- Antiparasitic Ovalicin Derivatives from Pseudallescheria boydii, a Mutualistic Fungus of French Guiana Termites
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Social insects are in mutualism with microorganisms, contributing to their resistance against infectious diseases. The fungus Pseudallescheria boydii SNB-CN85 isolated from termites produces ovalicin derivatives resulting from the esterification of the less hindered site of the ovalicin epoxide by long-chain fatty acids. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis and semisynthesis from ovalicin. For ovalicin, these compounds displayed antiprotozoal activities against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei, with IC50 values of 19.8 and 1.1 μM, respectively, for the most active compound, i.e., ovalicin linoleate. In parallel, metabolomic profiling of a collection of P. boydii strains associated with termites made it possible to highlight this class of compounds together with tyroscherin derivatives in all strains. Finally, the complete genome of P. boydii strains was obtained by sequencing, and the cluster of potential ovalicin and ovalicin biosynthesis genes was annotated. Through these metabolomic and genomic analyses, a new ovalicin derivative named boyden C, in which the 6-membered ring of ovalicin was opened by oxidative cleavage, was isolated and structurally characterized.
- Elie, Nicolas,Eparvier, Véronique,Grayfer, Tatyana,Grellier, Philippe,Hebra, Téo,Leman-Loubière, Charlotte,Sorres, Jonathan,Stien, Didier,Touboul, David
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-
- Identification and α -Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Meroterpenoids from Hericium erinaceus
-
Hericium erinaceus is a very popular edible and medicinal mushroom used for the treatment of enervation and gastrointestinal diseases in Eastern Asia. Chemical investigation on the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus led to the isolation of 4 new (1 - 4) and 10 known meroterpenoids (5 - 14). The structures of new compounds were determined via analysis of NMR and MS data in combination with chemical derivatization. The inhibitory activities of 1 - 14 against α -glucosidase were evaluated using p -nitrophenyl- α -D-glucopyranoside, sucrose, or maltose as substrate. Compounds 6, 9, 11 - 13 were demonstrated to show the α -glucosidase inhibitory activities. This work confirms the potential of H. erinaceus in the treatment of diabetes.
- Bao, Li,Chen, Baosong,Han, Junjie,Liu, Hongwei,Ma, Ke,Wang, Wenzhao
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p. 571 - 578
(2020/06/03)
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- Alteration of Chain Length Selectivity of Candida antarctica Lipase A by Semi-Rational Design for the Enrichment of Erucic and Gondoic Fatty Acids
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Biotechnological strategies using renewable materials as starting substrates are a promising alternative to traditional oleochemical processes for the isolation of different fatty acids. Among them, long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids are especially interesting in industrial lipid modification, since they are precursors of several economically relevant products, including detergents, plastics and lubricants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an enzymatic method in order to increase the percentage of long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids from Camelina and Crambe oil ethyl ester derivatives, by using selective lipases. Specifically, the focus was on the enrichment of gondoic (C20:1 cisΔ11) and erucic acid (C22:1 cisΔ13) from Camelina and Crambe oil derivatives, respectively. The pursuit of this goal entailed several steps, including: (i) the choice of a suitable lipase scaffold to serve as a protein engineering template (Candida antarctica lipase A); (ii) the identification of potential amino acid targets to disrupt the binding tunnel at the adequate location; (iii) the design, creation and high-throughput screening of lipase mutant libraries; (iv) the study of the selectivity towards different chain length p-nitrophenyl fatty acid esters of the best hits found, as well as the analysis of the contribution of each amino acid change and the outcome of combining several of the aforementioned residue alterations and, finally, (v) the selection and application of the most promising candidates for the fatty acid enrichment biocatalysis. As a result, enrichment of C22:1 from Crambe ethyl esters was achieved either, in the free fatty acid fraction (wt, 78%) or in the esterified fraction (variants V1, 77%; V9, 78% and V19, 74%). Concerning the enrichment of C20:1 when Camelina oil ethyl esters were used as substrate, the best variant was the single mutant V290W, which doubled its content in the esterified fraction from approximately 15% to 34%. A moderately lower increase was achieved by V9 and its two derived triple mutant variants V19 and V20 (27%). (Figure presented.).
