao, Mi,Gao, Song,Wang, Weiping,Peng, Kai,Tan, Chang,Wen, Feng,Tao, Shengxiang,Xie, Weiguo
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- Positive ion reactive dye containing polyether amine chain segments and preparation method of positive ion reactive dye
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The invention relates to positive ion reactive dye containing polyether amine chain segments and a preparation method of the positive ion reactive dye and belongs to the fields of dye chemical engineering and textile printing and dyeing.The preparation method of the positive ion reactive dye containing the polyether amine chain segments comprises the steps of selecting a compound of an amino-anthraquinone-containing structure as a color body, making the compound react with 1, 3, 5-trichloro-triazine to generate a dichloro-triazine compound, and then making the dichloro-triazine compound react with various types of polyether amine, so that an intermediate body containing monochloro-triazine-based polyether amine is generated; dropwise adding a glycidyl quaternary ammonium salt compound to the intermediate body containing monochloro-triazine-based polyether amine, so that the positive ion reactive dye containing the polyether amine chain segments is generated.The positive ion reactive dye containing the polyether amine chain segments is novel in structure, the preparation condition is mild, raw materials are easy to obtain, little pollution is caused, a product is high in yield and purity, and the dye can be applied to salt-free dyeing of cotton fabric.
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Paragraph 0050; 0051; 0117; 0118
(2016/10/10)
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- Preparation method of quaternary ammonium salt GTMAC
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The invention belongs to the field of fine chemicals and in particular relates to a preparation method of a quaternary ammonium salt GTMAC. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a mixed solvent, and uniformly mixing the mixed solvent with epoxy chloropropane; (2) introducing trimethylamine gas into a mixed solvent system; controlling the temperature in a reactor to be 10 DEG C to 35 DEG C and the controlling a gas introduction speed to be 40g/h to 80g/h; meanwhile, stirring at a high speed and circularly cooling by chilled water; (3) after introducing the trimethylamine, keeping warm for 1 hour, and then separating, washing and purifying to obtain the product. The preparation method provided by the invention takes the mixed solvent as a reaction system and the synthesis yield is remarkably improved; an effective value of the product is further improved.
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Paragraph 0009
(2016/11/21)
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- POLYCATIONIC POLYHYDROXYL COMPOUNDS
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Described are novel polycationic polyhydroxyl compounds and their uses in personal care compositions.
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Paragraph 0031; 0032; 0033; 0034
(2015/03/16)
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- Salt free dyeing of cellulosic fibers with anionic dyes
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Quaternary ammonium compounds having at least two fiber reactive sites and at least two dye reactive sites, and processes for making and using the same are disclosed. The compounds of the invention can advantageously be used in a cellulosic fabric pretreatment process to allow anionic dyeing without requiring salt to exhaust or drive the dye into the cellulosic fiber.
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- Process for the production of low color 2,3-epoxypropyltrialkylammonium halide
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2,3-Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride having reduced color and method of preparation are disclosed. 2,3-Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride is treated with sodium hypochlorite to reduce its color. 2,3-Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride can be prepared via reaction of trimethylamine and epichlorohydrin. If desired, an aprotic solvent can be used. 2,3-Epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride formed in the resultant slurry, must then be isolated via known methods, such as evaporation, extraction, centrifugation, etc, depending upon the other constituents of the slurry and the residual epichlorohydrin removed. The final product is then treated with an effective amount of sodium hypochlorite. The obtained 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride then is used for, for example, color-sensitive applications such as to produce cationic starch for use in paper manufacture.
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- Quaternary nitrogen containing polyvinyl alcohol polymers for use in skin conditioning, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations
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Polyvinyl alcohol polymers having pendant cationic quaternary nitrogen containing groups provide for a film forming moisture barrier in skin conditioning lotions, ointments, cosmetic conditioning treatments and pharmaceutical formulations.
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