- Deuterated Indocyanine Green (ICG) with Extended Aqueous Storage Shelf-Life: Chemical and Clinical Implications
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Indocyanine Green (ICG) is a clinically approved near-infrared fluorescent dye that is used extensively for various imaging and diagnostic procedures. One drawback with ICG is its instability in water, which means that reconstituted clinical doses have to be used very shortly after preparation. Two deuterated versions of ICG were prepared with deuterium atoms on the heptamethine chain, and the spectral, physiochemical, and photostability properties were quantified. A notable mechanistic finding is that self-aggregation of ICG in water strongly favors dye degradation by a photochemical oxidative dimerization reaction that gives a nonfluorescent product. Storage stability studies showed that replacement of C?H with C?D decreased the dimerization rate constant by a factor of 3.1, and it is likely that many medical and preclinical procedures will benefit from the longer shelf-lives of these two deuterated ICG dyes. The discovery that ICG self-aggregation promotes photoinduced electron transfer can be exploited as a new paradigm for next-generation photodynamic therapies.
- Li, Dong-Hao,Smith, Bradley D.
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SODIUM 4-(2-((1E,3E,5E,7Z)-7-(1,1-DIMETHYL-3-(4-SULFONATOBUTYL)-1H-BENZO[e]INDOL-2(3H)-YLIDENE) HEPTA-1,3,5-TRIENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYL-1H-BENZO[e]INDOLIUM-3-YL) BUTANE-1-SULFONATE (INDOCYANINE GREEN)
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A process for the preparation of substantially pure Indocyanine green of formula with purity greater than 99.0% is provided. More particularly, the embodiments relate to the process for the preparation of Indocyanine green of formula and its intermediates thereof. It further provides crystalline form I of Indocyanine green of formula and process thereof.
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- Indocyanine green, and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention provides indocyanine green, and a preparation method and application thereof. The indocyanine green is shown as formula 1. The method is performed according to a path recorded in the specification. According to the path, 2, 3, 3-trimethyl-4, 5-benzoindoles, 1, 4-butyl sultone and 2-glutarate diphenylamine hydrochloride, as raw materials, are compounded into the indocyanine green shown as the target compound formula 1. The method has a short compounding path, simple process and high yield, does not need heavy metal catalysis, and meets requirements of 'green chemical' development.
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Paragraph 0030-0032; 0037; 0038
(2017/07/01)
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- Method for the purification of betaines
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The invention relates to a method for purification of synthetically-produced compounds, comprising a betaine structure in the molecule, for example, indocyan green, characterized in that reaction by-products, starting materials and/or other impurities such as NaI used during production are separated by extraction.
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Page/Page column 1-2
(2009/04/24)
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