- Trifluoromethyl reagent as well as synthesis method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a trifluoromethyl reagent as well as a synthesis method and application thereof, wherein the structural formula of the trifluoromethyl reagent is as shown in formula I in the specification. According to the invention, diphenyl trifluoromethylphosphine and iodomethane are used as raw materials, and are heated in an organic solvent to carry out an addition reaction to prepare the trifluoromethylation reagent. The method is simple and convenient in process, high in yield and capable of realizing 10-gram-level large-scale preparation; more importantly, the trifluoromethylation reagent can be used as a free radical and a nucleophilic reagent to be applied to free radical addition reaction and simple nucleophilic addition reaction to prepare different types of trifluoromethylation products, so that the method has important application value.
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Paragraph 0110-0114
(2022/01/08)
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- PREPARATION PROCESS OF PERFLUOROALKYL COMPOUND WITH MONOHYDROPERFLUOROALKANE AS STARTING MATERIAL
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A simple production process is provided of a perfluoroalkyl compound that uses monohydroperfluoroalkane as a starting material, the perfluoroalkyl compound being an important intermediate of organic electronic materials, medicine, agricultural chemicals,
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Paragraph 0077-0081
(2019/06/17)
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- Synthesis of ethyl 5-aryl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxylates, exhibiting plant growth-regulating properties
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A convenient method for the synthesis of high-boiling-point α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes was proposed. The regioselective synthesis of a series of ethyl 5-aryl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5- dihydroisoxazole-3-carboxylates was conducted by the reaction of ethyl
- Sigan,Golubev,Belyaeva,Gorfinkel,Kagramanov,Spiridonov, Yu. Ya.,Chkanikov
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- PERFLUORORALKYLATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
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The present invention provides a process for producing a compound comprising a perfluorinated alkyl group moiety from a carbonyl compound. Typically, the process includes contacting a carbonyl compound with a silane compound in the presence of a fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid under conditions sufficient to produce a compound comprising a perfluorinated alkyl group. The silane compound includes a perfluoroalkyl group.
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- Organocatalysis approach to trifluoromethylation with fluoroform
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The organic base methodology exploits an access to generate the "trifluoromethyl anion" for carbonyl, ester, acid halide, epoxide, deuterium donor, and carbon dioxide substrates to afford the trifluoromethylation products with good overall efficiency even in organocatalysis conditions. The NMR analysis of the mixture of fluoroform and P4-base shows no change thereof. However, on addition of electrophiles, the trifluoromethylation products were obtained efficiently.
- Zhang, Yuan,Fujiu, Motohiro,Serizawa, Hiroki,Mikami, Koichi
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supporting information
p. 367 - 371
(2014/01/06)
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- Trifluoromethylation of ketones and aldehydes with Bu3SnCF 3
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The (trifluoromethyl)stannane reagent, Bu3SnCF3, was found to react under CsF activation with ketones and aldehydes to the corresponding trifluoromethylated stannane ether intermediates at room temperature in high yield. Only a mildly acidic extraction (aqueous NH 4Cl) is required to release the corresponding trifluoromethyl alcohol products. The protocol is compatible with acid-sensitive functional groups.
- Sanhueza, Italo A.,Bonney, Karl J.,Nielsen, Mads C.,Schoenebeck, Franziska
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p. 7749 - 7753
(2013/09/02)
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- Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation with organoboron reagents
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Potassium trialkoxy(trifluoromethyl)borates are shown to behave as convenient reagents for nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of non-enolizable aldehydes and N-tosylimines to give CF3-substituted alcohols and N-tosylamines in good yields.