- Zorn, Katja,Oroz-Guinea, Isabel,Brundiek, Henrike,D?rr, Mark,Bornscheuer, Uwe T.
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p. 4115 - 4131
(2018/10/02)
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- Cytotoxic ent-Abietane-type diterpenoids from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata
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Euphoroids A–C (1–3), three new ent-abietane-type diterpenoids, together with ten known analogues (4–13) were obtained from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, HRESIMS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR data. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1–13 on human cancer cells were determined using the MTT assay. The results revealed that new compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines. Especially, compound 3 displayed selective cytotoxic effect agains cancer cell lines.
- Han, Chunhui,Peng, Yulin,Wang, Yifei,Huo, Xiaokui,Zhang, Baojing,Li, Dawei,Leng, Aijing,Zhang, Houli,Ma, Xiaochi,Wang, Chao
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-
- A fully enzymatic esterification/transesterification sequence for the preparation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical trehalose diacyl conjugates
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Monoacyl and diacyl trehalose were synthesized in two steps from trehalose and carboxylic acids. The carboxylic acids were converted first into the corresponding 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters through a biocatalyzed esterification. The acyl donor was then transferred to the disaccharide through biocatalyzed transesterification. Thanks to microwave reaction conditions the transesterification proceeded selectively to the monoacyl trehalose or to the diacyl counterparts depending on the sole amount of the acyl donor. These reaction conditions were also applied for the preparation of unsymmetrical diacyl trehalose in a fully enzymatic sequence.
- Prabhakar, Sunchu,Vivès, Thomas,Ferrières, Vincent,Benvegnu, Thierry,Legentil, Laurent,Lemiègre, Lo?c
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supporting information
p. 987 - 995
(2017/08/14)
-
- Stelleralides D-J and Anti-HIV Daphnane Diterpenes from Stellera chamaejasme
-
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a petroleum ether extract of the roots of Stellera chamaejasme led to the isolation of seven new (stelleralides D-J, 1-7) and 12 known (8-19) daphnane diterpenoids. The structures and relative configurations of 1-7 were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS and comprehensive NMR techniques. All isolates were evaluated for anti-HIV activity in MT4 cells. All compounds tested, except 2, showed anti-HIV activity, and, especially, five 1α-alkyldaphnane diterpenoids (3, 4, 5, 10, and 11) exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV activity, with EC50 values of 0.06-1.1 nM and selectivity index values of more than 10000.
- Yan, Min,Lu, Yan,Chen, Chin-Ho,Zhao, Yu,Lee, Kuo-Hsiung,Chen, Dao-Feng
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p. 2712 - 2718
(2015/12/09)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID AND ALCOHOL BY HYDROLYSIS OF ESTER
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As shown by the following formula (1), after methyl laurate (2 mmol) and water (8 mL) are added to an ammonium pyrosulfate catalyst (5 mol%), a hydrolysis reaction of methyl laurate is carried out by heating for 24 hours at 60°C while stirring is performed, so that lauric acid can be obtained with a yield of 86%.
- -
-
Paragraph 0063; 0064; 0065
(2014/11/13)
-
- BIOPASSIVATING MEMBRANE STABILIZATION BY MEANS OF NITROCARBOXYLIC ACID-CONTAINING PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN PREPARATIONS AND COATINGS
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The present invention relates to nitro-carboxylic acid (s)-containing phospholipids, to be used for coating of medical devices such as stents, catheter balloons, wound pads or surgical suture material and for bio-passivating compositions, such as rinses, waterproofing solutions, coating solutions, cryoprotection solutions, cold preservation media, lyoprotection solutions, contrast media solutions, preservation and reperfusion solutions containing these compounds as well as preparing solutions thereof and coating medical devices as well as their uses.
