- Synthesis of DNA-Binding Peptoids
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Programmable molecular recognition through nucleic acid base pairing has enabled applications in nano- and biotechnology using DNA, RNA, PNA, and more recently, bifacial PNA (bPNA). We describe herein the synthesis and DNA recognition properties of peptoid backbones bearing the bifacial synthetic nucleobase melamine. These 'peptoid nucleic acids' hybridize with thymine-rich DNA, like their peptide cognate (bPNA). DNA complexation is highly sensitive to peptoid side-chain length and overall charge. Peptoids isomeric with peptide bPNA were less efficient at DNA recognition, possibly due to conformational and steric differences. 1 Triazines and DNA Molecular Recognition 2 Synthesis of DNA-Binding Peptoids 3 Peptoid-DNA Binding Studies
- Mao, Jie,Bong, Dennis
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- Safe and environment-friendly cyromazine synthesis method
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The invention discloses a safe and environment-friendly cyromazine synthesis method which comprises the following steps: reacting cyanuric chloride serving as a raw material with ammonium salt under the action of a catalyst to obtain an intermediate 2-chlorine-4, 6-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine, and reacting the intermediate 2-chlorine-4, 6-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine with cyclopropylamine to obtain cyromazine. According to the method, the ammonium salt is used as the source of ammonia, the yield of cyromazine can be effectively increased under the action of the catalyst, high-pollution flammable andexplosive ammonia water or liquid ammonia can be prevented from being used, meanwhile, due to the fact that the use amount of the ammonium salt is greatly reduced, the ammonia nitrogen value in the wastewater can be reduced, pollution is reduced from the source, and the process safety is improved; the treatment difficulty and the treatment cost of the wastewater can also be reduced.
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Paragraph 0006; 0019-0028
(2021/03/18)
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- SUBSTITUTED (PIPERIDIN-1-YL)ARYL ANALOGUES FOR MODULATING AVILACTIVITY
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In one aspect, the disclosure relates to compounds useful to regulate, limit, or inhibit the expression of AVIL (advillin), methods of making same, pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, and methods of treating disorders associated with AVIL dysregulation using same. In aspects, the disclosed compounds, compositions and methods are useful for treating disorders or diseases in which the regulation, limitation, or inhibition of the expression of AVIL can be clinically useful, such as, for example, the treatment of cancer. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.
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Paragraph 0364; 0367
(2020/11/12)
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- Preparation method of cyromazine
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The invention discloses a preparation method of cyromazine. Melamine is used as an initial raw material; the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out an acidic hydrolysis reaction to obtain 4, 6-diamino-2-hydroxy-1, 3, 5-triazine, carrying out a chlorination reaction on 4, 6-diamino-2-hydroxy-1, 3, 5-triazine to obtain a toluene solution of 4, 6-diamino-2-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazine, and carrying out an amination reaction on 4, 6-diamino-2-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazine and cyclopropylamine so as to generate cyromazine. According to the method, toxic 2-cyclopropylamino-4, 6-dichloro-S-triazine is prevented from being generated, ammoniation pressurizing equipment is prevented from being used, reaction conditions are milder, cheaper materials are used, and the prepared cyclopropylamine is high in yield and good in quality.
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Paragraph 0023; 0025; 0027; 0029; 0031; 0033; 0035; 0037; 00
(2020/09/16)
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- Synthesis, characterization and determination of HOMO-LUMO of the substituted 1,3,5-triazine molecule for the applications of organic electronics
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The most important parameter of organic molecules for energy harvesting application focuses mainly on their band gap (HOMO-LUMO). In this report, we synthesized differently substituted 1,3,5-triazine based organic molecule which on future processing can be used in organic electronics like solar cells and OLED's. The energy gap of the synthesized novel analogue was calculated using cyclic voltammetry, UV-Visible spectroscopy and compared with density functional theory (DFT) studies.
