- Generation of α-Boryl Radicals and Their Conjugate Addition to Enones: Transition-Metal-Free Alkylation of gem-Diborylalkanes
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A transition-metal-free method for the alkylation of gem-diborylalkanes with α,β-unsaturated ketones has been developed. It is demonstrated that the α-boryl radicals can be generated efficiently from gem-diborylalkanes with the aid of catechol and oxidants. The α-boryl radicals formed through such process can be engaged in conjugate addition reaction with α,β-unsaturated ketones. This transformation is a straightforward method for the synthesis of γ-borylketones.
- Wu, Chaoqiang,Bao, Zhicheng,Dou, Bowen,Wang, Jianbo
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supporting information
p. 2294 - 2298
(2021/01/18)
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- Design and synthesis of Mannich base-type derivatives containing imidazole and benzimidazole as lead compounds for drug discovery in Chagas Disease
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The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, the most important parasitic infection in Latin America. The only treatments currently available are nitro-derivative drugs that are characterised by high toxicity and limited efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective, less toxic therapeutic agents. We have previously identified the potential for Mannich base derivatives as novel inhibitors of this parasite. To further explore this family of compounds, we synthesised a panel of 69 new analogues, based on multi-parametric structure-activity relationships, which allowed optimization of both anti-parasitic activity, physicochemical parameters and ADME properties. Additionally, we optimized our in vitro screening approaches against all three developmental forms of the parasite, allowing us to discard the least effective and trypanostatic derivatives at an early stage. We ultimately identified derivative 3c, which demonstrated excellent trypanocidal properties, and a synergistic mode of action against trypomastigotes in combination with the reference drug benznidazole. Both its druggability and low-cost production make this derivative a promising candidate for the preclinical, in vivo assays of the Chagas disease drug-discovery pipeline.
- Atherton, Richard L.,Kelly, John M.,Olmo, Francisco,Sanz-Serrano, Julen,Alcolea, Verónica,Beltran-Hortelano, Iván,Pérez-Silanes, Silvia,Rubio-Hernández, Mercedes
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- Visible-Light-Driven Nitrogen Radical-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cyclization of Vinylcyclopropanes and N-Tosyl Vinylaziridines with Alkenes
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A visible light photoredox-promoted and nitrogen radical catalyzed [3 + 2] cyclization of vinylcyclopropanes and N-tosyl vinylaziridines with alkenes is developed. Key to the success of this process is the use of the readily tunable hydrazone as a nitrogen radical catalyst. Preliminary mechanism studies suggest that the photogenerated nitrogen radical undergoes reversible radical addition to the vinylcyclopropanes and N-tosyl vinylaziridines to enable their ring-opening C-C and C-N bond cleavage and ensuing cyclization with alkenes.
- Chen, Jia-Rong,Wu, Ya-Li,Xiao, Wen-Jing,Xu, Shuang-Hua,Zhao, Quan-Qing,Zhou, Xue-Song
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supporting information
(2020/03/13)
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- PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT ALPHA-METHYLENATION OF KETONES
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The invention relates to a process for preparing an α-methylene ketone comprising the step of reacting a ketone with formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst which is an organic compound comprising at least one acid function or the corresponding salt, ester or amide thereof and at least one amine function or the corresponding ammonium salt, or a zwitterion thereof.
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Page/Page column 16; 17
(2020/06/10)
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- Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of β-Nitroethyl Aryl Ketones
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A copper-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of β-nitroethyl aryl ketones has been disclosed, and the corresponding chiral alcohols could be obtained in high yields (up to 99% yield) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee). Moreover, the reaction worked well on a gram scale with 0.3 mol % of ligand loading, indicating that our protocol has potential applications in the synthesis of important pharmaceuticals such as Tranylcypromine and Ticagrelor.
- Zeng, Weijun,Tan, Xuefeng,Yu, Yang,Chen, Gen-Qiang,Zhang, Xumu
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supporting information
p. 858 - 862
(2020/01/31)
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- Manganese-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Coupling Reactions of Cyclopropanols with Enones
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A manganese-catalyzed ring-opening coupling reaction of cyclopropanols with enones for the facile and efficient preparation of 1,6-diketones is described. A wide array of synthetically important 1,6-diketones bearing manifold functional groups are obtained with up to 93% yield. These reactions feature broad substrate scopes, environmentally benign conditions, inexpensive catalyst, and operational simplicity.