- Levin, Vitalij V.,Dilman, Alexander D.,Belyakov, Pavel A.,Struchkova, Marina I.,Tartakovsky, Vladimir A.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 281 - 284
(2011/02/26)
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- Highly enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc to trifluoroacetophenones, catalyzed by 1,2-diamines. synthesis of key fragments of inhibitors of the enzyme 11β-HSD1 and kinetic analysis of the process
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Chiral diamines derived from (R,R)- or (S,S)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine and (S)- or (R)-2,2′-bis(bromomethyl)-1,1′-binaphthalene perform very well as catalysts in the enantioselective addition of ZnEt2 and ZnMe2 to trifluoroacetophenones, avoiding reduction products, in contrast to the poor results with amino alcohols. Excellent yields (up to 99%) and high enantioselectivity (up to 92%) are achieved with the best ligands. A kinetic study at low temperature (-37 °C) shows that the reduction reaction rate on ligandless ZnEt2 is negligible (2 orders of magnitude slower) compared to the rate of addition reaction on [ZnR2(N-N)]. Using this new procedure, reported fragments of inhibitors of enzyme 11β-HSD1 that are active against obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as new unreported modified fragments of these bioactive molecules, were produced efficiently and enantioselectively.
- Genov, Miroslav,Martinez-Ilarduya, Jesus M.,Calvillo-Barahona, Mercedes,Espinet, Pablo
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experimental part
p. 6402 - 6407
(2011/02/16)
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- Abstraction of iodine from aromatic iodides by alkyl radicals: Steric and electronic effects
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Abstraction of the iodine atom from aryl iodides by alkyl radicals takes place in some cases very efficiently despite the unfavorable difference in bond dissociation energies of C-I bonds in alkyl and aryl iodides. The abstraction is most efficient in iod
- Dolenc, Darko,Plesnicar, Bozo
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p. 8028 - 8036
(2007/10/03)
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- Lewis base-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of carbonyl compounds and imines with (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilane
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Lewis base-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of carbonyl compounds and aldimines with (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilanes (TMSCF3, TMSC 2F5, and TMSC3F7) is described. The nitrogen- or oxygen-containing anions generated from amides, imides, and carboxylic acids have been found to work as effective Lewis-base catalysts in perfluoroalkylation that proceeds via activation of the carbon-silicon bonds of (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilanes. Reactions of carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and esters with TMSCF3 in the presence of a catalytic amount of Lewis bases proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding adducts in good-to-high yields under mild conditions. Although it was considered difficult, this catalytic perfluoroalkylation of various aldimines with (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilane in the presence of Lewis bases such as lithium acetate or benzoate proceeded efficiently to give the corresponding perfluoroalkylated adducts, because the aldimines here were weak electrophiles toward (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilanes. The present reaction is, therefore, the first example of a catalytic perfluoroalkylation of aldimines.
- Kawano, Yoshikazu,Kaneko, Nobuya,Mukaiyama, Teruaki
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p. 1133 - 1145
(2007/10/03)
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- AMINOETHYLAROMATIC COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR TREATING DISORDERS THAT RESPOND TO MODULATION OF THE DOPAMINE D3 RECEPTOR
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The present invention relates to aromatic compounds of the formula (I) wherein Ar is phenyl or an aromatic 5-or 6-membered C-bound heteroaromatic radical, wherein Ar may carry 1 radical Ra and wherein Ar may also carry 1 or 2 radicals Rb; X is N or CH; E is CR6R7 or NR3;R1 is C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkylmethyl, C3-C4-alkenyl, fluorinated Cl-C4--alkyl, fluorinated C3-C4-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C3-C 4-cycloalkylmethyl, fluorinated C3-C4--alkenyl, formyl or C1-C3-alkylcarbonyl; R1a is H, C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkyl, C3-C4-cycloalkylmethyl, C3-C4-alkenyl, fluorinated C1--C4-alkyl, fluorinated C3-C4-cycloalkyl, fluorinated C 3-C4-cycloalkylmethyl, fluorinated C3--C 4-alkenyl, or R1a and R2 together are (CH 2)n with n being 2, 3 or 4, or R1a and R 2a together are (CH2)n with n being 2, 3 or 4; R2 and R2a are independently of each other H, C1-C4-alkyl or fluorinated C1-C 4-alkyl or R2a and R2 together are (CH 2)m with m being 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; R3 is H or C1-C4-alkyl; R6, R7 independently of each other are selected from H, fluorine, C1-C4-alkyl and fluorinated C1-C4-alkyl or together form a moiety (CH2)p with p being 2, 3, 4 or 5; and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts thereof. The invention also relates to the use of a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a medical disorder susceptible to treatment with a dopamine D3 receptor ligand.