- Pakkath, Rajeesh,Eeda, Koti Reddy,Kuriakose, Sheena,Saritha,Sajith, Ayyiliath M.,Karuvalam, Ranjith Pakkath,Haridas, Karickal Raman
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p. 352 - 359
(2019/10/16)
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- Integrated photocatalytic-biological treatment of triazine-containing pollutants
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The degradation of triazine-containing pollutants including simazine, Irgarol 1051 and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2G (K-2G) by photocatalytic treatment was investigated. The effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) concentration, initial pH of reaction mixture, irradiation time and ultraviolet (UV) intensity on photocatalytic treatment efficiency were examined. Complete decolorization of K-2G was observed at 60 min photodegradation while only 15 min were required to completely degrade simazine and Irgarol 1051 under respective optimized conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ion chromatography (IC) were employed to identify the photocatalytic degradation intermediates and products. Dealkylated intermediates of simazine, deisopropylatrazine and deethyldeisopropylatrazine, and Irgarol 1051 were detected by GC/MS in the initial phase of degradation. Complete mineralization could not be achieved for all triazine-containing pollutants even after prolonged (>72 h) UV irradiation due to the presence of a photocatalysis-resistant end product, cyanuric acid (CA). The toxicities of different compounds before and after photocatalytic treatment were also monitored by three bioassays. To further treat the photocatalysis-resistant end product, a CA-degrading bacterium was isolated from polluted marine sediment and further identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae by comparing the substrate utilization pattern (Biolog microplate), fatty acid composition and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. K. pneumoniae efficiently utilized CA from 1 to 2000 mg/L as a good nitrogen source and complete mineralization of CA was observed within 24 h of incubation. This study demonstrates that the biodegradability of triazine-containing pollutants was significantly improved by the photocatalytic pre-treatment, and this proposed photocatalytic-biological integrated system can effectively treat various classes of triazine-containing pollutants.
- Chan, Cho Yin,Chan, Ho Shing,Wong, Po Keung
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p. 371 - 380
(2019/02/07)
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- A cyclopropanecarboxylic ammonia qin preparation method (by machine translation)
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A cyclopropanecarboxylic ammonia qin preparation method, comprises the following steps: 1) under stirring conditions, for 0 - 5 °C lower, the cyanuric chloride is dissolved in organic solvent, drip and processing industry ammonia water, heated to 40 - 45 °C, thermal insulation reaction 5 - 6.5 h, to the reaction solution, the separated solvent, is added to the residual liquid purified water, stirring 1 - 1.5 h, to room temperature, filtered, washing, drying, get intermediate, the intermediate body is 2 - chloro - 4.6 - diamino - 1.3.5 - triazine; 2) at room temperature, step 1) preparation of the intermediate is added to the purification in the water, and then adding the amine, heating up to 90 - 95 °C, [...], adjusting the pH to 7.5 - 8.5; then the 98 - 100 °C lower, reaction 3.5 - 4.5 h, decoloring, filter, to obtain a reaction solution; cooling to 40 - 50 °C, crystalline 1 - 2 h, to cool down to - 5 - 0 °C, filtered, washed, dried, a cyclopropanecarboxylic ammonia qin. Preparation method of the invention, the process is simple, high safety, low cost, convenient to industrial production, and the product has high purity, low impurity content, good stability. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0032; 0036; 0038; 0040
(2018/08/04)
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- Understanding the effect of an amino group on the selective and ultrafast detection of TNP in water using fluorescent organic probes
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We have designed and developed three single-molecule fluorescent probes differing in the number of amino groups, namely 5-((4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)isophthalic acid (H2ATAIA, 1), 5-((4-amino-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)isophthalic acid (H2AMTAIA, 2) and 5-((4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)isophthalic acid (H2DMTAIA, 3), from cheap and readily available starting materials via simple procedures in high yields for demonstrating their application in highly selective and ultrafast sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) in water (slurry mode). Probes 1-3 have been characterized by various analytical techniques, such as melting point, FTIR, UV-vis and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). It is quite evident that the effect of an amino group is more prominent compared to a methoxy group towards the selective detection of TNP over other potentially interfering nitro compounds. The detection limit for the diamino derivative was found to be 120 ppb compared to those with one amino or no amino group (0.8 ppm and 1.2 ppm, respectively). We also report the ideal real time detection of TNP through a contact mode or instant spot via paper strips. Spectral overlap, time-resolved fluorescence studies, quantum yield, Stern-Volmer plots, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and DFT calculations have been used to establish their mechanism of action. Furthermore, competitive nitro-analyte tests demonstrate that the selectivity for TNP is more in 1 compared to 2 and 3. To the best of our knowledge, we have demonstrated for the first time molecular decoding of TNP based on the dual read-out identification scheme constructed from life-time and quantum yield. These probes have been found to be highly photostable in the presence of acidic TNP as well as recyclable without much loss of sensitivity up to five cycles. These results vividly depict that these are excellent candidates for environmental monitoring.