- Zhang, Yong-Hui,Zhang, Wen-Wei,Zhang, Ze-Yu,Zhao, Kai,Loh, Teck-Peng
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supporting information
p. 5101 - 5105
(2019/07/03)
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- Alkylation of Indoles with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones using Alumina in Hexanes
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We evaluated the influence of solvent on the alumina-promoted C3-alkylation of indoles with α,β-unsaturated ketones. We found that lipophilic solvents were generally superior to hydrophilic ones with hexanes offering the 3-alkyl indole products in high yields. Thus, we demonstrate an inexpensive and procedurally simple new process that pairs acidic alumina with hexanes to achieve this important Michael alkylation. The substrate scope includes twenty-four examples with reaction yields ranging from 61 to 96%. (Figure presented.).
- Zhang, Xiong,Jones-Mensah, Ebenezer,Deobald, Jackson,Magolan, Jakob
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supporting information
p. 5548 - 5551
(2019/11/19)
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- Regioselective C?H Alkylation via Carboxylate-Directed Hydroarylation in Water
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In the presence of catalytic [RuCl2(p-cym)]2 and using Li3PO4 as the base, benzoic acids react with olefins in water to afford the corresponding 2-alkylbenzoic acids in moderate to excellent yields. This C?H alkylation process is generally applicable to diversely substituted electron-rich and electron-deficient benzoic acids, along with α,β-unsaturated olefins including unprotected acrylic acid. The widely available carboxylate directing group can be removed or utilized for further derivatization. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the transformation proceeds via a ruthenacycle intermediate.
- Zhang, Guodong,Jia, Fan,Goo?en, Lukas J.
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supporting information
p. 4537 - 4541
(2018/03/21)
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- Stereoselective Allylic Alkylation of 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic Esters via a Pd/Cu Dual Catalysis
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The asymmetric allylation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic esters has been accomplished through a synergistic Pd/Cu catalyst system under mild reaction conditions. The mechanistic studies suggested that (1) nucleophilic attack is the enantiodiscriminating step; (2) the cooperative action of two chiral reactive species, N-metalated azomethine ylides and ?€-allylpalladium, is most likely responsible for its high reactivity and excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee); and (3) the steric hindrance and electronic factors of the allylic electrophiles and imino ester substrates are crucial for the formation of the linear products. A series of 3,4-2H-pyrrole derivatives bearing a quaternary stereogenic center were easily synthesized in high yields and with high to excellent regioselectivity and enantioselectivity.
- Liu, Penglin,Huo, Xiaohong,Li, Bowen,He, Rui,Zhang, Jiacheng,Wang, Tianhong,Xie, Fang,Zhang, Wanbin
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supporting information
p. 6564 - 6568
(2018/10/20)
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- Method for synthesizing alpha,beta-unsaturated aryl ketone compound from dimethyl sulfoxide and arylethanone
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing an alpha,beta-unsaturated aryl ketone compound from dimethyl sulfoxide and arylethanone. According to the method, dimethyl sulfoxide and arylethanoneare subjected to a one-pot reaction in the presence of carboxylate and persulfate so as to produce the alpha,beta-unsaturated aryl ketone compound. The method uses dimethyl sulfoxide as a methylenation reagent and employs a one-pot process for high-selectivity high-yield synthesis of the alpha,beta-unsaturated aryl ketone compound from arylethanone; and the method is simple to operate, low in cost, friendly to environment and beneficial for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0044; 0045-0050; 0087-0092
(2018/03/24)
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- Method for synthesizing alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone compounds from dimethyl sulfoxide and ketone compounds
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone compounds from dimethyl sulfoxide and ketone compounds. According to the method, dimethyl sulfoxide and ketone compoundsare subjected to a one-pot reaction in the presence of carboxylate and persulfate so as to produce the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone compounds. The method uses dimethyl sulfoxide as a methylenation reagent and employs a one-pot process for high-selectivity high-yield synthesis of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone compounds from the ketone compounds; and the method is simple to operate, low in cost, friendly to environment and beneficial for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0047-0049; 0092-0095
(2018/03/24)
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- Enantioselective addition of selenosulfonates to α,β-unsaturated ketones
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An organo-catalyzed enantioselective addition of selenosulfonates to α,β-unsaturated ketones was developed for the first time. With a chiral squaramide as an efficient catalyst, the desired α-selenylated ketones were obtained in a good yields with high enantioselectivity up to 89% ee, and good results could be obtained on a gram scale. The products could also be efficiently transformed into useful building blocks with a propenylic stereocenter; the strategy presented in this study may find further applications in organic synthesis.