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Page/Page column 89; 107-108
(2010/11/08)
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- Trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds with sodium trifluoroacetate
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In the presence of copper(I) iodide as catalyst, a variety of carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones and acid anhydrous, could be trifluoromethylated with sodium trifluoroacetate to give the corresponding alcohols in moderate to high yields, and a possible mechanism was proposed to explain the roles of catalyst and solvent in the reaction system.
- Chang, Ying,Cai, Chun
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p. 937 - 940
(2007/10/03)
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- Sodium trifluoroacetate: An efficient precursor for the trifluoromethylation of aldehydes
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In a convenient and efficient procedure, the nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of aldehydes with sodium trifluoroacetate was achieved, using copper(I) halides as the catalyst.
- Chang, Ying,Cai, Chun
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p. 3161 - 3164
(2007/10/03)
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- Trifluoromethanesulfinamide from ephedrine: A more efficient trifluoromethylating reagent
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Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of non-enolizable and enolizable carbonyl compounds was achieved with the trifluoromethanesulfinamide derived from O-silylated ephedrine. In contrast to the trifluoroacetamide analog, previously described, this reagent is able to trifluoromethylate more acidic enolizable compounds.
- Roussel, Solveig,Billard, Thierry,Langlois, Bernard R.,Saint-Jalmes, Laurent
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p. 2119 - 2122
(2007/10/03)
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- Trifluoroacetamides from amino alcohols as nucleophilic trifluoromethylating reagents
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Both non-enolizable and enolizable carbonyl compounds underwent nucleophilic trifluoromethylation by a new family of cheap and efficient trifluoroacetamide reagents derived from vic-amino alcohols (see picture). From an ecological and an economic viewpoint these represent a promising alternative to other known trifluoromethylation reagents.
- Joubert, Jerome,Roussel, Solveig,Christophe, Carole,Billard, Thierry,Langlois, Bernard R.,Vidal, Thierry
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p. 3133 - 3136
(2007/10/03)
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- Microreactors for the synthesis of fluorinated materials
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The utility of microreactor for the synthesis of α-fluoro-α, β-unsaturated esters, trifluoromethylation and Michael addition reaction, is described.
- Miyake, Noriaki,Kitazume, Tomoya
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p. 243 - 246
(2007/10/03)
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- Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation using trifluoromethyl iodide. A new and simple alternative for the trifluoromethylation of aldehydes and ketones
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(Matrix Presented) A novel method for nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of aldehydes and ketones, based on photoinduced reduction of trifluoromethyl iodide by tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE), is presented.
- Ait-Mohand, Samia,Takechi, Naoto,Medebielle, Maurice,Dolbier Jr., William R.
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p. 4271 - 4273
(2007/10/03)
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- Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds and disulfides with trifluoromethane and silicon-containing bases
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Provided that DMF (or another N,N-dialkylformamide) is present in the reaction medium, at least in a catalytic amount, fluoroform trifluoromethylates efficiently carbonyl compounds, even enolizable ones, when opposed to (TMS)2N- M+, generated in situ from N(TMS)3 and M+ F- or RO- Na+. When F- is used in a catalytic amount, silylated α-(trifluoromethyl)carbinols are obtained: In this case, the four-component system HCF3/N(TMS)3/catalytic F-/catalytic DMF behaves like the Ruppert's reagent, especially as far as nonenolizable carbonyl compounds are concerned (CF3SiMe3 remains more efficient for enolizable carbonyl compounds). This process involves an adduct between DMF and -CF3 which is the true trifluoromethylating agent. In the same way, fluoroform efficiently trifluoromethylates disulfides and diselenides when deprotonated with a strong base selected from t-BuOK or N(SiMe3)3/Me4NF (or TBAT). t-BuOK is more adapted to the trifluoromethylation of awl disulfides whereas N(SiMe3)3/F- is Well suited to that of aliphatic disulfides.