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Page/Page column
(2014/04/18)
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- A high-detergent-performance, cold-adapted lipase from Pseudomonas stutzeri PS59 suitable for detergent formulation
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A high-detergent-performance and cold-adapted lipase was purified and characterised from Pseudomonas stutzeri PS59, which was isolated from Daqing oil fields (Heilongjiang, PR China). The lipase was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, freeze-drying, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of the lipase was approximately 55 kDa, as measured by SDS-PAGE. The lipase showed optima activity at pH 8.5 and 20 C. The lipase activity was activated by metal ions, such as Ca2+ and Mn2+, and surfactants, such as Tween 80, Tween 20, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and urea. Oxidising agents, such as H2O2 and NaClO, were found to have little effect on the activity of the lipase, and most organic solvents can enhance the activity of the lipase. The broad substrate specificity and the compatibility of the lipase in the presence of surfactants, oxidising agents, and other detergent additives clearly indicate its potential application in the laundry industry. The hydrolysis resolution of (R,S)-ethyl 2-methylbutyrate by P. stutzeri PS59 lipase was carried out with the yield of 31.2% for R-ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, the enantiomeric excess of residual substrate (ees) was 85.7%. Thus, the lipase also showed an attractive potency for application in biocatalysis.
- Li, Xiao-Lu,Zhang, Wen-Hui,Wang, Ying-Dong,Dai, Yu-Jie,Zhang, Hui-Tu,Wang, Yue,Wang, Hai-Kuan,Lu, Fu-Ping
-
-
- Sustainable and efficient methodology for CLA synthesis and identification
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Microwave-assisted organic synthesis and continuous-flow techniques have been successfully employed for the preparation of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), compounds with high health beneficial effects. A good production rate of CLA was obtained. A sustainable methodology for the differentiation of both positional and geometrical CLA isomers (diene), based on the analysis by NMR spectroscopy of the resulting Diels-Alder cycloadducts with an appropriate dienophile, was developed.
- Moreno, Maria,Gomez, M. Victoria,Cebrian, Cristina,Prieto, Pilar,De La Hoz, Antonio,Moreno, Andres
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p. 2584 - 2594
(2013/02/23)
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- N,N-diarylammonium pyrosulfate as a highly effective reverse micelle-type catalyst for hydrolysis of esters
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Reverse micelle-type N,N-diarylammonium pyrosulfate (3-5 mol %) efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of esters (up to 100 mmol scale) under organic solvent-free conditions. The present method is successfully applied to the hydrolysis of various esters without the decomposition of the base-sensitive moieties and without any loss of optical purity for α-heterosubstituted carboxylic acids.
- Koshikari, Yoshiki,Sakakura, Akira,Ishihara, Kazuaki
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3194 - 3197
(2012/07/31)
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- Benzofurans from styrax agrestis as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies
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An extract of Styrax agrestis fruits, collected in Vietnam, significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed three new egonol-type benzofurans: egonol-9(Z),12(Z) linoleate (1), 7-demethoxyegonol-9(Z),12(Z) linoleate (2), and 7-demethoxyegonol oleate (4). Ten known egonol-type benzofurans were also isolated (3, 5, 6-13). In order to better understand structure-activity relationships in this series, egonol derivatives 14-19 were prepared by chemical modifications and evaluated for their inhibition of AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and AChE-induced Aβ aggregation. Compounds 1-4 were the most potent inhibitors of the series, which exhibited inhibitory activity against AChE (IC50 1.4-3.1 μM) and, for 1, Aβ aggregation (77.6%). Molecular docking studies were also performed to investigate interaction of these compounds with the active site of AChE.
- Liu, Jiawei,Dumontet, Vincent,Simonin, Anne-Laure,Iorga, Bogdan I.,Guerineau, Vincent,Litaudon, Marc,Nguyen, Van Hung,Gueritte, Francoise
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body text
p. 2081 - 2088
(2011/12/14)
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- Fatty acid esters from roots of amaranthus hybridus linn
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New fatty acid esters were isolated from ethanolic extract of roots of Amaranthus hybridus Linn. (Amaranthaceae). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of the detailed chemical reaction and spectral analysis as 8'-hydroxynonadecanyl-n-decanoate (1), n-docos-11-enoic acid (2), n-pentacosonyl-n-octadec-9-enoate (3), n-tricosanyl-n-octadec-9,12-dienoate (4).
