- Photochemical 1,3-migration of the hydroxyl group in 1-alkyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles
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Irradiation of 1-alkyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles in degassed solutions afforded 1-alkyl-4-hydroxyoxindoles via 1,3-migration of the hydroxyl group together with 1-alkyloxindoles.
- Tatsugi, Jiro,Ikuma, Kenji,Izawa, Yasuji
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Read Online
- Triazatruxene-based organic dyes containing a rhodanine-3-acetic acid acceptor for dye-sensitized solar cells
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Two novel triazatruxene-based organic dyes with a rhodanine acceptor have been designed, synthesized, and applied as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the dyes were investigated using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and density functional theory calculations. Dyes with π-conjugated spacers, thiophene and benzene, both showed broad IPCE responses even up to 800 nm which covers almost the whole visible light spectrum and offers great potential in DSSCs. An overall conversion efficiency of 3.60% under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm-2) was achieved with the benzene spaced dye.
- Qian, Xing,Lu, Lin,Zhu, Yi-Zhou,Gao, Huan-Huan,Zheng, Jian-Yu
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Read Online
- New donor-π-acceptor type triazatruxene derivatives for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
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A new class of organic dyes based on triazatruxene have been designed and synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells. The photoelectronic properties of these donor-π-acceptor dyes can be tuned by changing π-conjugated linkers. The best performance was found for triazatruxene dye TD1, wherein, with thiophene as the conjugated linker and cyanoacrylic acid as the acceptor, a power conversion efficiency up to 6.10% was achieved.
- Qian, Xing,Zhu, Yi-Zhou,Song, Jian,Gao, Xue-Ping,Zheng, Jian-Yu
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Read Online
- A novel methodology for the efficient synthesis of 3-monohalooxindoles by acidolysis of 3-phosphate-substituted oxindoles with haloid acids
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A novel method for the synthesis of 3-monohalooxindoles by acidolysis of isatin-derived 3-phosphate-substituted oxindoles with haloid acids was developed. This synthetic strategy involved the preparation of 3-phosphate-substituted oxindole intermediates and SN1 reactions with haloid acids. This new procedure features mild reaction conditions, simple operation, good yield, readily available and inexpensive starting materials, and gram-scalability.
- Huang, Tiao,Kong, Dulin,Li, Yue,Liu, Li,Wu, Mingshu
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p. 2321 - 2328
(2021/09/22)
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- Synthesis and Exploration of Abscisic Acid Receptor Agonists Against Dought Stress by Adding Constraint to a Tetrahydroquinoline-Based Lead Structure
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New oxotetrahydroquinolinyl- and oxindolinyl sulfonamides interacting with RCAR/(PYR/PYL) receptor proteins were identified as lead structures against drought stress in crops starting from protein docking studies of a sulfonamide lead structure, followed by in-depth SAR studies. Optimized five to six step synthetic approaches via substituted amino oxo-tetrahydro-quinolines and amino oxo-indolines as essential intermediates gave access to the envisaged oxo-tetrahydroquinolinyl and oxindolinyl sulfonamides. Whilst oxo-tetrahydroquinolinyl sulfonamides with additional carbon substituents or spiro-cycloalkyl groups exhibited only low to moderate target affinities, the corresponding spiro-oxindolinyl and oxo-tetrahydroquinolinyl sulfonamides carrying optimized N-substituents revealed strong interactions with RCAR/(PYR/PYL) receptor proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Remarkably, the in vitro activity observed for these new compounds was on the same level as observed for the naturally occurring plant hormone in line with strong efficacy against drought stress in-vivo (canola and wheat as broad-acre crops).