- Das, Prasenjit,Mandal, Sanjay K.
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p. 3288 - 3297
(2018/04/05)
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- N-Methylmelamines: Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties
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N-Methylmelamines have recently gained importance as valuable compounds for manufacturing modified melamine formaldehyde resins and other polymer building blocks. A great advantage of these polymers is the reduction of the carcinogenic formaldehyde. Selecting the polymerization processes (e.g., substance polymerization, polymerization in solution) and controlling the polymerization reaction and properties of these novel materials requires knowledge of the properties of the individual melamine derivatives used as new building blocks. All possible permutations of N-methylmelamines were prepared, and reaction progress was monitored by GC/MS. 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine was prepared to complete the series; this is, however, also a possible byproduct in various synthesis routes. The reaction conditions were optimized to obtain high yields of each derivative with the highest possible purity. The substances were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, physical properties, such as solubility, melting points, and pKb values, were determined. The number of amino-, methylamino-, and dimethylamino groups has a significant effect on these properties. In summary, we found that by increasing the number of amino- and methylamino groups, solubility and pKb increase. With increasing number of amino groups, the compounds tend to form hydrogen bonds, and thus, the melting point shifts to higher temperature ranges where they start to decompose.
- List, Manuela,Puchinger, Helmut,Gabriel, Herbert,Monkowius, Uwe,Schwarzinger, Clemens
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p. 4066 - 4075
(2016/06/09)
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- Halogen-free expansion type flame retardant containing thiotriazinone phosphoramidate and preparation method thereof
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The invention relates to a halogen-free expansion type flame retardant containing thiotriazinone phosphoramidate and a preparation method thereof. Tricyanogen chloride, piperazine, organic amine, ammonia water and phosphoryl chloride serve as main raw materials, the compound is prepared through replacing and condensation reactions, and the advantages that the raw materials are easy to obtain and production is stable are achieved. The obtained compound containing P-N piperazine-riazine-phosphate ester structural units combines a carbon source, a gas source and an acid source into one molecular structure. The flame retardant has good water-resistant characteristic and can serve as flame retardant of most high-polymer materials, and good application prospects are achieved.
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Paragraph 0032; 0033; 0034; 0035
(2016/10/31)
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- Synthesis of polyguanamines from 2-N,N-dibutylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5- triazine with aromatic diamines
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Solution polycondensation of 2-N,N-dibutylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (BDCT) with various aromatic diamines, including 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), p-phenylenediamine (pPDA), m-phenylenediamine (mPDA), o-tolidine (oTD), 4,4′-(9-fluorenylidene)dianiline (BAFL), and 2,4-diamino-6-(N,N- dibutylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (DABT), was investigated. High molecular weight (>10,000) polyguanamines (PGs) were obtained via the polymerization of BDCT with ODA, pPDA, oTD, and BAFL at 150-180 C in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) for 6 h. The polymerizability with BDCT was determined on the basis of the molecular weights of the polymers and the chemical shifts of the NMR data as follows: ODA > oTD > BAFL > pPDA > mPDA ? DABT. PGs were obtained from the reaction of BDCT with ODA and mPDA in only 55-77% yield, which may be attributed to the formation of cyclic oligomers. All of the polymers showed high thermostability (5% weight-loss temperature in N2 greater than 444 C), and the polymers generated from reaction of BDCT with ODA, mPDA, and BAFL exhibited good solubility in tetrahydrofuran and polar aprotic solvents such as NMP.
