- An Improved Purification Method for the Rapid Synthesis of High Purity Fluorobutyrophenone Neuroleptics from Nitro and Chloro Precursors Suitable for PET Study
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A rapid micro-scale synthesis of fluorinated neuroleptics with extremely high chemical purity was accomplished using a new single column reverse-phase HPLC purification procedure that employs a strongly alkaline eluent to clearly separate F-labeled compounds from the large excess of nitro or chloro precursor.The method is applicable to the production of 18F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracer with high specific activity.
- Hashizume, Kazunari,Hashimoto, Naoto,Cork, David G.,Miyake, Yoshihiro
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- Preparation method of flupiperidinol
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The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of flupiperidinol. The preparation method of the fluoropiperidinol, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps of providing 4-(4-chlorphenyl)-4-piperidinol of which the purity is 99% or above, providing 4-chloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one of which the purity is more than 99%, mixing the 4-(4-chlorphenyl)-4-piperidinol, 4-chloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one, an alkaline substance and a catalyst, and carrying out a first substitution reaction to obtain a crudeproduct, and mixing the crude product with an organic solvent, and sequentially carrying out reflux and crystallization to obtain the flupiperidinol. The flupiperidinol prepared according to the preparation method provided by the invention has relatively high yield and purity.
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- Structure-based design of haloperidol analogues as inhibitors of acetyltransferase Eis from: Mycobacterium tuberculosis to overcome kanamycin resistance
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Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a deadly bacterial disease. Drug-resistant strains of Mtb make eradication of TB a daunting task. Overexpression of the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein by Mtb confers resistance to the second-line antibiotic kanamycin (KAN). Eis is an acetyltransferase that acetylates KAN, inactivating its antimicrobial function. Development of Eis inhibitors as KAN adjuvant therapeutics is an attractive path to forestall and overcome KAN resistance. We discovered that an antipsychotic drug, haloperidol (HPD, 1), was a potent Eis inhibitor with IC50 = 0.39 ± 0.08 μM. We determined the crystal structure of the Eis-haloperidol (1) complex, which guided synthesis of 34 analogues. The structure-activity relationship study showed that in addition to haloperidol (1), eight analogues, some of which were smaller than 1, potently inhibited Eis (IC50 ≤ 1 μM). Crystal structures of Eis in complexes with three potent analogues and droperidol (DPD), an antiemetic and antipsychotic, were determined. Three compounds partially restored KAN sensitivity of a KAN-resistant Mtb strain K204 overexpressing Eis. The Eis inhibitors generally did not exhibit cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. All tested compounds were modestly metabolically stable in human liver microsomes, exhibiting 30-60% metabolism over the course of the assay. While direct repurposing of haloperidol as an anti-TB agent is unlikely due to its neurotoxicity, this study reveals potential approaches to modifying this chemical scaffold to minimize toxicity and improve metabolic stability, while preserving potent Eis inhibition. This journal is
- Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie,Garzan, Atefeh,Green, Keith D.,Holbrook, Selina Y. L.,Hou, Caixia,Krieger, Kyle,Pang, Allan H.,Parish, Tanya,Posey, James E.,Punetha, Ankita,Thamban Chandrika, Nishad,Tsodikov, Oleg V.,Willby, Melisa J.
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supporting information
p. 1894 - 1909
(2022/01/12)
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- Direct C-H Arylation of Aldehydes by Merging Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer with Palladium Catalysis
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Herein, we report that merging palladium catalysis with hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalysis enabled direct arylations and alkenylations of aldehyde C-H bonds, facilitating visible light-catalyzed construction of a variety of ketones. Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate and anthraquinone were found to act as synergistic HAT photocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations suggested a Pd0-PdII-PdIII-PdI-Pd0 pathway and revealed that regeneration of the Pd0 catalyst and the photocatalyst occurs simultaneously in the presence of KHCO3. This regeneration features a low energy barrier, promoting efficient coupling of the palladium catalytic cycle with the photocatalytic cycle. The work reported herein suggests great promise for further applications of HAT photocatalysis in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling and C-H functionalization reactions to be successful.
- Chen, Guangying,Cheng, Gui-Juan,Guo, Bin,Li, Xiaobao,Ran, Chongzhao,Wang, Lu,Wang, Ting,Wei, Jun-Jie,Zheng, Caijuan,Zheng, Chao
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p. 7543 - 7551
(2020/08/21)
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- Ketone Synthesis by a Nickel-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of Primary Alcohols
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An intermolecular coupling of primary alcohols and organotriflates has been developed to provide ketones by the action of a Ni(0) catalyst. This oxidative transformation is proposed to occur by the union of three distinct catalytic cycles. Two competitive oxidation processes generate aldehyde in situ via hydrogen transfer oxidation or (pseudo)dehalogenation pathways. As aldehyde forms, a Ni-catalyzed carbonyl-Heck process enables formation of the key carbon-carbon bond. The utility of this rare alcohol to ketone transformation is demonstrated through the synthesis of diverse complex and bioactive molecules.
