- Indium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Primary Carbamates and N-Substituted Ureas
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An indium triflate-catalyzed synthesis of primary carbamates from alcohols and urea as an ecofriendly carbonyl source has been developed. Various linear, branched, and cyclic alcohols were converted into the corresponding carbamates in good to excellent yields. This method also provided access to N-substituted ureas by carbamoylation of amines. All the products were obtained by simple filtration or crystallization, without the need for chromatographic purification. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the carbamoylation reaction proceeds through activation of urea by O-coordination with indium, followed by nucleophilic attack by the alcohol or amine on the carbonyl center of urea. The inexpensive and easily available starting materials and catalyst, the short reaction times, and the ease of product isolation highlight the inherent practicality of the developed method.
- Jain, Isha,Malik, Payal
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supporting information
p. 93 - 97
(2021/11/26)
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- Synthesis of Biuret Derivatives as Potential HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Using (LDHs-g-HMDI-Citric Acid), as a Green Recyclable Catalyst
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In this study, a novel catalyst based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) attached by hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HMDI) and citric acid (LDHs-g-HMDI-Citric acid) is reported and used to increase the yield of biurets synthesis. Biuret derivatives 5a–n were prepared by reaction of several phenyl allophanates (3a–d), which prepared from the reaction of phenyl chloroformate and urea derivatives (2a–d), with variously substituted amines (4a–g) in the presence of LDHs-g-HMDI-Citric acid as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst at reflux condition for 60–180 min. These biurets (5a–n) were evaluated for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitory activity by HIV-1 p24 antigen ELISA kit and six of them (5n, 5i, 5j, 5 m, 5f, and 5a) showed moderate activity on HIV-1 virus with IC50 values ranging from 55 to 100 μM compared with the azidothymidine as the reference drug (IC50 = 0.11 μM). Results of the in vitro test and docking study were in good correlation.
- Ghiasifar, Zahra,Salehabadi, Hafezeh,Adibpour, Neda,Alipour, Eskandar,Kobarfard, Farzad,Shoushizadeh, Mohammad Reza
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- Green and efficient synthesis of thioureas, ureas, primary: O -thiocarbamates, and carbamates in deep eutectic solvent/catalyst systems using thiourea and urea
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An efficient and general catalysis process was developed for the direct preparation of various primary O-thiocarbamates/carbamates as well as monosubstituted thioureas/ureas by using thiourea/urea as biocompatible thiocarbonyl (carbonyl) sources. This procedure used choline chloride/tin(ii) chloride [ChCl][SnCl2]2 with a dual role as a green catalyst and reaction medium to afford the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, the DES can be easily recovered and reused for seven cycles with no significant loss in its activity. Besides, the method shows very good performance for synthesizing the desired products on a large scale.
- Bagherzadeh, Nastaran,Sardarian, Ali Reza,Inaloo, Iman Dindarloo
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supporting information
p. 11852 - 11858
(2021/07/12)
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- Enzyme-Inspired Lysine-Modified Carbon Quantum Dots Performing Carbonylation Using Urea and a Cascade Reaction for Synthesizing 2-Benzoxazolinone
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Catalysts as the dynamo of chemical reactions along with solvents play paramount roles in organic transformations in long-lasting modes. Thus, developing effective and biobased catalysts in nontoxic solvents is highly in demand. In this report, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) functionalized with-lysine (Lys-CQDs) were generated from entirely nature-derived materials; they were demonstrated to be a promising catalyst for C-N bond formation in choline chloride urea (ChCl/U), a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). Among a number of synthesized CQDs, Lys-CQD turned out to be a powerful catalyst in the model reaction with aniline to afford phenyl urea. This type of transformation is important because aniline as a nucleophile has low activity, and urea is a very weak electrophile but an abundant natural source of the carbonyl moiety at the same time. The optimized reaction was performed under a highly desirable condition without using tedious and toxic workup processes at a low temperature (37 °C for aliphatic amines and 60 °C for aniline derivatives), as well as by embracing the broad scope of products in good to high yields even with weak nucleophiles such as aniline. A proposed acid-activated mechanism was suggested for the model reaction that was further confirmed by detecting ammonia as the leaving group. To show further multifunctionality of the catalyst, a cascade catalysis approach was developed for synthesizing 2-benzoxazolinone, which was furnished in a two-step transformation, starting from 2-aminophenol. Using X-ray crystallography, the structure of the final product in the cascade reaction was also determined. The catalyst was characterized using various analytical techniques including SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, DLS, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Measuring the acid/base sites by back titration, the catalyst was shown to be highly functionalized by the lysine functional group. The size of the catalyst was determined to be in the range of 1-8 nm, having a well-dispersed surface. In all, Lys-modified CQD, as a metal-free catalyst, was synthesized, characterized, and optimized for carbonylation, as well as a cascade reaction, under mild conditions. The whole process including catalyst synthesis and organic transformations is economically competitive and fulfills all requirements toward viability.