- Singh, Sumitra,Singh, Sandeep,Sharma, Surendra Kumar,Ali, Mohammad
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body text
p. 232 - 234
(2011/11/30)
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- Enzyme-based hybrid macroporous foams as highly efficient biocatalysts obtained through integrative chemistry
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Integrative chemistry-based rational design has been used to synthesize the first lipase [C-CRl]@Glymo-Si(HIPE) and [C-TAl]@Glymo-Si(HIPE) hybrid macrocellular biocatalysts, where immobilization of crude enzymes is optimized, while circumventing the reactants' low kinetic diffusion, by the use of silica macroporous hosts. As a direct consequence, these new hybrid biocatalysts display unprecedented cycling catalysis performance, as demonstrated by the syntheses of butyloleate ester (used as biodiesel lubricant), hydrolysis of linoleic-glycero ester derivatives (end products used for detergent and soap generations), and trans-esterification (reaction involved in the synthesis of low viscosity biodiesel). Considering that the catalytic performances are given in terms of absolute conversion percentage and not just relative enzyme activity, the enzyme@Glymo-Si(HIPE) hybrid macrocellular biocatalysts presented in this study display unprecedented high yield cycling catalysis performances, where turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) show promise for real industrial applications. This study can be considered as a milestone for enzyme-based heterogeneous catalyzes, thereby enhancing their competitiveness with the supported-catalysts commonly used in industry, in total agreement with current sustainable development issues. Also, the new macrocellular biocatalysts are well-suited for large-scale industrial production because of their above-mentioned performance characteristics, further enhanced by their monolithic character, which eases the separation of the catalysts from other reaction components.
- Brun,Babeau Garcia,Deleuze,Achard,Sanchez,Durand,Oestreicher,Backov
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experimental part
p. 4555 - 4562
(2011/12/15)
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- Method of producing dicarboxylic acids
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A method of producing dicarboxylic acids (e.g., α,ω dicarboxylic acids) by reacting a compound having a terminal COOH (e.g., unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid) and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond with a second generation Grubbs catalyst in the absence of solvent to produce dicarboxylic acids. The method is conducted in an inert atmosphere (e.g., argon, nitrogen). The process also works well with mixed unsaturated fatty acids obtained from soybean, rapeseed, tall, and linseed oils.
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Page/Page column 11; 13
(2009/05/29)
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- Radiosynthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 123I-labeled anandamide analogues for mapping brain FAAH
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Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is one of the main enzymes responsible for terminating the signaling of endocannabinoids, including anandamide. This paper is the first report of the synthesis, [123I]-labeling and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of anandamide analogues as potential metabolic trapping radioligands for in vivo evaluation of brain FAAH. N-(2-Iodoethyl)linoleoylamide (2) and N-(2-iodoethyl)arachidonylamide (4) were synthesized with good yields (75% and 86%, respectively) in a two steps procedure starting from their respective acids. In vitro analyses, performed using recombinant rat FAAH and [3H]-anandamide, demonstrated interaction of 2 and 4 with FAAH (IC50 values of 5.78 μM and 3.14 μM, respectively). [123I]-2 and [123I]-4 were synthesized with radiochemical yields of 21% and 12%, respectively, and radiochemical purities were >90%. Biodistribution studies in mice demonstrated brain uptake for both tracers (maximum values of 1.23%ID/g at 3 min pi for [123I]-2 and 0.58%ID/g at 10 min pi for [123I]-4). However, stability studies demonstrated the sensitivity of both tracers to dehalogenation.