- Saito, Kyohei,Nishimura, Naoya,Sasaki, Shigeko,Oishi, Yoshiyuki,Shibasaki, Yuji
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p. 756 - 763
(2013/06/26)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING N-METHYLATED MELAMINES
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The present invention provides a process for preparing N-methylated melamines in simple steps by using inexpensive raw materials in such a manner that the proportion of mono-type, bis-type and tris-type of the N-methylated melamines as prepared can be controlled. The process comprises reacting by heating melamine with methylamine in the presence of an acidic catalyst under pressure to substitute at least one amino group of the melamine by methylamino group
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- Method of alkylating triazine derivatives
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PCT No. PCT/JP95/00881 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 7, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 7, 1997 PCT Filed May 9, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/30662 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 16, 1995The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing substituted-1,3,5-triazine derivatives at high yield, in which at least one of carbon atoms in the ring thereof is substituted by a secondary amine group having at leat one of alkyl groups. The method of the present invention is a method for alkylation of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, characterized by reacting 1,3,5-triazine derivatives (melamines, melamine derivatives, various kinds of guanaminde derivatives, etc.) which has at least one or more amino groups or mono-substituted amino groups on carbon atom of the ring thereof, with aldehydes or ketones alcohols in the presence of a catalyst of a metal of group VII and/or group VIII in the periodic table and a hydrogen-containing gas to alkylate said at least one of amino groups or mono-substituted amino groups. These derivatives are widely used as intermediates of fine chemicals such as agricultural chemicals, medications, dyestuffs, paints and the like and are widely used resin materials and as flame-retardant materials.
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- Hierarchical Self-Organization of Perylene Bisimide - Melamine Assemblies to Fluorescent Mesoscopic Superstructures
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A series of three perylene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide dyes 3a-c bearing phenoxy substituents at the four bay positions of the perylene core were synthesized and their complexation behavior to complementary ditopic dialkyl melamines 8a-c was investigated. Binding constants and Gibbs binding energies for the hydrogen bonds between the imide and the complementary melamine moiety have been determined in several solvents by NMR and UV/Vis titration experiments with monotopic model compounds 5 and 9. The effects of the solvent polarity and specific solvent-solute interactions on the degree of polymerization of (3-8)n are discussed, and a general formula to estimate the chain length of [AA-BB]n nylon-type supramolecular polymers is derived. In addition to the formation of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular chain, π-π interactions were observed for perylene bisimide - melamine assemblies 3b·8b and 3b8c in aliphatic solvents. The orthogonal nature of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions leads to three-dimensional growth yielding large-sized aggregates already in dilute solution. On suitable substrates, densely intertwined networks of nano-to mesoscopic strands are formed which have been investigated by electron microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy and optical polarization microscopy. The high fluorescence and excellent photostability of these superstructures is promising for future studies on energy migration and artificial light harvesting at the nano- and mesoscopic length scale.
