- Improved Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Palladium bis(NHC) Pincer Complexes Bearing Cationic Side Chains
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Stabilizing interactions between charged electrocatalytic intermediates and a series of cationic residues were explored through the synthesis and characterization of six palladium bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) (NHC) complexes bearing unique onium functionalities. The presence of a positively charged, pendant substituent was found to mediate electrode kinetics and facilitate CO2 coordination to the catalytic center in a systematic fashion. The introduction of cationic moieties into this system is shown to enhance catalytic selectivity for the conversion of CO2 to CO by as much as 5 times that of an alkyl-bearing analog. A combination of electrochemical experiments and computational analysis demonstrates that catalyst performance benefits most from a bulky onium unit tethered to the catalyst through a flexible linker. This behavior was interpreted as a preference for a wide, hydrophobic reaction pocket that allows for the unhindered formation of catalytic intermediates and mediated interaction with the solution.
- Deluca, Emile E.,Xu, Zhen,Lam, Jasper,Wolf, Michael O.
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supporting information
p. 1330 - 1343
(2019/03/28)
-
- Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel pyridinium fullerene derivatives
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Purpose: We have previously reported that some cationic fullerene derivatives exhibited anticancer activity, and they are expected to be a potential lead compound for an anti-drug resistant cancer agent. However, they are bis-adducts and a mixture of multiple regioisomers, which cannot be readily separated due to the variability of substituent positions on the fullerene cage. To overcome this issue, we evaluated the antiproliferative activities of a set of mono-adduct derivatives and examined their structure-activity relationship. In addition, the in vivo antitumor activity of selected derivatives was also examined. Methods: Nineteen pyridinium fullerene derivatives were newly designed and synthesized in this study. Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated using several cancer cell lines including drug-resistant cells. Furthermore, in vivo antitumor activity of several derivatives was investigated in mouse xenograft model of human lung cancer. Results: The derivatives inhibited the proliferation of cancer cell lines, including cisplatin-resistant cells and doxorubicin-resistant cells. It was also shown that compound 10 (10 μM), 13 (10 μM) and cis-14 (10 μM) induced the intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, compound 13 (20 mg/kg) and cis-14 (15 mg/kg) significantly exhibited antitumor activity in mouse xenograft model of human lung cancer. Conclusion: We synthesized a novel set of mono-adduct fullerene derivatives functionalized with pyridinium groups and found that most of them show potent antiproliferative activities against cancer cell lines and some of them show significant antitumor activities in vivo. We propose that these fullerene derivatives serve as the lead compounds for a novel type of antitumor agents.
- Yasuno, Takumi,Ohe, Tomoyuki,Ikeda, Hitomi,Takahashi, Kyoko,Nakamura, Shigeo,Mashino, Tadahiko
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p. 6325 - 6337
(2019/08/28)
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- A 2 - chloro -5 - nitrapyrin preparation method
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The invention discloses a 2 - chloro - 5 - trichloromethyl pyridine method, comprises the following steps: (1) the 3 - methyl pyridine is mixed with a solvent, the vaporization of the drops in the vaporization vessel, then in order to inert gas as a carrier gas, to form raw material steam; (2) dry Cl respectively2 The raw material and the steam is sent to the quartz tube catalyst [...] generating vapor phase chlorination reaction, reaction material after the condensation, rectification to obtain 2 - chloro - 5 - trichloromethyl pyridine. The invention relates to a 2 - chloro - 5 - trichloromethyl pyridine method, with raw materials are easy, low cost, easy to operate, simple process and the like.
- -
-
Paragraph 0031-0032
(2019/03/15)
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- NMP-mediated chlorination of aliphatic alcohols with aryl sulfonyl chloride for the synthesis of alkyl chlorides
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NMP-mediated chlorination of aliphatic alcohols has been developed for the synthesis of alkyl chlorides. This facile, efficient and practical approach used simple and readily available aryl sulfonyl chlorides as the chlorination reagent for the construction of C–Cl bond in good to excellent yields with mild conditions and broad substrate scope.