- wyffels, Leonie,De Bruyne, Sylvie,Blanckaert, Peter,Lambert, Didier M.,De Vos, Filip
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experimental part
p. 49 - 56
(2011/02/25)
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- Neomastoidin A, a novel monoacylglycerol with an amino acid moiety from Macrolepiota neomastoidea
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A novel monoacylglycerol with an amino acid moiety, neomastoidin A (1), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the poisonous mushroom Macrolepiota neomastoidea. The structure of 1 was established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and further confirmed
- Kim, Ki Hyun,Choi, Sang Un,Lee, Kang Ro
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scheme or table
p. 894 - 895
(2010/03/04)
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- Balanoinvolin, a new steroid derivative from Balanophora involucrate
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A new compound, β-sitosterylglucoside-3'-O-linoleate, named balanoinvolin, and three known compounds coniferin, methylconiferin, and 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylconiferyl aldehyde, were isolated from Balanophora involucrate Hook. f. and their structures were de
- Luo, Bing,Zou, Kun,Guo, Zhiyong,Dan, Feijun,Wang, Juizhi,Wang, Hui
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experimental part
p. 371 - 373
(2010/03/02)
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- Fatty acid desaturation and elongation reactions of trichoderma sp. 1-OH-2-3
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The fatty acid desaturation and elongation reactions catalyzed by Trichoderma sp. 1-OH-2-3 were investigated. This strain converted palmitic acid (16:0) mainly to stearic acid (18:0), and further to oleic acid (c9-18:1), linoleic acid (c9,c12-18:2), and α-linolenic acid (c9,c12,c15-18:3) through elongation, and Δ9, Δ12, and Δ15 desaturation reactions, respectively. Palmitoleic acid (c9-16:1) and cis-9,cis-12- hexadecadienoic acid were also produced from 16:0 by the strain. This strain converted n-tridecanoic acid (13:0) to cis-9-heptadecenoic acid and further to cis-9,cis-12-heptadecadienoic acid through elongation, and Δ9 and Δ12 desaturation reactions, respectively. trans-Vaccenic acid (t11-18:1) and trans-12-octadecenoic acid (t12-18:1) were desaturated by the strain through Δ9 desaturation. The products derived from t11-18:1 were identified as the conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) of cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid and trans-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid. The product derived from t12-18:1 was identified as cis-9,trans-12-octadecadienoic acid. cis-6,cis-9-Octadecadienoic acid was desaturated to cis-6,cis-9,cis-12-octadecatrienoic acid by this strain through Δ12 desaturation. The broad substrate specificity of the elongation, and Δ9 and Δ12 desaturation reactions of the strain is useful for fatty acid biotransformation.
- Ando, Akinori,Ogawa, Jun,Kishino, Shigenobu,Ito, Taiyo,Shirasaka, Norifumi,Sakuradani, Eiji,Yokozeki, Kenzo,Shimizu, Sakayu
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experimental part
p. 227 - 233
(2010/06/16)
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- Substrate specificity and regioselectivity of Δ12 and ω3 fatty acid desaturases from Saccharomyces kluyveri
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Δ12 and ω3 fatty acid desaturases are key enzymes in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are important constituents of membrane glycerolipids and also precursors to signaling molecules in many organisms. In this study, we determined the substrate specificity and regioselectivity of the Δ12 and ω3 fatty acid desaturases from Saccharomyces kluyveri (Sk-FAD2 and Sk-FAD3). Based on heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it was found that Sk-FAD2 converted C16-20 monounsaturated fatty acids to diunsaturated fatty acids by the introduction of a second double bond at the ν + 3 position, while Sk-FAD3 recognized the ω3 position of C18 and C20. Furthermore, fatty acid analysis of major phospholipids suggested that Sk-FAD2 and Sk-FAD3 have no strong substrate specificity toward the lipid polar head group or the sn-positions of fatty acyl groups in phospholipids.
- Oura, Takahiro,Kajiwara, Susumu
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experimental part
p. 3174 - 3179
(2009/04/07)
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- Synthesis of linoleic acids combinatorially labeled at the vinylic positions as substrates for lipoxygenases
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Mammalian lipoxygenases have been implicated in a number of inflammation-related human diseases. Soybean lipoxygenase-1 is the archetypical example of known lipoxygenases. Here we report the synthesis of linoleic acid and (11,11)-d2-linoleic acid which are combinatorially labeled at the vinylic positions (9, 10, 12, and 13). Combinatorial labeling schemes allow for the simultaneous determination of KIEs in enzymatic reactions using NMR. Substrates are, thus, available as probes of detailed mechanism in kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies of lipoxygenases.
- Meyer, Matthew P.,Klinman, Judith P.
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p. 3600 - 3603
(2008/09/19)
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- SEED SUSPENSIONS FROM "LUPINUS ALBUS", ISOLATED COMPOUNDS THEREOF AND USE AS BIOLOGICAL PLANT STRENGTHENING AGENT
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The invention relates to extracts and suspensions of plants and seeds deriving from the species Lupinus albus and combinations thereof with other extracts deriving from other plants. The invention further relates to the isolation, purification and identification of compounds in these extracts. The extracts/suspensions and the substances isolated thereof show significant plant protecting, especially bio-stimulatory efficacy, when applied to other plants in vitro and in vivo, including field conditions.