- Baltz, Rachel,Bojack, Guido,Dittgen, Jan,Fischer, Christian,Frackenpohl, Jens,Freigang, J?rg,Getachew, Rahel,Grill, Erwin,Helmke, Hendrik,Hohmann, Sabine,Lange, Gudrun,Lehr, Stefan,Porée, Fabien,Schmidt, Jana,Schmutzler, Dirk,Yang, Zhenyu
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p. 3442 - 3457
(2021/06/25)
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- Synthesis of Oxindole Derivatives via Intramolecular C–H Insertion of Diazoamides Using Ru(II)-Pheox Catalyst
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This work presented the efficient intramolecular aromatic C–H insertion of diazoacetamide. The 1a–1o diazo compounds (except for 1k) were converted into their corresponding oxindoles via an intramolecular C–H insertion reaction in the presence of a Ru catalyst. The Ru-Pheox catalyst was shown to be highly efficient in this transformation in terms of the regioselectivity, producing the desired products in excellent yield (99%). The efficiency of the Ru catalyst reached 580 (TON) and 156 min?1 (TOF).
- Phan Thi Thanh, Nga,Dang Thi Thu, Huong,Tone, Masaya,Inoue, Hayato,Iwasa, Seiji
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- Annulation reaction of cyclic pyridinium ylides with: In situ generated azoalkenes for the construction of spirocyclic skeletons
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Two new types of cyclic pyridinium ylides were designed and further used in reactions with azoalkenes to access structurally diverse spirocyclic compounds. A range of spiropyrazoline oxindoles could be smoothly obtained in up to 99% yield via a [4 + 1] annulation process with oxindole 3-pyridinium ylides as C1 synthons. Similarly, a series of spiropyrazoline indanones could be prepared with indanone 2-pyridinium ylides as C1 synthons. This work represents the first example of cyclic pyridinium ylides as C1 synthons for the efficient construction of spirocyclic compounds.
- Quan, Bao-Xue,Yuan, Wei-Cheng,Zhang, Ming-Liang,Zhang, Xiao-Mei,Zhao, Jian-Qiang,Zhou, Ming-Qiang,Zhuo, Jun-Rui
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p. 1886 - 1891
(2020/03/23)
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- Enantioselective Arylation of 3-Carboxamide Oxindoles with Quinone Monoimines and Synthesis of Chiral Spirooxindole-benzofuranones
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A highly enantioselective arylation of 3-carboxamide oxoindoles with quinone monoimines is described. Various 3-aryl-3-carboxamide oxindoles with an all-carbon quaternary center were obtained in moderate to good yields (up to 99%) with moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 98%) in the presence of a bifunctional thiourea-tertiary amine catalyst. The absolute configuration of one product was determined by an X-ray crystal structural analysis and the absolute configurations of the other products can be assigned by analogy. Moreover, several chiral spirooxindole-benzofuranones were synthesized from the 3-aryl-3-carboxamide oxindoles in moderate yields with moderate to good enantioselectivities.
- Chen, Hui,Liu, Hui,Zhao, Si-Han,Cheng, Shao-Bing,Xu, Xiao-Ying,Yuan, Wei-Cheng,Zhang, Xiao-Mei
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supporting information
p. 1067 - 1072
(2019/05/24)
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- Method for synthesizing indole-2-ketone compound
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The invention belongs to the technical field of organic chemical synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for synthesizing an indole-2-ketone compound. Indole-2-ketone compound synthesis is difficultly industrialized due to the problems of poor yield, cost and environmental protection in the prior art, the method includes the steps: taking a compound X as a catalyst in a hydrous organic solvent; performing reaction on indole and water under the condition of oxidizing agents to obtain the indole-2-ketone compound. The compound X is preferably iodine, and the indole-2-ketone compound is applicable to the field of organic synthesis and medicine.
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Paragraph 0072; 0074
(2018/11/03)
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- Synthesis of 2-Oxindoles from Substituted Indoles by Hypervalent-Iodine Oxidation
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A practical conversion of indoles into the corresponding 2-oxindoles is achieved efficiently using a hypervalent iodine reagent. This oxidation is amenable to different substituted indoles, and allows the synthesis of a wide range of synthetically valuable substituted 2-oxindoles in up to 90 % yield. Furthermore, Ropinirole, a drug used to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, was synthesized in three steps in an overall yield of 44 % using this method.