- Zheng, Dagui,Mao, Liu-Liang,Zhu, Xian-Hong,Zhou, An-Xi
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supporting information
p. 2793 - 2800
(2018/11/06)
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- Potent and Selective Human Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition by Optimization of the 2-Aminopyridine-Based Scaffold with a Pyridine Linker
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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. A major challenge in the design of nNOS inhibitors focuses on potency in humans and selectivity over other NOS isoforms. Here we report potent and selective human nNOS inhibitors based on the 2-aminopyridine scaffold with a central pyridine linker. Compound 14j, the most promising inhibitor in this study, exhibits excellent potency for rat nNOS (Ki = 16 nM) with 828-fold n/e and 118-fold n/i selectivity with a Ki value of 13 nM against human nNOS with 1761-fold human n/e selectivity. Compound 14j also displayed good metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, low plasma protein binding, and minimal binding to cytochromes P450 (CYPs), although it had little to no Caco-2 permeability.
- Wang, Heng-Yen,Qin, Yajuan,Li, Huiying,Roman, Linda J.,Martásek, Pavel,Poulos, Thomas L.,Silverman, Richard B.
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supporting information
p. 4913 - 4925
(2016/06/13)
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- Molecular tectonics: Pyridyl containing thiacalix[4]arene based tectons for the generation of 2- and 3-D silver coordination networks
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Three new organic tectons (2-4) based on the p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene backbone, blocked in the 1,3-alternate conformation, bearing four pyridyl coordinating moieties, have been synthesised and characterised in the solid state. The ligands are positional isomers and differ by the position of the N atom on the pyridyl unit (ortho for 2, meta for 3 and para for 4). Their combination with the Ag+ cation leads, reproducibly, to the formation of 2- and 3-D infinite silver coordination networks. Independent of the nature of the anion, the combination of 2 offering four (N,S) type chelates with the Ag+ cation affords an unprecedented diamond type 3D network. Both 3 and 4, behaving as tetrakis monodentate ligands, lead to the formation of 2-D architectures. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Ovsyannikov,Lang,Ferlay,Solovieva,Antipin,Konovalov,Kyritsakas,Hosseini
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p. 116 - 126
(2013/02/22)
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- Antimalarial and structural studies of pyridine-containing inhibitors of 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase
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1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) in the nonmevalonate isoprene biosynthesis pathway is a target for developing antimalarial drugs. Fosmidomycin, a potent DXR inhibitor, showed safety as well as efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in clinical trials. On the basis of our previous quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and crystallographic studies, several novel pyridine-containing fosmidomycin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and found to be highly potent inhibitors of P. falciparum DXR (PfDXR) having Ki values of 1.9-13 nM, with the best one being ~11× more active than fosmidomycin. These compounds also potently block the proliferation of multidrug resistant P. falciparum with EC 50 values as low as 170 nM. A 2.3 A? crystal structure of PfDXR in complex with one of the inhibitors is reported, showing that the flexible loop of the protein undergoes conformational changes upon ligand binding and a hydrogen bond and favorable hydrophobic interactions between the pyridine group and the PfDXR account for the enhanced activity.
- Xue, Jian,Diao, Jiasheng,Cai, Guobin,Deng, Lisheng,Zheng, Baisong,Yao, Yuan,Song, Yongcheng
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supporting information
p. 278 - 282
(2013/03/29)
-
- Discovery of highly potent and selective D4 ligands by interactive SAR study
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A series of thienylmethylphenylpiperazins was synthesized and tested for affinity towards the five subtypes of dopaminergic receptors. Compound 5f showed more than 1000 folds selectivity to D4 receptors; analogue 5e showed the highest affinity to D4 receptors with Ki 3.9 nM. An interactive SAR approach was adopted and lead to compound 14a with Ki (D4) as low as 0.03 nM. Molecular docking studies showed a potential, first to report arene cation interaction between the D4 unique residue Arg-186 and the ligands' arene moiety, explaining the importance of having a strong negative electrostatic potential at this area of the compound structure.
- Abdelfattah, Mohamed A.O.,Lehmann, Jochen,Abadi, Ashraf H.