- Verheyen, Thomas,Van Turnhout, Lars,Vandavasi, Jaya Kishore,Isbrandt, Eric S.,De Borggraeve, Wim M.,Newman, Stephen G.
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- Ketone Synthesis by a Nickel-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of Primary Alcohols
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An intermolecular coupling of primary alcohols and organotriflates has been developed to provide ketones by the action of a Ni(0) catalyst. This oxidative transformation is proposed to occur by the union of three distinct catalytic cycles. Two competitive oxidation processes generate aldehyde in situ via hydrogen transfer oxidation or (pseudo)dehalogenation pathways. As aldehyde forms, a Ni-catalyzed carbonyl-Heck process enables formation of the key carbon-carbon bond. The utility of this rare alcohol to ketone transformation is demonstrated through the synthesis of diverse complex and bioactive molecules.
- Verheyen, Thomas,Van Turnhout, Lars,Vandavasi, Jaya Kishore,Isbrandt, Eric S.,De Borggraeve, Wim M.,Newman, Stephen G.
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p. 6869 - 6874
(2019/05/10)
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- Antifungal Compositions
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Provided herein are antifungal compositions and methods of use thereof. The antifungal compositions include an antifungal agent and an antipsychotic agent or an antihistamine. The methods of use thereof include administering a composition including an antifungal agent and an antipsychotic or an antihistamine to a plant or animal in need thereof.
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Paragraph 0171; 0199-0200
(2019/02/01)
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- Direct Aldehyde C-H Arylation and Alkylation via the Combination of Nickel, Hydrogen Atom Transfer, and Photoredox Catalysis
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A mechanism that enables direct aldehyde C-H functionalization has been achieved via the synergistic merger of photoredox, nickel, and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis. This mild, operationally simple protocol transforms a wide variety of commercially available aldehydes, along with aryl or alkyl bromides, into the corresponding ketones in excellent yield. This C-H abstraction coupling technology has been successfully applied to the expedient synthesis of the medicinal agent haloperidol.
- Zhang, Xiaheng,MacMillan, David W. C.
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supporting information
p. 11353 - 11356
(2017/08/30)
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- Synthesis of the ortho / meta / para isomers of relevant pharmaceutical compounds by coupling a Sonogashira reaction with a regioselective hydration
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Aryl ketones substituted in ortho, meta, and para position are prepared by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction followed by a regioselective hydration of the so-formed alkyne with triflimidic acid or a gold catalyst, under catalytic conditions. This methodology opens a way to obtain substituted aryl alkyl ketones from readily available starting materials, haloarenes, and terminal alkynes. The syntheses of the different regioisomers of haloperidol, melperone, pipamperone, and ibuprofen are presented. Structure-activity relationships for these compounds are studied with dopaminergic and cyclooxigenase binding assays.
- Leyva-Perez, Antonio,Cabrero-Antonino, Jose R.,Rubio-Marques, Paula,Al-Resayes, Saud I.,Corma, Avelino
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p. 722 - 731
(2014/04/03)
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- Regioselective hydration of alkynes by iron(III) Lewis/Bronsted catalysis
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The triflimide iron(III) salt [Fe(NTf2)3] promotes the direct hydration of terminal and internal alkynes with very good Markovnikov regioselectivities and high yields. The enhanced carbophilic Lewis acidity of the FeIII cation mediated by the weakly-coordinating triflimide anion is crucial for the catalytic activity. The iron(III) metal salt can be recycled in the form of the OPPh3/[Fe(NTf2)3] system with similar activity and selectivity. However, spectroscopic and kinetic studies show that [Fe(NTf2)3] hydrolyzes under the reaction conditions and that catalytically less active BrAonsted species are formed, which points to a Lewis/Bronsted co-catalysis. This triflimide-based catalytic system is regioselective for the hydration of internal aryl-alkynes and opens the door to a new synthetic route to alkyl ketophenones. As a proof of concept, the synthesis of two antipsychotics Haloperidol and Melperone, with general butyrophenone-like structure, is shown. Just add water! The triflimide iron(III) salt [Fe(NTf2)3] promotes the direct hydration of terminal and internal alkynes with very good Markovnikov regioselectivities and high yields (see scheme). Copyright
- Cabrero-Antonino, Jose R.,Leyva-Perez, Antonio,Corma, Avelino
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 11107 - 11114
(2012/09/22)
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- Microwave-accelerated fluorodenitrations and nitrodehalogenations: expeditious routes to labeled PET ligands and fluoropharmaceuticals
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Methods for the expeditious fluorination of arenes have been investigated, using readily available fluoride sources. An optimized procedure for microwave-accelerated fluorodenitration has been developed, giving good to excellent yields in less than 10 min, rendering it practical for use in the preparation of F18 labeled ligands for PET imaging. Application of the method in the synthesis of CNS agents is demonstrated, and a practical method for the preparation of substrates is also presented.
- LaBeaume, Paul,Placzek, Michael,Daniels, Mathew,Kendrick, Ian,Ng, Patrick,McNeel, Melissa,Afroze, Roushan,Alexander, Abigail,Thomas, Rhiannon,Kallmerten, Amy E.,Jones, Graham B.