- Jiang, Xinpeng,Zheng, Cong,Lei, Lijun,Lin, Kai,Yu, Chuanming
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p. 1437 - 1442
(2018/04/06)
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- Method for directly synthesizing substituted 2-indolone by substituted indole under neutral condition
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The invention relates to a method for directly synthesizing substituted 2-indolone by substituted indole under the neutral condition. The method comprises the following steps of sequentially adding organic solvents and water according to the proportion of 1:1-1:20 at the room temperature; then, adding high-iodine reagents; raising the temperature to 40 to 160 DEG C; then, adding indole; performingreaction for 1 to 8 hours to obtain the substituted 2-indolone compounds. The method has the main innovation point that under the neutral condition, substituted 2-indolone is directly synthesized through indole oxidization; the use of strong acid reagents is avoided. The method has the advantages that the raw materials are cheap and can be easily obtained; the operation is simple and convenient;the substrate universality is high; the reaction yield is high, and the like.
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Paragraph 0032-0033
(2018/07/06)
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- Reactivity of spiroanthraceneoxazolidines with cyclopropanes: An approach to the oxindole alkaloid scaffold
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The reaction of N-methylspiro[anthracene-oxazolidine] with spiro[cyclopropane-3,3′-indolin]-2-ones in the presence of MgI2 formed the corresponding spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3′-indolin]-2-ones in 42–65% yields. The use of N-benzylspiro[anthracene-oxazolidine] in this reaction led to the formation of a mixture of the corresponding N-methyl- and N-benzylpyrrolidines.
- Buev, Evgeny M.,Moshkin, Vladimir S.,Sosnovskikh, Vyacheslav Y.
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p. 3409 - 3412
(2018/08/20)
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- Copper powder-catalyzed chelation-assisted cascade reaction of: O -chloroarylacetic acids with amines under solvent- and ligand-free conditions: Synthesis of oxindoles
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An efficient method to construct oxindole scaffolds from o-chloroarylacetic acids/esters with amines has been explored. This cascade protocol involves the in situ generation of o-aminoarylacetic acid derivatives by the copper powder catalyzed and weak O-chelation assisted Ullmann amination of unactivated C-Cl bonds under air, and solvent-/ligand-free conditions followed by annulative N-acylation.
- Li, Jiang-Sheng,Chen, Guo-Qin,Yang, Qian,Li, Zhi-Wei,Liu, Ci-Zhi,Huang, Peng-Mian
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p. 45227 - 45231
(2017/10/13)
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- Autoxidation/Aldol Tandem Reaction of 2-Oxindoles with Ketones: A Green Approach for the Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-Oxindoles
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In the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride and molecular sieves (MS) 4 ? in DMF, an efficient autoxidation reaction of 2-oxindoles with ketones under air at room temperature has been developed. This approach may provide a green, practical, and metal-free protocol for a wide range of biologically important 3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxo-alkyl)-2-oxindoles.
- Zhang, Qing-Bao,Jia, Wen-Liang,Ban, Yong-Liang,Zheng, Yong,Liu, Qiang,Wu, Li-Zhu
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p. 2595 - 2598
(2016/02/27)
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- USE OF SUBSTITUTED DIHYDROOXINDOLYLSULFONAMIDES, OR THE SALTS THEREOF, FOR INCREASING THE STRESS TOLERANCE OF PLANTS
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The invention relates to the use of substituted dihydrooxindolylsulfonamides or salts thereof of the formula (I) where the radicals in the general formula (I) correspond to the definitions given in the description, for enhancing stress tolerance in plants to abiotic stress, and/or for increasing plant yield.
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- Reaction of 2-chloro-1-alkyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehydes with barbituric acids and 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one. Formation of compound with extremely short intramolecular hydrogen bond in eight-membered pseudocycle
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New indolin-2-one derivatives, containing in its molecules eight-membered pseudo-cycle with unusually short intramolecular hydrogen bond in OHO-bridge have been synthesized by reaction of 2-chloro-1-alkyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde with barbituric acids or 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one. Under the action of amines they undergo fragmentation to 5-aminomethylenebarbituric acids or 4-aminomethylenepyrazolones and 1-alkyl-1,3-dihydroindol-2-ones.
- Suzdalev, Konstantin F.,Babakova, Maria N.,Kartsev, Victor G.,Krasnov, Konstantin A.