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supporting information
p. 5077 - 5081
(2013/09/12)
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- Efficient synthesis of a new series of piperidine ring-modified analogs of (±)-threo-methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate
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A series of novel piperidine ring modified analogs of (±)-threo- methyl phenyl (piperidin-2-yl)acetate was synthesized by direct alkylation and reductive amination procedure, using sodium borohydride over molecular sieves. The chemical structures of these compounds were established based on mass spectra, 1H NMR spectra, and CHN elemental analysis data. Several significant modifications in the literature methodologies were made to make the reaction more efficient, and good yields were generally obtained. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Ojo, Babatunde
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experimental part
p. 1731 - 1745
(2012/06/29)
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- Treatment of alcohols with tosyl chloride does not always lead to the formation of tosylates
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Treatment of substituted benzyl alcohols with tosyl chloride resulted in the formation of the corresponding chlorides, not the usual tosylates. A series of experiments demonstrated that it was possible to predict whether chlorination or tosylation would occur for substituted benzyl alcohols and pyridine methanols. Treatment of electron withdrawing group-substituted benzyl alcohols with tosyl chloride gave the corresponding chlorides in moderate yields under mild conditions, which provided a simple way to directly prepare chlorides from alcohols.
- Ding, Rui,He, Yong,Wang, Xiao,Xu, Jingli,Chen, Yurong,Feng, Man,Qi, Chuanmin
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experimental part
p. 5665 - 5673
(2011/09/20)
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- PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES SUBSTITUTED BY HETEROCYCLIC RING AND PHOSPHONOAMINO GROUP, AND ANTI-FUNGAL AGENT CONTAINING SAME
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Anti-fungal agent having excellent anti-fungal action physicochemical properties including safety and water solubility. Compound represented by formula (I), or salt thereof: wherein R1 represents hydrogen, halogen, amino, R11-NH- wherein R11 represents C1-6 alkyl, hydroxy C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6alkoxycarbonyl C1-6 alkyl, R12-(CO)-NH- wherein R12 represents C1-6 alkyl group or C1-6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, hydroxy C1-6 alkyl, cyano C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, or C1-6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl or a phosphonoamino group; R2 represents hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, amino, or a di C1-6 alkylamino group or a phosphonoamino group; one of X and Y is nitrogen while the other is nitrogen or oxygen; ring A represents a 5- or 6-member heteroaryl ring or a benzene ring which may have a halogen atom or 1 or 2 C1-6 alkyl groups; Z represents a single bond, a methylene group, an ethylene group, oxygen, sulfur, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -NH-, -CH2NH-, -NHCH2-, -CH2S-, or -SCH2-; R3 represents hydrogen or halogen or C1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, a 5- or 6-member heteroaryl group or a 5- or 6-member nonaromatic heterocyclic group which may have 1 or 2 substituents; and R4 represents hydrogen or halogen; provided that either R1 or R2 represents a phosphonoamino group.
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Page/Page column 98-99
(2009/04/24)
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- INDAZOLYL, BENZIMIDAZOLYL, BENZOTRIAZOLYL SUBSTITUTED INDOLMONE DERIVATIVES AS KINASE INHIBITORS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
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The present invention is directed to a compound is represented by Structural Formula (A):or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt therof. The present invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by Structural Formula (A) described above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Also disclosed is a method of treating a subject having cancer, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Structural Formula (A) described above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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Page/Page column 91-92
(2009/07/25)
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- Heterocycles substituted pyridine derivatives and antifungal agent containing thereof
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An object of the present invention is to provide an antifungal agent which has excellent antifungal effects and is superior in terms of its physical properties, safety and metabolic stability. According to the present invention, there is disclosed a compound represented by the following formula (I), or a salt thereof: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C1-6 alkoxy group or a C1-6 alkoxy C1-6 alkyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group, an amino group or a di C1-6 alkylamino group; one of X and Y is a nitrogen atom while the other is a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom; ring A represents a 5- or 6-member heteroaryl ring or a benzene ring which may have a halogen atom, or 1 or 2 C1-6 alkyl groups; Z represents a single bond, a methylene group, an ethylene group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —NH—, —CH2NH—, —NHCH2—, —CH2S—, or —SCH2—; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C3-8 cycloalkyl group, a C6-10 aryl group, a 5- or 6-member heteroaryl group, or 5- or 6-member non-aromatic heterocyclic group which may have 1 or 2 substituents; and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
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Page/Page column 97-98
(2010/11/27)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING BACTERICIDAL PYRIDINE COMPOUND AND BACTERICIDAL PYRIDINE COMPOUND
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Provided are novel pyridine compounds represented by the following formula (7): wherein R1 and R4 may be the same or different and are each a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R2 and R5 are hydrogen atoms, or may be the same or different and are each a halogen atom, lower alkyl group or lower alkoxy group; R3 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; R6 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and Z is a chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom or an OSO2R7 group in which R7 is a lower alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. Also provided is their production process, which can easily provide them at low cost from readily-available pyridine compounds as starting raw materials.