- Wuerthner, Frank,Thalacker, Christoph,Sautter, Armin,Schaertl, Wolfgang,Ibach, Wolfram,Hollricher, Olaf
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p. 3871 - 3886
(2007/10/03)
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- Method for modifying 1,3,5-triazine derivatives
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PCT No. PCT/JP96/03762 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 22, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 22, 1998 PCT Filed Dec. 24, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/24338 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 10, 1997A method for modifying 1,3,5-triazine derivatives characterized by heating and reacting a 1,3,5-triazine derivatives having at least one amino or mono-substituted amino group on a carbon atom or atoms on its ring with an alcohol in the presence of a metal catalyst and a hydrogen atom to introduce an alkyl group or an alkenyl group into each amino or mono-substituted amino group; another method for modifying 1,3,5-triazine derivatives characterized by heating and reacting a 1,3,5-triazine derivatives having at least one amino or mono-substituted amino group on a carbon atom or atoms on its ring with a dihydric alcohol in the presence of a metal catalyst and a hydrogen atom to introduce an alkyl group having a hydroxyl group into each amino or mono-substituted amino group; and 1,3,5-triazine derivatives obtained by the methods. The various modified sustituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives thus produced are generally obtained as a mixture. These derivatives can be isolated as compounds having high-purity by a normal separation method for organic compounds, and the compounds are usable in the various applications mentioned in the specification.
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- Manganese dioxide as a catalyst for oxygen-independent atrazine dealkylation
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The herbicide atrazine is widely distributed in the environment, and its reactivity with soil minerals is an important issue. We have studied atrazine degradation on the surface of synthetic hydrous (10% H2O) δ-MnO2 (birnessite) using UV resonance Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The products are mainly mono-and didealkyl atrazine. Atrazine disappearance is rapid (τ(1/2) ~ 5 h at 30 °C), independent of whether O2 is present or not. MnO2 reduction is a minor reaction, and the alkyl chains are converted mainly to the alkenes, in a nonredox process. A novel dealkylation mechanism is proposed involving proton transfer to Mn(IV)-stabilized oxo and imido bonds. When O2 is present, olefin oxidation and ring mineralization are also observed as secondary reactions in addition to those discussed above. Thus δ-MnO2, a common soil constituent, is found to promote efficient N- dealkylation of the herbicide atrazine at 30 °C, via a nonoxidative mechanism. The herbicide atrazine is widely distributed in the environment, and its reactivity with soil minerals is an important issue. We have studied atrazine degradation on the surface of synthetic hydrous (10% H2O) δ-MnO2 (birnessite) using UV resonance Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The products are mainly mono- and didealkyl atrazine. Atrazine disappearance is rapid (τ1/2 approximately 5 h at 30 °C), independent of whether O2 is present or not. MnO2 reduction is a minor reaction, and the alkyl chains are converted mainly to the alkenes, in a nonredox process. A novel dealkylation mechanism is proposed involving proton transfer to Mn(IV)-stabilized oxo and imido bonds. When O2 is present, olefin oxidation and ring mineralization are also observed as secondary reactions in addition to those discussed above. Thus δ-MnO2, a common soil constituent, is found to promote efficient N-dealkylation of the herbicide atrazine at 30 °C, via a nonoxidative mechanism.
- Wang, Daojing,Shin, Jin Y.,Cheney, Marcos A.,Sposito, Garrison,Spiro, Thomas G.
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p. 3160 - 3165
(2007/10/03)
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- CYANOETHYLMELAMINE DERIVATIVES AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
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The present invention relates to a cyanoethylmelamine derivatives of the formula I: {wherein 1 to 5 of the substituents X' to X6represent a cyanoethyl group and at least one remaining group represents a C1-20alkyl group, a C2-20alkenyl group (said alkyl or alkenyl group may optionally have an alicyclic group or a phenyl group in its structure), a C5-6cycloalkyl group or a phenyl group, or two of the substituent groups bonded to the same nitrogen atom together may form an alkylene chain having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and the remaining substituent or substituents represents a hydrogen atom}. The production of cyanoethylmelamine derivatives can be obtained at high yield by reacting N-substituted melamine derivatives with acrylonitrile or reacting mono- or di-halogeno-N-substituted triazine derivative with aminopropionitrile. The compounds of the formula (I) are useful compounds as intermediates for fine chemicals such as agricultural chemicals, medicines, dye stuffs, paints, etc. and as crosslinking intermediates for resins.