- Large,Roques,Langlois
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p. 8848 - 8856
(2007/10/03)
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- Cesium fluoride catalyzed trifluoromethylation of esters, aldehydes, and ketones with (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane
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The low reactivity of carboxylic esters toward (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMS-CF3) was investigated. A universal cesium fluoride catalyzed procedure for nucleophilic trifluoromethylation was developed. At room temperature (25 °C, with catalytic amounts of cesium fluoride, carboxylic esters were found to react to give the silyl ether intermediates, which afforded the trifluoromethyl ketones after hydrolysis. Sulfonic, sulfinic, and selenic esters also show good reactivity, giving novel trifluoromethylated compounds. The trifluoromethylation method was also applied to aldehydes and ketones, which were transformed to trifluoromethyl silyl ether intermediates and afforded trifluoromethylated alcohols in excellent yields after acid hydrolysis. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether was used as solvent for solid or high boiling substrates, and benzonitrile was used for the low boiling substrates.
- Singh, Rajendra P.,Cao, Ganfeng,Kirchmeier, Robert L.,Shreeve, Jean'ne M.
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p. 2873 - 2876
(2007/10/03)
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- 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the quantitative detection and classification of carbonyl groups in lignins
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A novel method that permits the quantitative detection and classification of various carbonyl groups in lignins has been developed. The proposed method was optimized with the quantitative trifluoromethylation of a series of carbonyl-containing lignin-like model compounds. This effort was followed by 19F NMR spectral analyses of the resulting fluorine derivatives allowing for a thorough understanding of their structure/19F chemical shift relationships. The various carbonyl groups present in lignins were also investigated by trifluoromethylating them in the presence of catalytic amounts of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), followed by hydrolysis with TMAF in tetrahydrofuran. By using a variety of selective reactions, it became possible to assign a number of prominent 19F NMR signals to a variety of carbonyl groups present in lignins. These studies demonstrated that the proposed method can be applied to the quantitative determination of carbonyl groups that are present in soluble native and technical lignins.
- Ahvazi, Behzad C.,Crestini, Claudia,Argyropoulos, Dimitris S.
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p. 190 - 201
(2007/10/03)
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- Sulfonic acid esters, radiation-sensitive mixtures prepared therewith and their use
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Sulfonic acid esters are used as (a) compounds for forming a strong acid on irradiation in radiation-sensitive, positive or negative working mixtures also comprising (b) either a compound with at least one acid-decomposable C--O--C or C--O--Si bond (for p
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- Quantitative trifluoromethylation of carbonyl-containing lignin model compounds
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The efficient trifluoromethylation of a series of carbonyl-containing lignin model compounds was made possible by using Ruppert's reagent in the presence of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), followed by hydrolysis with aqueous HF. These studies demonstrate that such a method can quantitatively convert carbonyl groups to the CF3-containing compounds, thus qualifying the procedure as a potential analytical tool for the determination of carbonyl groups in lignins.
- Ahvazi,Argyropoulos
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p. 195 - 198
(2007/10/03)
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- 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Elucidation of Carbonyl Groups in Lignins. 1. Model Compounds
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A new method for the detection of different classes of carbonyl groups in a series of carbonyl-containing lignin-like model compounds has been developed. The method is based on the selective fluoride-induced trifluoromethylation of carbonyl groups with (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMS-CF3) in the presence of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), followed by hydrolysis with aqueous HF or TMAF in the case of quinones. In this study a series of ketones, aldehydes, quinones, and dimeric-lignin model compounds were quantitatively trifluoromethylated followed by 19F NMR spectral analyses of the resulting fluorine-containing derivatives, allowing for a thorough understanding of their structure/19F chemical shift relationships. These studies have shown that the 19F-NMR chemical shifts of the trifluoromethyl groups vary significantly and consistently for various classes of carbonyl groups which may be present in complex lignocellulosic materials. These studies are to form the basis for the development of a novel and sensitive method that can be used to obtain quantitative information on the various carbonyl groups present in such materials.