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- Regioselective synthesis of heteroaryl triflones by LDA (lithium diisopropylamide)-mediated anionic thia-Fries rearrangement
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Novel heteroaryl triflones including oxindole, pyrazolone, pyridine, and quinoline derivatives have been regioselectively synthesized by LDA-mediated thia-Fries rearrangement for the first time. These reactions are also the first examples of the application of anionic thia-Fries rearrangement in heteroaromatic compounds.
- Xu, Xiu-Hua,Wang, Xin,Liu, Guo-Kai,Tokunaga, Etsuko,Shibata, Norio
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p. 2544 - 2547
(2012/07/14)
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- The synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of a series of novel 3,8,13-substituted triindole derivatives
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The synthesis and properties of a series of new 3,8,13-substituted triindole derivatives 1a-1e are reported. The 3,8,13-substituted triindoles were thermally robust with high decomposition temperatures (≥405°C) and high melt transitions (219°C-373°C). Compound 5e was crystallized in the monoclinic system with the space group P21/n. These compounds showed UV-Vis absorption (λmaxAbs) in the range of 311-345 nm in DCM solution and 371-391 nm in solid state, and fluorescence maxima (λmaxEm) in the range of 394-412 nm in DCM solution and 416-461 nm in solid state. The fluorescence quantum yields ranged from 0.27 to 0.58. The estimated electron affinities (LUMO levels) and estimated ionization potential (HOMO levels) of compounds 1a-1e are 3.54-3.71 eV and 5.12-5.48 eV, respectively. Quantum chemical calculations using DFT B3LYP/6-31G showed nearly identical LUMO (-0.72 to -1.10 eV) and HOMO (-4.65 to -4.84 eV) values. These results demonstrated that the new 3,8,13-substituted triindoles are promising thermally stable host materials for organic light-emitting diodes with reasonable hole mobility.
- Zhu, Tianhao,He, Guangke,Chang, Jin,Zhao, Dongdong,Zhu, Xiaolin,Zhu, Hongjun
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p. 679 - 688
(2012/11/07)
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- Ultrasound promoted clay catalyzed efficient and one pot synthesis of substituted oxindoles
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A simple facile, one-pot synthesis of oxindoles in reasonable purity is reported via intramolecular Friedal-Craft cyclization. Clay KSF is an inexpensive, efficient and mild catalyst for the synthesis of substituted oxindoles by the reaction of chloroacetyl chloride and various anilines under the influence of ultrasonic irradiation under solvent-free conditions. The remarkable advantages of this method are the simple experimental procedures, short reaction times, high yields of products, suitability for a wide variety of substituents, and the green aspects through the avoidance of toxic catalyst and solvents.
- Dandia,Bhati,Jain,Sharma
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experimental part
p. 1143 - 1147
(2012/03/10)
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- Switching high two-photon efficiency: From 3,8,13-substituted triindole derivatives to their 2,7,12-isomers
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Bridging the triindole core and triarylboryl acceptor by an ethenylene linker at the 3,8,13- or 2,7,12-position, the resultant 3-BET and 2-BET show two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections of δ = 2100 and 2500 GM (at 810 nm by femtosecond pulses in THF), respectively. The TPA enhancement of the 2,7,12-isomers is also found when comparing 3-BYT and 2-BYT (δ = 870 and 1900 GM) and 3-NET and 2-NET (36 and 400 GM).
- Ji, Lei,Fang, Qi,Yuan, Mao-Sen,Liu, Zhi-Qiang,Shen, Yu-Xiang,Chen, Hong-Feng
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5192 - 5195
(2011/02/27)
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- Oxindole oxazolidinone as antibacterial agent
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The present invention provides a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R1 is C1-4alkyl, optionally substituted with a fluoro atom, or R1 is a cyclopropyl or cyclopropylmethyl; and R2 is methyl or ethyl. The compound is useful as antibacterial agents.
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Page/Page column 7
(2008/06/13)
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- Oxazolidinones containing oxindoles as antibacterial agents
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The present invention relates to novel oxazolidinones derivatives of oxindoles of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein Y1 is —CH— or —CF—; R1 is —C1-4alkyl, optionally substituted with a fluoro atom, or R1 is —C3-5cycloalkyl; and R2 is —H or —CH3. These compounds are useful as antibacterial agents.