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- Study of the mechanisms of the photodegradation of atrazine in the presence of two photocatalysts: TiO2 and Na4W10O32
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The mechanisms of the photodegradation of atrazine under direct photolysis and in the presence of two different photocatalysts, TiO2 and Na4W10O32, are investigated by the means of GC/MS, total radioactivity counting, HPLC and TLC analysis on 14C ring-labelled atrazine solutions. Integration of photo- and biodegradation processes is studied.
- Texier, Isabelle,Ouazzani, Jamal,Delaire, Jacques,Giannotti, Charles
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p. 3401 - 3412
(2007/10/03)
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- Atrazine photolysis: Mechanistic investigations of direct and nitrate- mediated hydroxy radical processes and the influence of dissolved organic carbon from the Chesapeake Bay
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Direct and nitrate-mediated hydroxy radical photoprocesses were examined with respect to atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) transformation. Irradiation (λ > 290 nm) of aqueous solutions of atrazine in the presence of nitrate, which generates ·OH, yielded 20% of 6-amino-2- chloro-4-isopropylamino-s-triazine (CIAT), 10% of 6-amino-2-chloro-4- ethylamino-s-triazine (CEAT), 6% of 4-acetamide-2-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s- triazine (CDIT), 3% of 4-acetamide-2-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine (CDET), 16% of chlorodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT), and 3% of hydroxy atrazine (OIET, 4- ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-2-hydroxy-s-triazine) at 87% atrazine conversion. Direct photolysis of atrazine was much slower and at 23% atrazine conversion gave rise to 14% OIET and ca. 9% of chloroalkyloxidized or chlorodealkylated compounds with the ratio of the reaction rate constants equal to 0.14 (κ(direct)/κ(indirect)). Results also suggest that DIET was not the product of a hydroxy radical process. The efficiency of the hydroxy radical process decreased more than 85%, with increasing DOC obtained from the surface layer of the Chesapeake Bay. However, only a slight decrease (15%) in efficiency was observed for direct photolysis, suggesting that in the presence of surface layer DOC direct photolysis may become more important relative to the ·OH processes.
- Torrents, Alba,Anderson, Brent G.,Bilboulian, Susanna,Johnson, W. Edward,Hapeman, Cathleen J.
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p. 1476 - 1482
(2007/10/03)
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- Photosensitized degradation of terbuthylazine in water
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We investigated the photodegradation of terbuthylazine, an s-triazine herbicide, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), acetone or humic substances. In the presence of H2O2 and UV light, the degradation of terbuthylazine quickly leads to the formation of ammeline. The degradation pathway consists of dealkylation reactions giving 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, and then ammeline through hydroxylation. Irradiation of terbuthylazine with simulated solar light in the presence of titanium dioxide gives also dealkylation products in the first stage of degradation. Acetone at 1% (v/v) produces a 7-fold enhancement of the degradation rate. In the presence of humic substances, different results were obtained, depending on the origin of the substances tested. The humic acids isolated from a soil accelerate the degradation speed, whereas the fulvic acids from a small stream reduce it.
- Sanlaville,Guittonneau,Mansour,Feicht,Meallier,Kettrup
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p. 353 - 362
(2007/10/03)
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- Organic white pigment
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A novel organic white pigment which can be applied to an organic white pigment composition useful as a paper coating agent or an aqueous or oily ink or paint is provided. This organic white pigment consists of an alkylenebismelamine derivative, represented by the following general formula (I), STR1 wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alicyclic group, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are respectively same or different hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl groups containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 and R2, or R3 and R4 may respectively form heterocyclic groups with nitrogen atoms and X is a lower alkylene group containing 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
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