- Ahvazi, Behzad C.,Argyropoulos, Dimitris S.
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p. 2167 - 2175
(2007/10/03)
-
- Electroorganic Chemistry. 130. A Novel Trifluoromethylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Promoted by an Electrogenerated Base
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A base generated by the electroreduction of 2-pyrrolidone deprotonated trifluoromethane to form a trifluoromethyl anion equivalent.In the presence of hexamethyldisilazane, this species reacted with a variety of aldehydes and ketones to afford (trifluoromethyl)-carbinols in high yield.
- Shono, Tatsuya,Ishifune, Manabu,Okada, Toshio,Kashimura, Shigenori
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-
- Preparation of Trifluoromethyl and Other Perfluoroalkyl Compounds with (Perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilanes
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The preparation of a variety of novel perfluoroalkyl-substituted compounds in high yields using easily prepared (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilanes (1a - c) is described. (Trifluoromethyl)-, (pentafluoroethyl)-, and (heptafluoropropyl)trimethylsilane, 1a - c, respectively, react readily with carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones, by a fluoride-initiated catalytic process.Fluoride-initiated addition of 1 to a carbonyl group generates an oxyanionic species which then further catalyzes the reaction.Even enolizable carbonyl compounds react cleanly under the reaction conditions.A study of the scope of the reactivity of 1a toward other carbonyl groups in esters, lactones and an acid chloride was also carried out.Thus 1a reacts cleanly with five- and six-membered ring lactones.However, unactivated esters do not react under the reaction conditions.The acid chloride reacts with 1a to give a mixture of products.
- Krishnamurti, Ramesh,Bellew, Donald R.,Prakash, G. K. Surya
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p. 984 - 989
(2007/10/02)
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- Reactions of Trifluoromethyl Bromide and Related Halides: Part 9. Comparison between Additions to Carbonyl Compounds, Enamines, and Sulphur Dioxide in the Presence of Zinc
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A Barbier procedure, under moderate pressure, was used for the trifluoromethylation of various carbonyl compounds, starting from trifluoromethyl bromide and zinc in pyridine.Trifluoromethyl methanols were obtained from aldehydes and trifluoromethyl ketones from activated esters.Ethyl benzoate, or acetone, induced the formation of the solvated trifluoromethylzinc derivatives which did not react with carbonyl cpompounds.Consequently, the Barbier condensation in that case was considered to involve nascent organometallics reacting near the zinc surface.The reaction with sulphur dioxide, leading to trifluoromethanesulphinate, showed striking differences from that of carbonyl compounds.It was shown that the main pathway occcured in solution.This condensation was interpreted by the initial formation of sulphur dioxide radical anion, which reacts with trifluoromethyl bromide by a single-electron-transfer process.Attempts to condense iminium salts failed when a hydrogen atom was lacking in the α position.When the iminium ion can be transformed in situ to an enamine, a reaction occured, leading to α-trifluoromethyl ketones.This condensation was interpreted by a chain mechanism involving trifluoromethyl radicals.
- Tordeux, Marc,Francese, Catherine,Wakselman, Claude
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p. 1951 - 1957
(2007/10/02)
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- ELECTROCHEMICAL TRIFLUOROMETHYLATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
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The electroreduction of CF3Br in DMF containing aldehydes or ketones, using a sacrificial zinc anode, affords the corresponding trifluoromethyl alcohols together with the unreactive organozinc species CF3ZnBr and (CF3)2Zn.The alcohols are obtained with good yields from aldehydes.With ketones the organozinc species are formed preferentially to the alcohols, but the addition of tetramethylene-diamine allows the alcohols to form with moderate yields.
- Sibille, S.,Mcharek, S.,Perichon, J.
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p. 1423 - 1428
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-substituted Methanols: a Barbier Procedure under Pressure
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Synthesis of trifluoromethyl methanols can be achieved by stirring a mixture of carbonyl compound, zinc powder, and pyridine under a slight pressure of trifluoromethyl bromide.