- Hasani, Morteza,Kalhor, Hamid R.
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p. 10778 - 10788
(2021/09/08)
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- A Cu-Promoted C-N Coupling of Boron Esters and Diaziridinone: An Approach to Aryl Ureas
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A novel Cu-promoted C-N coupling between boron esters and di-tert-butyldiaziridinone is described. A wide variety of aryl ureas can be readily obtained under mild conditions with up to a 92% yield.
- Li, Jing,Wang, Xiaoyu,Wang, Zhanwei,Shi, Yian
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p. 8958 - 8962
(2021/11/24)
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- Electrophotocatalytic C?H Heterofunctionalization of Arenes
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The electrophotocatalytic heterofunctionalization of arenes is described. Using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanoquinone (DDQ) under a mild electrochemical potential with visible-light irradiation, arenes undergo oxidant-free hydroxylation, alkoxylation, and amination with high chemoselectivity. In addition to batch reactions, an electrophotocatalytic recirculating flow process is demonstrated, enabling the conversion of benzene to phenol on a gram scale.
- Huang, He,Lambert, Tristan H.
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supporting information
p. 11163 - 11167
(2021/04/19)
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- Design and synthesis of novel pyrazole-phenyl semicarbazone derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitor: Kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation study
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A series of novel pyrazole-phenyl semicarbazone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Given the importance of hydrogen bonding in promoting the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, pharmacophore modification was established. The docking results rationalized the idea of the design. All newly synthesized compounds exhibited excellent in vitro yeast α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 values in the range of 65.1–695.0 μM) even much more potent than standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 μM). Among them, compounds 8o displayed the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 65.1 ± 0.3 μM). Kinetic study of compound 8o revealed that it inhibited α-glucosidase in a competitive mode (Ki = 87.0 μM). Limited SAR suggested that electronic properties of substitutions have little effect on inhibitory potential of compounds. Cytotoxic studies demonstrated that the active compounds (8o, 8k, 8p, 8l, 8i, and 8a) compounds are also non-cytotoxic. The binding modes of the most potent compounds 8o, 8k, 8p, 8l and 8i was studied through in silico docking studies. Molecular dynamic simulations have been performed in order to explain the dynamic behavior and structural changes of the systems by the calculation of the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF).
- Azimi, Fateme,Ghasemi, Jahan B.,Azizian, Homa,Najafi, Mohammad,Faramarzi, Mohammad Ali,Saghaei, Lotfollah,Sadeghi-aliabadi, Hojjat,Larijani, Bagher,Hassanzadeh, Farshid,Mahdavi, Mohammad
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p. 1082 - 1095
(2020/11/20)
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- Synthesis of Five-Membered Cyclic Guanidines via Cascade [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of α-Haloamides with Organo-cyanamides
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The convenient preparation of N2-unprotected five-membered cyclic guanidines was achieved through a cascade [3 + 2] cycloaddition between organo-cyanamides and α-haloamides under mild conditions in good to excellent yields (up to 99%). The corresponding cyclic guanidines could be easily transformed into hydantoins via hydrolysis.