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Page/Page column 35
(2008/06/13)
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- Delta6-desaturase genes and uses thereof
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The subject invention relates to the identification of genes involved in the desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at carbon 6 (i.e., “Δ6-desaturase”). In particular, Δ6-desaturase may be utilized, for example, in the conversion of linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid and in the conversion of α-linolenic acid stearidonic acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by use of the enzyme may be added to pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional compositions, animal feeds, as well as other products such as cosmetics.
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- Copper compositions and their use as hydrogenation catalysts
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Copper compositions that are useful as hydrogenation catalysts are disclosed. In particular, the copper compounds are catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of oils that contain unsaturated fatty acyl components such as unsaturated vegetable oils. Methods of preparing the copper compositions are also disclosed. Methods of hydrogenating unsaturated compositions that contain at least two sites of unsaturation using the hydrogenation catalysts, along with products obtained from the hydrogenation reactions described herein are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 12
(2008/06/13)
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- Process
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A process for producing a conjugated di- or poly-unsaturated fatty acid having from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, or a salt or ester thereof, comprises reacting a non-conjugated free fatty acid, or a salt or ester thereof with a base in the presence of a solvent comprising a monohydric alcohol having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 120° C. to 200° C. in the presence of water in an amount of at least 4% by weight based on alcohol.
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Page/Page column 4-5
(2008/06/13)
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- Lipopeptides containing an interferon-γ fragment, and uses thereof in pharmaceutical compositions
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The invention concerns any lipopeptide characterized in that it comprises: a peptide part comprising the peptide sequence consisting of about 30 to about 50 of the last contiguous amino acids of the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) C-terminal end of mammals, whereof, if required, the last 3 to 20 amino acids have been suppressed; and one or several lipophilic parts comprising C4-C20 chain of carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, or a steroid group. The invention also concerns any lipopeptide such as defined above containing one or several CD8, and/or CD4, and/or B epitopes. The invention further concerns medicines or vaccines containing any polypeptide such as defined above.
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- Polyepitopic proteinic fragments of the E6 and E7 HPV proteins, production and use thereof in vaccines
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Polyepitopic fragments of the E6 or E7 protein of HPV comprise a peptide sequence of about 15 to 30 amino acids. This peptide sequence contains amino acid sequences of at least 3 different epitopes binding stably to HLA molecules of identical or different type, when these epitopes are obtained by enzymatic degradation of the peptide sequence, particularly in the proteasome, such that at least 4 HLA molecules of different types bind to these epitopes. These 4 HLA molecules are selected from among those of types A1, A2, A3, A11, A24, A29, B7, B8, B18, B27, B35, B44, B51 and B62.
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- Cosmetic composition comprising a complex of cyclodextrin and vitamin F
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Cosmetic or dermatological preparations are based upon vitamin F, and the vitamin F is present in the form of a complex with a cyclodextrin which includes alpha-cylodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, and gamma-cyclodextrin.
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- NEW CONJUGATED LINOLENIC ACIDS AND METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL PREPARATION AND PURIFICATION
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A method for the preparation and purification of conjugated linolenic acids is described. The method comprises blending a mixture of vegetable oils and or fats including various concentrations of alpha or gamma and or both linolenic acids with a base. The method transforms approximately over two thirds of α-linolenic acid (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid) into 9Z,11E,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid and 9Z,13E,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid. The method also transforms gamma-linolenic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid) into 6Z,8E,15Z-octadeccatrienoic acid and 6Z,10E,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid. In all cases, geometrical isomers and fully conjugated isomers are also produced.
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- Desaturase genes and uses thereof
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The subject invention relates to the identification of genes involved in the desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at carbon 5 (i.e., “Δ5-desaturase”) and at carbon 6 (i.e., “Δ6-desaturase”) and to uses thereof. In particular, Δ5-desaturase may be utilized, for example, in the conversion of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) to arachidonic acid (AA) and in the conversion of 20:4n-3 to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Delta-6 desaturase may be used, for example, in the conversion of linoleic (LA) to γ-linolenic acid (GLA). AA or polyunsaturated fatty acids produced therefrom may be added to pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional compositions, animal feeds, as well as other products such as cosmetics.