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Page/Page column 15
(2008/06/13)
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- Beta lactam compounds and their use as inhibitors of tryptase
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Beta lactam compounds are provided which have the structure wherein B, A, D, R1, R2, R3 and X1 are as defined herein, and which are useful as inhibitors of tryptase, thrombin, trypsin, Factor Xa, Factor VIIa, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator and may be employed in preventing and/or treating asthma and allergic rhinitis.
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Page/Page column 26-27
(2010/02/07)
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- Inhibitors of aspartyl protease
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The present invention relates to a novel class of sulfonamides which are aspartyl protease inhibitors. In one embodiment, this invention relates to a novel class of HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors characterized by specific structural and physicochemical features. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as anti-viral agents against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of HIV aspartyl protease using the compounds of this invention and methods for screening compounds for anti-HIV activity.
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- Preparation of pyridone derivatives using phthalimido containing starting material
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A process for preparing a pyridone derivative (4), which comprises reacting the compound (1) with a hypochlorite or a hypobromite or with lead tetraacetate to give the compound (2), and reacting the compound (2) with the compound (3). Said process is preferably especially from the standpoint of safety. wherein R1is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, etc.; Y1is hydrogen, alky, substituted alky, etc.; Y2and Y3are indenpently hydrogen, halogen, etc.; and L is alkyl, substituted alky, etc.
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- Indole derivatives thromboxane A2 antagonists
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Compounds of formula (I): STR1 and pharmaceutically acceptable salt and biolabile esters thereof, wherein R1 is H, C1 -C4 alkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by up to three substituents independently selected from C1 -C4 alkyl, C1 -C4 alkoxy, halogen and CF3, or is 1-imidazolyl, 3-pyridyl or 4-pyridyl; R2 is H or C1 -C4 alkyl, R3 is SO2 R4 or COR4 where R4 is C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C3 perfluoroalkyl(CH2)p, C3 -C6 cycloalkyl(CH2)p, aryl(CH2)p, or heteroaryl(CH2)p, p being 0, 1 or 2, or R4 may be NR5 R6 where R5 is H or C1 -C4 alkyl and R6 is C1 -C6, alkyl, C3 -C6 cycloalkyl or aryl, or R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring which may optionally incorporate a carbon-carbon double bond or a further heteroatom linkage selected from O, S, NH, N(C1 -C4 alkyl) and N(C1 -C5 alkanoyl); X is CH2 or a direct link, with the proviso that when R1 is 1-imidazolyl then X is CH2 ; m is 2, or 3; n is 0, 1 or 2, and wherein the group (CH2)n NHR3 is attached at the 5-position when n is 0 or 1, or at the 5- or 4-position when n is 2. These compounds are selective TXA2 and PGH2 antagonists. Some also inhibit thromboxane synthetase.
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- Esterification of carboxylic acid salts
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Mono- or polycarboxylic acid esters are prepared by reacting a salt of such carboxylic acid with an organic halocompound, e.g., a (cyclo)alkyl, (cyclo)alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl halide, in an aqueous reaction medium, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a phase transfer catalyst, for example an onium salt.
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- Development of orally active oxytocin antagonists: Studies on 1-(1-{4- [1-(2-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yloxy].2methoxybenzoyl}- 4-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenz[d][1,3]oxazin-2-one (L-372,662) and related pyridines
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The previously reported oxytocin antagonist L-371,257 (2) has been modified at its acetylpiperidine terminus to incorporate various pyridine N- oxide groups. This modification has led to the identification of compounds with improved pharmacokinetics and excellent oral bioavailability. The pyridine N-oxide series is exemplified by L-372,662 (30), which possessed good potency in vitro (Ki = 4.1 nM, cloned human oxytocin receptor) and in vivo (intravenous AD50 = 0.71 mg/kg in the rat), excellent oral bioavailability (90% in the rat, 96% in the dog), good aqueous solubility (>8.5 mg/mL at pH 5.2) which should facilitate formulation for iv administration, and excellent selectivity against the human arginine vasopressin receptors. Incorporation of a 5-fluoro substituent on the central benzoyl ring of this class of oxytocin antagonists enhanced in vitro and in vivo potency but was detrimental to the pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds. Although lipophilic substitution around the pyridine ring of compound 30 gave higher affinity in vitro, such substituents were a metabolic liability and caused shortfalls in vivo. Two approaches to prevent this metabolism, addition of a cyclic constraint and incorporation of trifluoromethyl groups, were examined. The former approach was ineffective because of metabolic hydroxylation on the constrained ring system, whereas the latter showed improvement in plasma pharmacokinetics in some cases.