- Wang, Chuan-Chuan,Qu, Ya-Li,Liu, Xue-Hua,Ma, Zhi-Wei,Yang, Bo,Liu, Zhi-Jing,Chen, Xiao-Pei,Chen, Ya-Jing
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p. 3546 - 3554
(2021/02/16)
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- Catalytic hydration of cyanamides with phosphinous acid-based ruthenium(ii) and osmium(ii) complexes: scope and mechanistic insights
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The synthesis of a large variety of ureas R1R2NC(O)NH2 (R1 and R2 = alkyl, aryl or H; 26 examples) was successfully accomplished by hydration of the corresponding cyanamides R1R2NCN using the phosphinous acid-based complexes [MCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PMe2OH)] (M = Ru (1), Os (2)) as catalysts. The reactions proceeded cleanly under mild conditions (40-70 °C), in the absence of any additive, employing low metal loadings (1 molpercent) and water as the sole solvent. In almost all the cases, the osmium complex 2 featured a superior reactivity in comparison to that of its ruthenium counterpart 1. In addition, for both catalysts, the reaction rates observed for the hydration of the cyanamide substrates were remarkably faster than those involving classical aliphatic and aromatic nitriles. Computational studies allowed us to rationalize all these trends. Thus, the calculations indicated that the presence of a nitrogen atom directly linked to the CN bond depopulates electronically the nitrile carbon by inductive effect when coordinated to the metal center, thus favouring the intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the OH group of the phosphinous acid ligand to this carbon. On the other hand, the higher reactivity of Os vs. Ru seems to be related with the lower ring strain on the incipient metallacycle that starts to form in the transition state associated with this key step in the catalytic cycle. Indirect experimental evidence of the generation of the metallacyclic intermediates was obtained by studying the reactivity of [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PMe2OH)] (1) towards dimethylcyanamide in methanol and ethanol. The reactions afforded compounds [RuCl(η6-p-cymene)(PMe2OR)(NCNMe2)][SbF6] (R = Me (5a), Et (5b)), resulting from the alcoholysis of the metallacycle, which could be characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This journal is
- álvarez, Daniel,Cadierno, Victorio,Crochet, Pascale,González-Fernández, Rebeca,López, Ramón,Menéndez, M. Isabel
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p. 4084 - 4098
(2020/07/09)
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- An efficient one-pot synthesis of industrially valuable primary organic carbamates and: N -substituted ureas by a reusable Merrifield anchored iron(ii)-anthra catalyst [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] using urea as a sustainable carbonylation source
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An efficient synthesis of primary carbamates and N-substituted ureas is explored with a newly developed heterogeneous polymer supported iron catalyst in the presence of a sustainable carbonylation source. The Merrifield anchored iron(ii)-anthra catalyst [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] was synthesized by functionalization of Merrifield polymer followed by grafting of iron metal. The catalyst [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] was characterized by several techniques, like SEM, EDAX, TGA, PXRD, XPS, FTIR, CHN, AAS and UV-Vis analysis. The designed polymer embedded [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] complex is a remarkably successful catalyst for the synthesis of primary organic carbamates and N-substituted ureas by using safe carbonylation agent urea with different derivatives of alcohols and amines, respectively. The reported catalyst is a potential candidate towards contributing a satisfactory yield of isolated products under suitable reaction conditions. The catalyst is recyclable and almost non-leaching in nature after six runs with an insignificant drop in catalytic activity. Thus we found an economical and viable catalyst [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] for primary carbamates and N-substituted urea synthesis under moderate reaction conditions.
- Basu, Priyanka,Dey, Tusar Kanto,Ghosh, Aniruddha,Biswas, Surajit,Khan, Aslam,Islam, Sk. Manirul
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p. 2630 - 2643
(2020/02/20)
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- Development of phenylthiourea derivatives as allosteric inhibitors of pyoverdine maturation enzyme PvdP tyrosinase
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Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa become increasingly difficult to treat because these bacteria have acquired various mechanisms for antibiotic resistance, which creates the need for mechanistically novel antibiotics. Such antibiotics might be developed by targeting enzymes involved in the iron uptake mechanism because iron is essential for bacterial survival. For P. aeruginosa, pyoverdine has been described as an important virulence factor that plays a key role in iron uptake. Therefore, inhibition of enzymes involved in the pyoverdine synthesis, such as PvdP tyrosinase, can open a new window for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. Previously, we reported phenylthiourea as the first allosteric inhibitor of PvdP tyrosinase with high micromolar potency. In this report, we explored structure-activity relationships (SAR) for PvdP tyrosinase inhibition by phenylthiourea derivatives. This enables identification of a phenylthiourea derivative (3c) with a potency in the submicromolar range (IC50 = 0.57 + 0.05 μM). Binding could be rationalized by molecular docking simulation and 3c was proved to inhibit the bacterial pyoverdine production and bacterial growth in P. aeruginosa PA01 cultures.