- Francese, Catherine,Tordeux, Marc,Wakselman, Claude
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p. 642 - 643
(2007/10/02)
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- Reactivite de la trifluoro-1,1,1 propanone dans des conditions reactionelles de type Friedel-Crafts: nouvel exemple de chloroalkylation
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In the presence of one equivalent of AlCl3, the 1,1,1-trifluoro propanone 1 reacts with benzene or toluene to give 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-aryl-2-chloro propanes 4 in relatively good yield, by a new chloroalkylation reaction.This is the first example of an addition of an aromatic compound onto an aliphatic trifluoromethyl ketone.
- Bonnet-Delpon, Daniele,Charpentier-Morize, Micheline
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p. 933 - 936
(2007/10/02)
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- β-DEUTERIUM KINETIC ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN THE SOLVOLYSIS OF 2-ARYL-1,1,1-TRIFLUORO-2-PROPYL TOSYLATES AND OF 2-ARYL-2-PROPYL p-NITROBENZOATES. EVIDENCE FOR A VARIATION OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF α-METHYL SUBSTITUENT IN STABILIZING CATIONIC REACTION CENTERS WITH DIFFERENT ELECTRON DEMAND
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A very high β-deuterium kinetic isotope effect, k(CH3)/k(CD3)=2.13 at 60 deg C, was found for the solvolysis of 2-(3'-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propyl tosylate (2c) and the α-CD3 analogue (4c), and the effect decreased with increasing electron attracting of the substituent on the aromatic ring which showed the variation of the contribution of α-methyl group to the stabilization of the cationic reaction center in the transition state.
- Liu, Kwang-Ting,Wu, Yuh Wern
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p. 3623 - 3626
(2007/10/02)
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- Ultrasound-Promoted Selective Perfluoroalkylation on the Desired Position of Organic Molecules
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Perfluoroalkylzinc iodides or bromides wich were prepared from perfluoroalkyl iodides or bromides and zinc powder in N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran with ultrasonic irradiation were found to behave as potential perfluoroalkylating reagents for the preparation of a wide variety of perfluoroalkylated compounds.Especially, the ultrasound-promoted asymmetric induction with perfluoroalkyl group on the asymmetrical carbon was achieved by the reaction of perfluoroalkyl halides with optically active enamines in the presence of zinc powder and a catalytic amount of dichlorobis(?-cyclopentadienyl)titanium.
- Kitazume, Tomoya,Ishikawa, Nobuo
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p. 5186 - 5191
(2007/10/02)
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- Solvolytic Studies of the Highly Deactivated 1-Aryl-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl Tosylates
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The rates of solvolysis of 1-aryl-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl tosylates 1b-i and 1-aryl-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl bromides 3a,b in 80percent ethanol, and of 1-phenyl- and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl tosylates (1e and 1g) in a variety of solven
- Liu, Kwang-Ting,Kuo, Mann-Yan,Shu, Ching-Fen
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p. 211 - 215
(2007/10/02)
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- TRIFLUOROMETHYLATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH TRIFLUOROMETHYLZINC IODIDE UNDER ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION
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The trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds with trifluoromethylzinc iodide, prepared from trifluoromethyl iodide with ultrasonically dispersed zinc, smoothly proceeded to give corresponding α-trifluoromethyl carbinols in good yields.
- Kitazume, Tomoya,Ishikawa, Nobuo
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p. 1679 - 1680
(2007/10/02)
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- SOLVOLYSIS OF 1-ARYL-1-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)ETHYL TOSYLATES. EVIDENCE FOR AN EXTREMELY HIGH ELECTRON DEMAND CARBENIUM ION INTERMEDIATE DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF α-TRIFLUOROMETHYL SUBSTITUENT
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The rate-retarding effect of α-trifluoromethyl group observed in the solvolysis of 1-aryl-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl tosylates is so profound that a very large negative ρ+ value, -8.82, is resulted and the 1-phenyl derivative becomes even less re
- Liu, Kwang-Ting,Sheu, Ching-Fen
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p. 4091 - 4094
(2007/10/02)
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