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scheme or table
p. 1906 - 1909
(2010/09/07)
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- Stetter reaction in room temperature ionic liquids and application to the synthesis of haloperidol
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Imidazolium-type room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been used for the Stetter reaction, affording the desired 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds in good yields. Thiazolium salts and Et3N are efficient catalysts for this reaction performed in ionic liquid. The possibility to recycle and reuse the solvent has been demonstrated, although it was not possible to recycle the thiazolium catalyst. This method was used in the total synthesis of haloperidol.
- Anjaiah, Siddam,Chandrasekhar, Srivari,Gree, Rene
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p. 1329 - 1334
(2007/10/03)
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- LIQUID PHARMACEUTICAL FOR ORAL DELIVERY
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A liquid pharmaceutical for oral delivery wherein at the time of use, a solid unit dosage form is added to the liquid wherein the unit dosage form is comprised of a substrate soluble in the liquid and a particulate pharmaceutically active material in a pharmaceutically effective amount. At the time of use, the unit dosage form is added to the liquid, without requiring measurement of the liquid, and the entire liquid is consumed to provide for oral delivery of the pharmaceutically effective amount of material.
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- Rapid and efficient synthesis of high-purity fluorine-18 labeled haloperidol and spiperone via the nitro precursor in combination with a new HPLC separation method
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We have completed a convenient synthesis of fluorine-18 labeled butyrophenone neuroleptics from their nitro precursors. Thus, we have developed an efficient single-columm HPLC system using a C18-bonded vinyl alcohol copolymer gel (octadecyl polymer, ODP) column and strongly alkaline solvent systems for purifying of the 18F-labeled butyrophenone neuroleptics obtained by a single-stp 18F-for-nitro exchange reaction. The method has been applied to the synthesis of two typical butyrophenone neuroleptics ([18F]haloperidol and [18F]spiperone) with high purity in high yield. With information concerning the optimized conditions for the 18F-for-nitro exchange reaction, the synthetic method would be useful for synthesizing various 18F-labeled compounds.
- Hashizume, Kazunari,Hashimoto, Naoto,Miyake, Yoshihiro
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p. 681 - 687
(2007/10/03)
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- PROTEASE-BINDING COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
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Non-peptide, protease-binding compounds are described as useful in the detection, labelling, and inhibition of retroviral proteases. Aryl piperidinyl derivatives and other compounds related in structure have been found to be HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease-binding compounds.
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- Water dispersion containing ultrafine particles of organic compounds
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A water-dispersible condensate of water-insoluble ultrafine particles of medicine or hormones having a particle size of at largest 4 μm prepared by the steps of heating the medicine or hormone in a vacuum vessel at a temperature of 30° C. higher than the boiling point and at a pressure between 0.01 Torr and 10 Torr to evaporate the medicine or hormone and condensing the medicine or hormone on a recovery plate to obtain the condensate.
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- Synthesis of High Specific Activity - and Bromperidol and Tissue Distribution Studies in the Rat
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A rapid synthesis of - and bromperidol with specific activity exceeding 10 000 Ci/mmol is described in which a trimethylstannylated analogue of bromperidol is used as a substrate for regiospecific no-carrier-added radiobromination. 4--4-hydroxypiperidino>-4'-fluorobutyrophenone was synthesized by the reaction of (trimethylstannyl)sodium with haloperidol and purified by preparative HPLC.Subsequent radiobromination with no-carrier-added 75Br- or 77Br- and in situ oxidation using H2O2/CH3COOH gave a corrected radiochemical yield of 35percent with a 30-min preparation time.Tissue distribution studies in the rat show a rapid and prolonged uptake into the brain, liver, and kidneys and consistently low blood concentrations that differ quantitatively from previous studies using relatively low specific activity bromperidol.Potential clinical applications for this high specific activity radiobrominated neuroleptic are discussed.
- Moerlein, Stephen M.,Stoecklin, Gerhard L.
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p. 1319 - 1324
(2007/10/02)
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- The synthesis of [14C]-labelled haloperidol and [d4]- and [d8] haloperidol
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The synthesis of [14C] haloperidol for use in metabolism studies, and the synthesis of [d4]- and [d8] haloperidol for use in bioavailability studies, is described.
- Fellows,Harrow,Honeyman
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p. 449 - 461,453,459
(2007/10/05)
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- Phenylbutanol derivatives
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Butyrophenone derivatives having excellent psychotropic activity and represented by the formula, SPC1 Wherein A represents a single or double bond linkage; R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1 - C4 alkyl group; R2, which is present only in case A represents a single bond linkage, represents a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl, C1 - C4 alkyl, or C1 - C4 alkoxy group; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, or a piperidino, pyrrolidino, morpholino, furyl, thienyl, C1 - C4 alkylamino, benzylamino, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted phenyl group, etc.; and X represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a C1 - C4 alkyl, C1 - C4 alkoxy, or trifluoromethyl group, can be prepared by reducing a benzoylpropionamide derivative of the formula, SPC2 Wherein A, R1, R2, R3 and X have the same meanings as defined above, to a phenylbutanol derivative of the formula, SPC3
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