- Dekker, Frank J.,Quax, Wim J.,Voet, Julian M.,Wibowo, Joko P.,Xiao, Zhangping
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supporting information
(2020/07/21)
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- ω-Quinazolinonylalkyl aryl ureas as reversible inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase
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The serine hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is involved in a plethora of pathological conditions, in particular pain and inflammation, various types of cancer, metabolic, neurological and cardiovascular disorders, and is therefore a promising target for drug development. Although a large number of irreversible-acting MAGL inhibitors have been discovered over the past years, there are only few compounds known so far which inhibit the enzyme in a reversible manner. Therefore, much effort is put into the development of novel chemical entities showing reversible inhibitory behavior, which is thought to cause less undesired side effects. To explore a wide range of chemical structures as MAGL binders, we have applied a virtual screening approach by docking small molecules into the crystal structure of human MAGL (hMAGL) and envisaged a library of 45 selected compounds which were then synthesized. Biochemical investigations included the determination of the inhibitory potency on hMAGL and two related hydrolases, i.e. human fatty acid amide hydrolase (hFAAH) and murine cholesterol esterase (mCEase). The most promising candidates from theses analyses, i.e. three ω-quinazolinonylalkyl aryl ureas bearing alkyl spacers of three to five methylene groups, exhibited IC50 values of 20–41 μM and reversible, detergent-insensitive behavior towards hMAGL. Among these compounds, the inhibitor 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)butyl)urea (96) was selected for further kinetic characterization, yielding a dissociation constant Ki = 15.4 μM and a mixed-type inhibition with a pronounced competitive component (α = 8.94). This mode of inhibition was further supported by a docking experiment, which suggested that the inhibitor occupies the substrate binding pocket of hMAGL.
- Dato, Florian M.,Neud?rfl, J?rg-Martin,Gütschow, Michael,Goldfuss, Bernd,Pietsch, Markus
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supporting information
(2019/11/13)
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- A Straightforward Synthesis of N-Substituted Ureas from Primary Amides
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A direct and convenient method for the preparation of N-substituted ureas is achieved by treating primary amides with phenyliodine diacetate (PIDA) in the presence of an ammonia source (NH 3 or ammonium carbamate) in MeOH. The use of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as the solvent increases the electrophilicity of the hypervalent iodine species and allows the synthesis of electron-poor carboxamides. This transformation involves a nucleophilic addition of ammonia on the isocyanate intermediate generated in situ by a Hofmann rearrangement of the starting amide.
- Franck, Xavier,Glachet, Thomas,Ibert, Quentin,Lohier, Jean-Fran?ois,Reboul, Vincent,Saraiva Rosa, Nathalie
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p. 2099 - 2105
(2020/07/13)
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- Dual palladium-photoredox catalyzed chemoselective C-H arylation of phenylureas
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A highly chemoselective C-H arylation of phenylureas has been accomplished using dual palladium-photoredox catalysis at room temperature without any additives, base or external oxidants. Regioselective C-H arylation ofN,N'-diaryl substituted unsymmetrical phenylureas has also been accomplished by a careful choice of aryl groups.
- Babu, Sakamuri Sarath,Shahid,Gopinath, Purushothaman
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supporting information
p. 5985 - 5988
(2020/06/04)
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- Phenyl-grafted carbon nitride semiconductor for photocatalytic CO2-reduction and rapid degradation of organic dyes
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Molecular engineering of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is achieved by the copolymerization of π-conjugated phenyl urea, melamine, and urea. Integration of aromatic phenyl rings into the heptazine network of g-C3N4 alters its structural, optical and electronic properties. The fusion of the polymeric g-C3N4 core with aromatic phenyl groups induces band gap tuning, which greatly improves the separation and lifetime of charge-carriers. As a result, CO2 photoreduction experiments conducted by using phenyl-grafted g-C3N4 afford methane and formic acid in high yields. Furthermore, a selective model organic pollutant rhodamine B dye is rapidly decomposed under visible-light irradiation. This work suggests that pyrolysis of a suitable aromatic π-deficient molecular dopant such as phenyl urea can drastically alter the photo-response of the carbon nitride photocatalyst and may enhance its photocatalytic activity. Hence, the present work is expected to be of significant value in sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.
- Vidyasagar, Devthade,Manwar, Nilesh,Gupta, Akanksha,Ghugal, Sachin G.,Umare, Suresh S.,Boukherroub, Rabah
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p. 822 - 832
(2019/02/14)
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- Direct conversion of carboxylic acids to various nitrogen-containing compounds in the one-pot exploiting curtius rearrangement
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Herein we report, a single-pot multistep conversion of inactivated carboxylic acids to various N-containing compounds using a common synthetic methodology. The developed methodology rendered the use of carboxylic acids as a direct surrogate of primary amines, for the synthesis of primary ureas, secondary/tertiary ureas, O/S-carbamates, benzoyl ureas, amides, and N-formyls, exploiting the Curtius reaction. This approach has a potential to provide a diversified library of N-containing compounds, starting from a single carboxylic acid, based on the selection of the nucleophile.