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Page/Page column 11
(2008/06/13)
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- Microwave-assisted sequential amide bond formation and intramolecular amidation: A rapid entry to functionalized oxindoles
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A general method has been developed for the synthesis of N-substituted oxindoles. The two-step process involves initial microwave-assisted amide bond formation between 2-halo-arylacetic acids and various alkylamines and anilines, followed by a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amidation under aqueous conditions. In the case of alkylamines, the procedure can be carried out as a one-pot process without isolation of the intermediate amide.
- Poondra, Rajamohan R.,Turner, Nicholas J.
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p. 863 - 866
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some imidazole substituted indoles
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The compounds 1-substituted 2-(imidazol-1-yl)-3-(4,5-diarylimidazol-2-yl) indoles 2, 1-substituted 2-(imidazol-1-yl)-3-(phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl) indoles 3 and 1-substituted 2-(imidazol-1-yl)-3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)indoles 4 have been synthesized from 1-substituted 2-(imidazol-1-yl)-3-formylindole 1. The structural elucidation of the synthesised compounds has been performed by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds are examined and notable antifungal activity is obtained from some of the compounds as expected in comparison with the control agent ketoconazole.
- Benkli, Kadriye,Demirayak, Seref,Gundogdu-Karaburun, Nalan,Kiraz, Nuri,Iscan, Gokalp,Ucucu, Umit
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p. 174 - 179
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of substituted oxindoles from α-chloroacetanilides via palladium-catalyzed C - H functionalization
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A novel method for the synthesis of oxindoles is described. In the presence of catalytic palladium acetate and 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl, α-chloroacetanilides are converted to oxindoles in good to excellent yields with high functional group compatibility using triethylamine as a stoichiometric base. The cyclization is highly regioselective, obviating the need for prefunctionalized arenes. Plausible mechanistic pathways for the reaction are discussed. Copyright
- Hennessy, Edward J.,Buchwald, Stephen L.
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p. 12084 - 12085
(2007/10/03)
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- Free radical cyclization reactions of alkylsulfonyl and alkylthio substituted aromatic amide derivatives
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Free radical cyclization reactions of alkylsulfonyl and alkylthio substituted aromatic amide derivatives are described. Carbon radicals can be generated efficiently from the sulfonyl radical induced reaction of allylsulfones or the oxidation of carbonyl c
- Wu, Yi-Lung,Chuang, Che-Ping,Lin, Pey-Yun
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p. 6209 - 6217
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient synthesis of oxindoles by thermal and rhodium(II)-catalyzed Wolff rearrangement
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An efficient synthesis of oxindoles is achieved from a thermal and rhodium(II)-catalyzed Wolff rearrangement of diazoquinolinediones in moderate yields.
- Lee, Yong Rok,Suk, Jung Yup,Kim, Byung So
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p. 8219 - 8221
(2007/10/03)
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- Selective photo-reduction of 1-alkylisatins in degassed alcoholic solutions
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Irradiation of 1-alkylisatins (1) in degassed alcohols afforded 1-alkyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles (2) and 1-alkyloxindoles (3) as chemoselective photoproducts.
- Tatsugi, Jiro,Ikuma, Kenji,Izawa, Yasuji
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- The Nafion-H Catalysed Cyclization of α-Carbomethoxy-α-Diazoacetanilides. Synthesis of 3-Unsubstituted-2-Indolinones.
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Diazoanilides of type 4 were found to undergo Nafion-H catalysed cyclization onto the aromatic ring and concomitant decarboxylation, under optimal conditions, to give 3-unsubstituted 2-indolinones 5 in moderate yields.Diazoanilides that possess electron-donating substituents in the aromatic moiety gave higher yields of 5 and, in one case, the presence of an electron-withdrawing group in the aromatic moiety did not impede the cyclization.In the case of the diazoanilides that possess a N-butenyl group, preferential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the diazo unit onto the butenyl double bond occurred to give an unstable 1-pyrazoline which was converted, by loss of nitrogen accompanied by hydrogen migration, to dihydro-2-pyridinone derivatives.It was also found that substituents ortho to the amido group and/or the site of cyclization sterically retarded the cyclization.