- Luo, Shilong,Zhang, Nan,Wang, Zhen,Yan, Hailong
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supporting information
p. 2893 - 2901
(2018/05/03)
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- Indium(III)-Catalyzed Hydration and Hydroalkoxylation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones in Aqueous Media
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The hydration of α,β-unsaturated ketones with water proceeded efficiently in the presence of In(OTf)3 (20 mol%) in aqueous media to afford synthetically versatile β-hydroxyketones in moderate to good yields with good functional group compatibility. The method also can be extended to the hydroalkoxylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with various alcohols for the efficient synthesis of β-alkoxyketones as well as tetrahydrofuran derivatives. (Figure presented.).
- Yun, Jin-Jin,Zhi, Man-Ling,Shi, Wen-Xiao,Chu, Xue-Qiang,Shen, Zhi-Liang,Loh, Teck-Peng
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supporting information
p. 2632 - 2637
(2018/05/30)
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- Chromium(III)-Catalyzed Addition of Water and Alcohol to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones for the Synthesis of β-Hydroxyl and β-Alkoxyl Ketones in Aqueous Media
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An efficient chromium(III) chloride-catalyzed Michael-type reaction of water or alcohol with α,β-unsaturated ketones is developed. A variety of α,β-unsaturated ketones effectively reacted with either water or alcohols to give the corresponding β-hydroxyl ketones or β-alkoxyl ketones in modest to high yields with excellent compatibility to various functional groups. The approach was further utilized for the preparation of synthetically useful compounds containing tetrahydrofuran skeleton.
- Yun, Jin-Jin,Liu, Xuan-Yu,Deng, Wei,Chu, Xue-Qiang,Shen, Zhi-Liang,Loh, Teck-Peng
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p. 10898 - 10907
(2018/09/06)
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- Synthesis of 4-Acylpyrazoles from Saturated Ketones and Hydrazones Featured with Multiple C(sp3)-H Bond Functionalization and C-C Bond Cleavage and Reorganization
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In this paper, an efficient and convenient one-pot synthesis of diversely substituted 4-acylpyrazole derivatives via copper-catalyzed one-pot cascade reactions of saturated ketones with hydrazones is reported. Mechanistically, the formation of the title compounds involves the in situ formation of an enone intermediate through the dehydrogenation of a saturated ketone and the [2 + 3] cyclization of the enone with hydrazone followed by an aromatization-driven C-C bond cleavage and reorganization. To our knowledge, this is the first example in which the biologically and pharmaceutically important yet otherwise difficult-to-obtain 4-acylpyrazole derivatives are directly prepared from saturated ketones and hydrazones featured with multiple aliphatic C-H bond functionalization and C-C bond cleavage and reorganization. Compared with literature methods, this novel process has advantages such as simple and economical starting materials, a sustainable oxidant, excellent regioselectivity, and good efficiency.
- Tian, Miaomiao,Shi, Xiaonan,Zhang, Xinying,Fan, Xuesen
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p. 7363 - 7372
(2017/07/26)
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- Transition Metal-Free α-Csp3-H Methylenation of Ketones to Form C=C Bond Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Carbon Source
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A direct α-Csp3-H methylenation of arylketones to form C=C bond using dimethyl sulfoxide as one-carbon source is achieved under transition metal-free reaction condition. Various aryl ketone derivatives react readily with DMSO, producing the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in yields of 42 to 90%. This method features a transition metal-free reaction condition, wide substrate scope and using DMSO as novel one-carbon source to form C=C bond, thus providing an efficient and expeditious approach to an important class of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Based on the preliminary experiments, a plausible mechanism of this transformation is disclosed.
- Liu, Yu-Feng,Ji, Peng-Yi,Xu, Jing-Wen,Hu, Yu-Qun,Liu, Qiang,Luo, Wei-Ping,Guo, Can-Cheng
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p. 7159 - 7164
(2017/07/26)
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- Substrate-Controlled Transformation of Azobenzenes to Indazoles and Indoles via Rh(III)-Catalysis
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Rh(III)-catalyzed substrate-controlled transformation of azobenzenes to indazoles and 2-acyl (NH) indoles is achieved via C-H functionalization. Generally, good functional groups tolerance, satisfying yields, and excellent regio-selectivity are achieved in this reaction. Mechanistically, the reaction with acrylates undergoes β-hydride elimination, while the reaction with vinyl ketones or acrylamides undergoes nucleophilic addition. Copper acetate was supposed to play different roles in the β-hydride elimination to furnish indazoles and nucleophilic addition of C-Rh bond to deliver 2-acyl (NH) indoles.