- Kumar, Arun,Kumar, Naveen,Sharma, Ritika,Bhargava, Gaurav,Mahajan, Dinesh
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p. 11323 - 11334
(2019/09/10)
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- Synthetic method and application of urea compound
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The invention relates to a synthetic method of a urea compound, comprising the following steps: adding substituted oxazolone and sodium acetate into a methanol solution, and adding substituted amine under the stirring condition, reacting and carrying out column chromatography to obtain the urea compound. The defect that dangerous compounds need to be used during existing synthetic process is overcome, and a one-pot method is adopted to replace an existing reaction with low yield. The method of the invention has mild reaction condition, the operation is simple, raw materials are easily available, and the substrate can be converted into various other useful molecules. The compound has strong practicality, and can be applied to synthesis of the pesticide daimuron, dieresis long and the anti-cancer drug Sorafenib. The invention relates to a green and environmentally-friendly unsymmetrical urea compound synthesis method with simple process and low cost.
- -
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Paragraph 0203-0206
(2019/06/07)
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- A green and facile approach for the synthesis of N-monosubstituted ureas in water: Pd catalyzed reaction of arylcyanamides (an unexpected behavior of electron withdrawing groups)
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The Fe3O4 magnetic nano-particles were prepared, coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), functionalized with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS), further functionalized with 2,2′-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene) dianiline (PDMD) and the corresponding Pd complex synthesized as a novel nano-magnetic heterogeneous catalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2@CPTMS@PDMD@Pd) to be used for the synthesis of various N-monosubstituted ureas in water. Also, in another attempt to see the effect of HCOOH, the hydration reaction of arylcyanamide was carried out in the presence of HCOOH (water + 98% HCOOH) which had two effects: it decreased the amount of the Pd catalyst from 40 to 30 mg, and the reaction condition was changed from the reflux condition to room temperature. Interestingly, the arylcyanamides with electron withdrawing groups influence the course of the reaction and need more reaction times for completion which is an unexpected behavior, probably due to the high electron density around the central carbon atom of the nitrile group.
- Habibi, Davood,Heydari, Somayyeh,Faraji, Alireza,Keypour, Hasan,Mahmoudabadi, Masoumeh
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p. 520 - 529
(2018/06/26)
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- Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in a Deep Eutectic Solvent: An Efficient and Recyclable Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Primary Carbamates and Monosubstituted Ureas
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Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used to synthesize various primary carbamates as well as monosubstituted and N,N-disubstituted ureas. This efficient phosgene-free process used urea as an eco-friendly carbonyl source in the presence of a biocompatible deep eutectic solvent (DES) to provide an inexpensive and attractive route that afforded the products in moderate to excellent yields. The employed DES serves both a catalytic role and as the green reaction medium. The magnetic nanocatalyst and DES can been reused several times without a significant loss of activity.
- Inaloo, Iman Dindarloo,Majnooni, Sahar,Esmaeilpour, Mohsen
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p. 3481 - 3488
(2018/07/29)
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- A practically simple, catalyst free and scalable synthesis of: N -substituted ureas in water
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A practically simple, mild and efficient method is developed for the synthesis of N-substituted ureas by nucleophilic addition of amines to potassium isocyanate in water without organic co-solvent. Using this methodology, a variety of N-substituted ureas (mono-, di- and cyclic-) were synthesized in good to excellent yields with high chemical purity by applying simple filtration or routine extraction procedures avoiding silica gel purification. The developed methodology was also found to be suitable for gram scale synthesis of molecules having commercial application in large volumes. The identified reaction conditions were found to promote a unique substrate selectivity from a mixture of two amines.
- Tiwari, Lata,Kumar, Varun,Kumar, Bhuvesh,Mahajan, Dinesh
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p. 21585 - 21595
(2018/06/26)
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- Synthesis of Secondary Amides from Thiocarbamates
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The synthesis of secondary amides from readily accessible and bench-stable substituted S-phenyl thiocarbamates and Grignard reactants is reported. Oxidative workup allows recycling of the thiolate leaving group as diphenyl disulfide. Diphenyl disulfide can be transformed into S-phenyl benzenethiosulfonate, a reactant required for thiocarbamate synthesis. This amide synthesis is suitable for the preparation of challenging amides that are not or hardly accessible via classical approaches.
