- Sonochemically induced reaction between water and 3-chloropropionitrile
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The water-3-chloropropionitrile biphasic system reacts in an ultrasonic bath, producing the corresponding amide, at room temperature. The C-Cl bond does not react; in this sense the attack is selective.
- Farhat,Berchiesi
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- HYDROCHLORINATION OF ELECTRON-DEFICIENT ALKENES
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The present invention pertains to a method for the hydrochlorination of electron deficient alkenes, particularly alkenes having the functional groups COOH, CONH2, and CN. Specific alkenes discussed include acrylic acid, crotonic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, and methacrylonitrile. The alkene is combined with a primary or secondary alcohol (e.g., isopropanol) and an acid chloride (e.g., acetyl chloride) under conditions suitable to chlorinate the alkene. Products formed by the invention include 3-chorosubstituted carbonyl compounds such as 3-chlorpropionic acid (3-CPA), 3-chloropropionamide (3-CPAD), and 3-chloropropionitrile among other products.
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Page/Page column 5
(2012/07/31)
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- Nitrile biotransformation by whole cells of Aspergillus sp. PTCC 5266
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Aspergillus sp. PTCC 5266 exhibited nitrile-hydrating activity over a broad pH range from 6.0 to 10.0 at 26°C. It hydrated 4-nitrophenylacetonitrile, 2-chlorobenzonitrile and 3-chlorobenzonitrile to their corresponding carboxylic acids and amides, while benzyl cyanide, benzonitrile, 4-tolunitrile, cyclohexanecarbonitrile, 4-chlorobutyronitrile and isobutyronitrile gave carboxylic acids as the sole products. The maximum whole-cell nitrile-hydrating activity was observed at pH 7.0.
- Yousefi,Mohammadi,Habibi,Cheraghi
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body text
p. 54 - 59
(2012/03/10)
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- A simple synthetic protocol for the protection of amides, lactams, ureas, and carbamates
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A new procedure for protecting the amide, lactam, urea, and carbamate NH group with a triphenylmethyl (Tr) group is described. The utility of this method is illustrated with molecules that contain other functional groups. A mild deprotection using trifluoroacetic acid makes this a useful method for attaching amide groups on resin for combinatorial synthesis.
- Reddy, Dandu R,Iqbal, Mohamed A,Hudkins, Robert L,Messina-McLaughlin, Patricia A,Mallamo, John P
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p. 8063 - 8066
(2007/10/03)
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- 4-[diaryl)hydroxymethyl]-1-piperidinealkylcarboxylic acids, salts and esters useful in the treatment of allergic disorders
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Novel compounds useful in the treatment of allergic disorders and having the formula: STR1 where Ar and Ar1 are pyridinyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl and where Y is --OH,--O? M≈ m,--O--loweralkyl, --O--Aryl, or NR1 R2 (R1, R2 =H, loweralkyl, aryl) are herein disclosed.
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- A New Method for the Synthesis of Amides from Amines: Ruthenium Tetroxide Oxidation of N-Protected Alkylamines
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A simple synthetic method for the preparation of amides from the corresponding primary alkylamines was elaborated using ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) oxidation as a key step.
- Tanaka, Ken-Ichi,Yoshifuji, Shigeyuki,Nitta, Yoshihiro
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p. 3125 - 3129
(2007/10/02)
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- The photochemical addition of N-haloamides to olefins: the influence of various factors on the competition between 1,2-addition and hydrogen abstraction
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In the photodecomposition of N-haloamides (ZCONRX) in the presence of olefins, the 1,2-addition chain competes with the hydrogen abstraction chain(s) leading to the parent amide (the quantum yields for these processes are greater than unity).The following factors were shown to have an influence on this competition as measured by the yield of 1,2-addition and the yield of parent amide in methylene chloride solutions: (i) the N-halogen (higher yields of addition with X=Cl than with X=Br); (ii) the electronegativity of Z (increase of the yield of addition as the electronegativity of Z increases); (iii) the temperature (higher yields of addition at lower temperatures, and at -70 degC, better yields of addition (>90percent, R=H) for X=Br than for X=Cl); and (iv) the size of R (dramatic decrease of the yield of 1,2-addition in going from R=H to R=CH3).Surprisingly, the presence of a scavenger for HX had no influence on the yield of 1,2-addition.Both the size and electronegativity of Z had an effect on the stereochemistry of 1,2-addition to cyclohexene.High yields of addition to a variety of olefins were obtained with N-chloroamides such as ClCH2CONHCl, C2H5OCONHCl, CF3CONHCl.Their addition to enol ethers at -70 degC led to the synthesis of α-amido acetals or ketals (aldehydes or ketones) and to an α-amido glycoside in good yields.
- Lessard, Jean,Mondon, Martine,Touchard, Daniel
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p. 431 - 450
(2007/10/02)
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