- Cai, Shangjun,Lin, Songyun,Yi, Xiangli,Xi, Chanjuan
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p. 512 - 520
(2017/04/26)
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- Amino dithio-formate compound and its preparation method and application
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The invention discloses novel aminodithioformate compounds, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry. The structure of the compounds is disclosed as formula I. The research proves that the compou
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Paragraph 0054; 0064-0066
(2017/11/24)
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- Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones with Allylic Acetates by the Combination of Transition-Metal Catalysis and Organomediation
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An intermolecular Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones with allylic acetates under the catalysis of 10 mol % of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and mediation of tributylphosphine has been developed in the presence of acetic acid, affording the desired α-coupling products. The MBH reaction has the advantages of good tolerance to many functional groups, excellent regioselectivity and E-stereoselectivity, and moderate to good yields.
- Li, Ya-Qiong,Wang, Hai-Jun,Huang, Zhi-Zhen
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p. 4429 - 4433
(2016/07/06)
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- Fluorine-containing three-membered ring compound, preparation method of fluorine-containing three-membered ring compound and preparation method of fluoroalkyl sulfonium salt
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The invention discloses a fluorine-containing three-membered ring compound shown in the formula V-a, V-b or V-c and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises that in an organic solvent, fluoroalkyl sulfur ylide shown in the formula II
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Paragraph 0172; 0173; 0174; 0175; 0190; 0191
(2016/10/08)
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- 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-Promoted Aminotrifluoromethylthiolation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: N-Trifluoromethylthio-4-nitrophthalimide Acts as Both the Nitrogen and SCF3 Sources
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A novel difunctionalization reaction is described. It uses N-trifluoromethylthio-4-nitrophthalimide as the reagent, which serves as both the nitrogen and SCF3 sources. In the presence of DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), the nitrogen and SCF3 groups can be incorporated into α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds easily and give versatile β-amino ketones and esters in good yields. This difunctionalization reaction features mild reaction conditions, high atom-economy, and efficient access to α-SCF3 amino acids.
- Xiao, Qing,He, Qijie,Li, Juncheng,Wang, Jun
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supporting information
p. 6090 - 6093
(2016/01/09)
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- Desulfonylative Methenylation of β-Keto Sulfones
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A one-step strategy for the synthesis of α-methenyl ketones from β-keto sufones is reported. Success of the methodology is elaborated for the synthesis of chromanones and isoflavanones in one-step.
- Pandey, Ganesh,Vaitla, Janakiram
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supporting information
p. 4890 - 4893
(2015/10/12)
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- Diastereoselective Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky trifluoroethylidenation
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(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate was found to be an efficient ylide reagent for the Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction to afford trifluoromethyl epoxides, cyclopropanes and aziridines. Interestingly, excellent but different diastereoselectivity was observed for these transformations. Both trifluoromethyl epoxides and cyclopropanes were obtained with trans-selectivity, whereas aziridines were obtained with cis-selectivity.
- Duan, Yaya,Zhou, Bin,Lin, Jin-Hong,Xiao, Ji-Chang
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supporting information
p. 13127 - 13130
(2015/08/18)
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- New pyridin-3-ylmethyl carbamodithioic esters activate pyruvate kinase M2 and potential anticancer lead compounds
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Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key protein responsible for cancer's Warburg effect. Activation of PKM2 may alter aberrant metabolism in cancer cells, which suggests PKM2 as a tumor selective therapeutic target. In this paper, the lead compound 8 was first discovered as a new kind of PKM2 activator from a random screening of an in-house compound library. Then, a series of lead compound 8 analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their activation of PKM2 and anticancer activities. 7-Azaindole analog 32 was identified as the most potent PKM2 activator. Compounds with potent enzyme activity also exhibited selective anti-proliferation activity on cancer cell lines HCT116, Hela and H1299 compared with non-tumor cell line BEAS-2B. The structure-activity relationships of these compounds were supported by molecular docking results. Preliminary pharmacological studies also showed that compound 32 arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in HCT116 cell line.
- Zhang, Yu,Liu, Bin,Wu, Xingyu,Lei, Ridong,Ning, Xianling,Liu, Yu,Liu, Zhenming,Ge, Zemei,Li, Runtao,Yin, Yuxin
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p. 4815 - 4823
(2015/08/03)
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- Oxa-Michael addition promoted by the aqueous sodium carbonate
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An efficient Michael addition of alcohols to activated alkenes promoted by sodium carbonate with water as reaction medium has been developed. The reaction provides a general, economical and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of β-alkoxycarbonyl compounds.