- Wee, Andrew G.,Liu, Baosheng
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p. 609 - 626
(2007/10/02)
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- Organic Gas-Solid Reactions with Stilbenes, Chalcones, and Enamides
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Crystalline stilbene (1) adds gaseous chlorine and bromine without intermediate melting.The stereoselectivity is similar to that observed in solutions.Triphenylethene (3) also yields the products 4 in gas-solid reactions with chlorine and bromine, but these products tend to loose HX from the crystal; their conversion products are described.Neither crystalline 1 nor 3, but (E)-1,2-diphenyl-1-propene (7) adds gaseous hydrogen bromide regiospecifically.The same is true for the crystalline chalcone 10, which adds hydrogen bromide and -chloride selectively to give 11 nonisotypically.Gaseous ammonia reconverts crystalline 11 into 10.The enamide 12 in its crystalline state adds the gases hydrogen bromide, -chloride, methanethiol and hydrogen, to give the products 13, but also 15 (addition and condensation) and 16 (double addition). 13f which is formed via hydrogenation of crystals is not isotypical with its precursor 12.The liquid 17 crstallizes on freezing and then easily adds the gases hydrogen bromide (> - 50 deg C) and hydrogen chloride (> - 80 deg C) in highly controlled reactions to give the reactive compounds 18.These are converted not only into oligomers but also into the derivatives 19, 20, 21, and 22.The advantages of the unusual reaction procedures are discussed.
- Kaupp, Gerd,Matthies, Doris
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p. 1897 - 1904
(2007/10/02)
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- Aromatization of Aliphatic Compounds. VII (1). Benzofuranones, Indoles and Oxindoles
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2(4H)-5,6-Dihydrobenzofuranones 3 gave, when treated with pyridine hydrochloride at 200 deg, the corresponding arylacetic acids 1 in good yields, whereas the aza analogues, the tetrahydrooxindoles 6 gave indoles in poor yields.The oxidation products of 3 (11 and 13) and of 6 (12, 14 and 15) gave, with the same reagent, benzofuranones and oxindoles, respectively, both in good yields.
- Giannangeli, M.,Baiocchi, L.
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p. 891 - 895
(2007/10/02)
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- Substituent Effects on the Product Distribution in Diazo Amide Photochemistry. Role of Ground-State Conformational Populations
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Effects of substituents on the photochemical processes of several α-diazo amides (1a-f) have been studied .Irradiation of 1b in ethyl ether and acetone afforded, in addition to a β-lactam, the reaction products with the solvents, ie., EtOCH2CONMe2 and 1,3-dioxolane, respectively, whereas similar irradiation of 1a in these solvents gave only intramolecular reaction products, ie., β- and γ-lactams.Displacement of oneof the alkyl groups on the amide nitrogen with a Ph group markedly changed its photochemical processes.Thus irradiations of 1c and 1d in MeOH gave oxindole almost exclusively.Introduction of an acetyl group on the diazo carbon also caused a change in the product distributions.Photolysis of 1e in methanol gave, for exaple, the Wolff rearrangement (WR) product of Me migration and a β-lactam, whereas similar irradiation of 1f afforded WR product and oxindole.The results are interpreted as indicating that the β-lactam, the oxindole, and the WR product are derived from the excited singlet state of s-Z form of the diazo amide itself, whereas that of s-E form dissociates nitrogen to generate singlet carbene, and that populations of each conformers in the ground state are important in determining the photochemical processes of the α-diazo amide.
- Tomioka, Hideo,Kondo, Masato,Izawa, Yasuji
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p. 1090 - 1094
(2007/10/02)
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- Oxindoles as sleep-inducers
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Sleep inducers of the formula: STR1 wherein R is hydrogen or halo of atomic weight of from 18 to 36, R' is hydrogen, halo or CF3 and R° is hydrogen or lower alkyl. Preparation by cyclizing a 2-nitro-phenylacetic acid is also disclosed.
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