- Bell, Ian M.,Erb, Jill M.,Freidinger, Roger M.,Gallicchio, Steven N.,Guare, James P.,Guidotti, Maribeth T.,Halpin, Rita A.,Hobbs, Doug W.,Homnick, Carl F.,Kuo, Michelle S.,Lis, Edward V.,Mathre, David J.,Michelson, Stuart R.,Pawluczy, Joseph M.,Pettibone, Douglas J.,Reiss, Duane R.,Vickers, Stanley,Williams, Peter D.,Woyden, Carla J.
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p. 2146 - 2163
(2007/10/03)
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- Quinolinoxy phenylsulphonamides
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New phenylsulphonamide of the formula in which STR1 R1 represents a pyridyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cyano, nitro, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylsulphonyl, R2 represents hydrogen, cyano, nitro, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl, R3 represents an aryl radical which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted by halogen, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, cyano, nitro or alkoxycarbonyl, the substituents being identical or different, or represents pentafluorophenyl or represents a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, aryl, aryloxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy, alkylthio or trifluoromethyl, and X represents an --O--, --A--B-- or --B--A-- group where A denotes --O--, STR2 and B denotes --CH2 -- or STR3 where R1 does not represent a pyridyl radical when x represents an --O-- group, and salts thereof are prepared by reacting appropriate amines with sulphonyl halides. The substituted phenylsulphonamides can be employed as active compounds for inhibiting enzymatic reactions and for inhibiting thrombocyte aggregations.
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- Asymmetric Syntheses via Heterocyclic Intermediates, V. - Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Methyl Amino Acids by Alkylation of the Lithiated Lactim Ether of cyclo-(L-Ala-L-Ala)
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The (3S,6S)-2,5-dimethoxy-3,6-dimethyl-3,6-dihydropyrazine (7) is obtained from cyclo-(L-Ala-L-Ala) 5 (93-95percent optically pure) and trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate.With butyllithium the lithio derivative 8 is formed which reacts with alkyl halides in good chemical yields and with more than 90percent diastereoselectivity, whereby R-configuration is induced at C-3.A model concept is discussed, which explains the remarkably high asymmetric induction. - Hydrolysis (0.25 N HCl, room temp.) gives L-alanine methyl ester (4) and the (R)-α-methyl amino acid methyl esters 13.The two amino acid esters are separable by distillation or chromatography.
- Schoellkopf, Ulrich,Hartwig, Wolfgang,Groth, Ulrich,Westphalen, Karl-Otto
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p. 696 - 708
(2007/10/02)
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- Optical brightening agents of naphthalimide derivatives
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A naphthalimide derivative having the formula STR1 wherein R is an alkyl, or cycloalkyl, an aralkyl, a haloalkyl, an alkoxyalkyl, a hydroxyalkyl, an N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl, an unsubstituted or halogen-, alkyl-, alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted aryl, or an ammoniumalkyl; X is a group of the formula, STR2 wherein A is STR3 or an unsubstituted or halogen-substituted arylene, or a group of the formula, STR4 wherein R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl, phenyl, a hydroxyalkyl, or an alkoxyalkyl; Y is --CO--, --COO--, --CONR3 -- (where R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl), or --SO2 --; R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, an aralkyl, a haloalkyl, an alkyl- or aryl-substituted amino-alkyl, an unsubstituted or halogen-, alkyl-, alkoxy-, hydroxy-, amino- or alkylamino-substituted aryl, a group of the formula, STR5 (where R, R1 and Y are as defined above and R4 is a bivalent group), or a group of the formula, (where R5 is direct linkage or a bivalent group; Q+ is a substituted ammonium, a cycloammonium or a hydrazinium; and α- is an anion), Which is useful for optically brightening an organic polymer material.
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