- Guo, Shi-Huan,Xing, Sheng-Zhu,Mao, Shuai,Gao, Ya-Ru,Chen, Wen-Liang,Wang, Yong-Qiang
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supporting information
p. 6718 - 6720
(2014/12/11)
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- Boron-trihalide-promoted regioselective ring-opening reactions of gem-difluorocyclopropyl ketones
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Boron trihalide-promoted ring-opening reactions of gem-difluorocyclopropyl ketones to give the corresponding β-trifluoromethyl ketones and β-halodifluoromethyl ketones were described. It was found that boron trihalides act as both Lewis acids and nucleophiles and the proximal bond prefers to cleave in this transformation.
- Yang, Tang-Po,Li, Qiang,Lin, Jin-Hong,Xiao, Ji-Chang
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supporting information
p. 1077 - 1079
(2014/01/17)
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- Weinreb Amide based building block for convenient access to vinyl ketones
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A new strategy for the synthesis of vinyl ketones has been achieved. Hitherto unknown and easily accessible, β-phenylseleno-N-methoxy-N- methylpropanamide, obtained through two simple reactions, served as a building block for convenient access to vinyl ketones. The N-methoxy-N-methyl amide moiety ensured no overaddition of the Grignard reagent and, hence, the excellent formation of β-phenylseleno ketones; oxidative work-up with hydrogen peroxide provided ready access to the vinyl ketones with concomitant loss of phenylselanol. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Tiwari, Praveen Kumar,Aidhen, Indrapal Singh
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supporting information
p. 1777 - 1780
(2013/09/12)
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- PROTEIN CROSSLINKING INHIBITOR AND USE OF THE SAME
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The present invention relates to: a ketone compound having transglutaminase-inhibiting activity, which is represented by the following Formula 1, 2, or 3: wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heterocyclyl group, R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen atoms, n is 2, X is halogen, R5 and R6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group, wherein R5 and R6 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time, or R5 and R6 may be taken together to form a saturated or unsaturated and substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl group containing a nitrogen atom (N); an inhibitor of protein crosslinking comprising the compound; and a composition for preventing or treating a protein-crosslinking causative disease, which comprises the compound or the protein crosslinking inhibitor.
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Page/Page column 24
(2012/11/08)
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- Highly efficient route to functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles using a tandem cross-metathesis/intramolecular-hydroarylation sequence
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The scope of the novel ruthenium-catalyzed tandem cross-metathesis/ intramolecular-hydroarylation sequence is described. This methodology offers a practical and efficient synthesis of structurally diverse and complex tetrahydrocarbazoles in good to excellent yields (up to 98%). Moreover, preliminary efforts towards the development of an enantioselective version of the current process by sequential catalysis with ruthenium complex and chiral amine are presented, with high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 88% yield and 91% ee).
- An, Xiao-Lei,Chen, Jia-Rong,Li, Chang-Feng,Zhang, Fu-Gen,Zou, You-Quan,Guo, Ying-Cen,Xiao, Wen-Jing
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p. 2258 - 2265
(2011/06/11)
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- 7-PHENYL-ISOQUINOLINE-5-SULFONYLAMINO DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF AKT (PROTEINKINASE B)
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The present invention relates to compounds Formula (I) as inhibitors of AKT activity, which are useful for the treatment of susceptible neoplasms and viral infections.
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Page/Page column 36
(2010/02/12)
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- Antiinflammatory phospholipase-A2 inhibitors. I.
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A novel series of dehydroabietylamine derivatives has been synthesized and shown to be inhibitors of phospholipase-A2 (PLA2). These compounds exhibit in vivo antiinflammatory activity in the rat carrageenan paw edema assay and support the concept of PLA2 inhibition as an approach to the discovery of novel antiinflammatories.
- Wilkerson,DeLucca,Galbraith,Gans,Harris,Jaffee,Kerr
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p. 667 - 676
(2007/10/02)
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- TRANS-6-[2-(SUBSTITUTEDPYRROL-1-YL)ALKYL]-PYRAN-2-ONE INHIBITORS OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS
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6-2-(Substituted-pyrrol-1-yl)alkyl!pyran-2-ones and the corresponding ring-opened hydroxy-acids derived therefrom are potent inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), and are thus useful hypolipidemic and
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