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- Desaturase genes and uses thereof
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The subject invention relates to the identification of genes involved in the desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at carbon 5 (i.e., “Δ5-desaturase”) and at carbon 6 (i.e., “Δ6-desaturase”) and to uses thereof. In particular, Δ5-desaturase may be utilized, for example, in the conversion of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) to arachidonic acid (AA) and in the conversion of 20:4n-3 to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Delta-6 desaturase may be used, for example, in the conversion of linoleic (LA) to γ-linolenic acid (GLA). AA or polyunsaturated fatty acids produced therefrom may be added to pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional compositions, animal feeds, as well as other products such as cosmetics.
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- Delta4 - desaturase genes and uses thereof
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The subject invention relates to the identification of genes involved in the desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at carbon 4 (i.e., “Δ4-desaturase”). In particular, Δ4-desaturase may be utilized, for example, in the conversion of adrenic acid to ω6-docosapentaenoic acid and in the conversion of ω3-docosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by use of the enzyme may be added to pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional compositions, animal feeds, as well as other products such as cosmetics.
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- Delta4-desaturase genes and uses thereof
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The subject invention relates to the identification of genes involved in the desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at carbon 4 (i.e., “Δ4-desaturase”). In particular, Δ4-desaturase may be utilized, for example, in the conversion of adrenic acid to ω6-docosapentaenoic acid and in the conversion of ω3-docosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by use of the enzyme may be added to pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional compositions, animal feeds, as well as other products such as cosmetics.
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- Manufacture and use of a herbicide formulation
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The invention pertains to a method for manufacture and use of a herbicidal formulation of chlorinated carboxylic acid herbicides. A number of different solvents have been found useful in this application. Furthermore, the use of surfactants that act as solvents for the acid herbicides has been discovered. These formulations have shown superior herbicidal activity when compared to standard salt and ester forms.
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- Method for commercial preparation of conjugated linoleic acid from by-products of vegetable oil refining
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Methods for quantitative conversion of soapstock, lecithin gums, deodorizer distillate and other by-products of vegetable oil refining containing interrupted double bond systems, to products with conjugated double bonds, using a reduced amount of alkali. Less than one mole of alkali per mole of acyl group present is required, thereby greatly reducing the need for added caustic compared with methods using oils, fatty acids and esters as starting materials. The preferred starting materials are soapstocks derived from vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid.
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- Manufacture and use of an deposition aid
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A homogenous composition which contains at least one pesticide and at least one deposition or drift agent.
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- Hydroxy-kojic acid skin peel
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The subject of the present invention is a hydroxy-kojic acid skin peel.
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- Steroid esters
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The invention concerns compounds of formula I STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain; R2 is hydrogen or a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain; R3 is acyl; X1 is hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine; and X2 is hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine. Also disclosed are processes for preparation of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods employing the compounds in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic conditions.
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- STEROID ESTERS
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Compounds of the general formula (I), in which formula the 1,2-position is saturated or is a double bond, R1 is hydrogen or a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain, R2 is hydrogen or a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain, R3 is acyl, X1 is hydrogen or halogen, X2 is hydrogen or halogen and provided that 1) R1 and R2 are not simultaneously hydrogen, 2) X1 and X2 are not simultaneously hydrogen, 3) when the 1,2-position is a double bond, R1 and R2 are not simultaneously methyl groups, 4) when the 1,2-position is a double, R1 is a hydrogen atom and R2 is a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain having 1-10 carbon atoms R3 is acyl having 11-20 carbon atoms, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical preparations containing them and the use of the compounds in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic conditions
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- Contrast media synthesized from polyaldehydes
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Microparticles comprising biodegradable polymers, characterized in that they are synthesized from polymerizable aldehydes, which optionally contain additives and/or crosslinkers capable of copolymerization, optionally surfactants or surfactant mixtures, gases and/or highly volatile liquids in free or bound form, coupling agents, optionally biomolecules or macromolecules bound by these coupling agents as well as optionally diagnostically or therapeutically effective components, are suitable as ultrasonic contrast media.
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- Compound for use in dietetics, reanimation and therapeutics containing protein fractions based on three types of minipeptides
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Methods of treating patients with new compositions intended for use in dietetics, reanimation and therapeutics are provided. The new compositions contain a protein fraction based on three types of minipeptides. The method involves the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition including specific minipeptides including casein minipeptides with and without phosphopeptides wherein the quantity of selected minipeptides is chosen to assure a proper balance between the sulfur containing amino acids and phosphors bound to proteins.
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- Integrated process for recovery of carotenoids and tocotrienols from oil
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A process and apparatus is disclosed for separation of fatty acid alkyl esters, carotenoids and tocotrienols from oil. Fatty acids in a vegetable oil are subjected to alcoholic esterification to form an ester-rich layer including fatty acid alkyl esters, carotenoids and tocotrienols. The ester-rich layer is exposed to solvolytic micellization to form a carotenoid-rich layer. The ester-rich layer is separated from the carotenoid-rich layer. The carotenoids in the carotenoid-rich layer are concentrated and can be adsorptively separated from the carotenoid-rich layer. Fatty acid alkyl esters are separated from the ester-rich layer to form a tocotrienol-rich layer. Individual tocotrienols in the tocotrienol-rich layer are adsorptively separated and concentrated.
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- Radical nitrile transfer with methanesulfonyl cyanide or P-toluenesulfonyl cyanide to carbon radicals generated from the acyl derivatives of N-hydroxy-2-thiopyridone
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Reaction of methanesulfonyl cyanide or p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide with carbon radicals generated from the acyl derivatives of N-hydroxy-2-thiopyridone gives the corresponding nitriles in high yield. A mechanistic scheme is suggested.
- Barton,Jaszberenyi,Theodorakis
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p. 3321 - 3324
(2007/10/02)
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- THE INVENTION OF RADICAL REACTIONS PART XVIII. A CONVENIENT SOLUTION TO THE 1-CARBON PROBLEM (R-CO2H --> R-13CO2H)
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Radicals generated by photolysis (W light) of esters derived from N-hydroxy-2-thiopyridone react with electrophilic isocyanides 2a and (in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid) 2b to give adducts of type 3.Convenient reaction procedures have been worked out to hydrolyse the adducts to amides of type 5, from which the original acid can be regenerated under mild conditions.The three important acids oleic, linoleic and arachidonic have all given smooth reactions.In suitable examples, quantitative evolution of carbon dioxide and incorporation of 13C without dilution have been demonstrated.This reaction sequence will be useful for the labelling in the carboxyl group of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and the side chain carboxyls of peptides.
- Barton, Derek H. R.,Ozbalik, Nubar,Vacher, Bernard
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p. 3501 - 3512
(2007/10/02)
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- Photochimie et photoreacteurs solaires
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The simulation of a cylindrical photoreactor placed along the axis of a tronconic mirror directed to the sun shows that the fractional conversion is only function of a modified Damkoehler number and of the optical density.The conjugaison of dienic fatty acids with iodine as catalyst and the synthesis of cyclohexanone oxime are studied on a solar pilot plant.The simulation do not allow to consider all the parameters which interfere at the pilot scale.
- Chevalier, J.-L.,Gaston-Bonhomme, Y.,Luciani, A.,Ucciani, E.,Cecchi, G.
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p. 1083 - 1087
(2007/10/02)
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- RETENTION OF CONFIGURATION IN DOUBLE BOND PROTECTION-DEPROTECTION BY BROMINATION-CATHODIC DEBROMINATION
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The double bond can be mildly protected by bromination with PyHBr3; deprotection is achieved by cathodic reduction at -1.4 V.The overall yields range from 68 to 99 percent, the configuration of the double bond is retained with at least 96 percent.
- Husstedt, Urda,Schaefer, Hans J.
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p. 623 - 624
(2007/10/02)
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- Unsaturated fatty acid hydrazides
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Mono- or poly-unsaturated fatty acid hydrazides, e.g. cis,-9-octadecenoic acid, 2-(o-methylphenyl)-hydrazide are useful as pharmaceutical agents and are obtainable by reacting a derivative, e.g. mixed anhydride, of a long chain unsaturated carboxylic acid with an appropriate hydrazine compound.
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