- Mampuys, Pieter,Ruijter, Eelco,Orru, Romano V. A.,Maes, Bert U. W.
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supporting information
p. 4235 - 4239
(2018/07/29)
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- Efficient Direct Halogenation of Unsymmetrical N -Benzyl- and N -Phenylureas with Trihaloisocyanuric Acids
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A simple and efficient methodology for the direct halogenation of N -phenylureas was developed using trihaloisocyanuric acids in acetonitrile at room temperature. This protocol proved to be effective for the construction of N -phenylureas with different patterns of substitution. Additionally, less reactive N -benzylureas were halogenated in the presence of a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile at room temperature.
- Sanabria, Carlos M.,Costa, Bruno B. S.,Viana, Gil M.,De Aguiar, Lúcia C. S.,De Mattos, Marcio C. S.
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supporting information
p. 1359 - 1367
(2017/12/26)
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- Design and synthesis of novel N-(4-(Pyridin-2-yloxy)benzylidene)-4-[4-(substituted)phenyl]semicarbazides as potential anticonvulsant agents
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A new series of N-(4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)benzylidene)-4-[4-(substituted)phenyl]semicarbazides (PSSD1-8) were designed and synthesized keeping in view the structural requirement of pharmacophore and evaluated for their possible anticonvulsant activity. All the derivatives were synthesized by the given scheme and reaction process was monitored by thin layer chromatography. The structure of synthesized derivatives was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The anticonvulsant activity was established after intraperitoneal administration in MES and scMET seizure models. The most active compound of the series was 1-(4-(pyridin-2-yloxy)-benzylidene)-4-p-tolylsemicarbazide (PSSD5). A molecular docking study was carried out in order to assess the interaction and binding modes with target receptor/enzyme. Titled compounds were found to strongly bind to human gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR-β3). A computational study was also carried to predict the pharmacokinetic properties of the synthesized compounds.
- Singh, Prem,Tripathi, Laxmi
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p. 2193 - 2200
(2018/09/10)
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- ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPEUTICS AND PROPHYLACTICS
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The present disclosure relates generally to novel molecules, compositions, and formulations for treatment of bacterial infections in general and more specifically to bacterial infections with antibiotic resistant pathogens.
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Paragraph 00389; 00392
(2017/02/24)
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- Highly Regioselective Iodination of N-Phenylureas with Iodine/Trichloroisocyanuric Acid
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An efficient regioselective iodination of N-phenylureas was developed using iodine/trichloroisocyanuric acid in acetonitrile at room temperature. This protocol proved to be effective on a broad range of substituted N-phenylureas, forming the p-iodinated compounds in 65-96% yield under mild and neutral conditions.
- Sanabria, Carlos M.,do Casal, Mariana T.,De Souza, Raphael B. A.,De Aguiar, Lúcia C. S.,De Mattos, Marcio C. S.
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supporting information
p. 1648 - 1654
(2017/03/21)
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- Teaching Old Compounds New Tricks: DDQ-Photocatalyzed C?H Amination of Arenes with Carbamates, Urea, and N-Heterocycles
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The C?H amination of benzene derivatives was achieved using DDQ as photocatalyst and BocNH2 as the amine source under aerobic conditions and visible light irradiation. Electron-deficient and electron-rich benzenes react as substrates with moderate to good product yields. The amine scope of the reaction comprises Boc-amine, carbamates, pyrazoles, sulfonimides and urea. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicate arene oxidation by the triplet of DDQ to radical cations with different electrophilicity and a charge transfer complex between the amine and DDQ as intermediate of the reaction.
- Das, Somnath,Natarajan, Palani,K?nig, Burkhard
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supporting information
p. 18161 - 18165
(2017/12/28)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of hydantoin bridged analogues of combretastatin A-4 as potential anticancer agents
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A series of novel hydantoin-bridged analogues of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities in vitro and in vivo. The most potent compound 8d, showed potent cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 0.186–0.279 μM, and possessed the efficacy of inhibiting tubulin polymerization, disrupting in vitro vascularization, blocking cell cycle in G2/M phase and inducing cell apoptosis. In the nude mice xenograft model, 8d significantly inhibited the tumor growth and showed low toxicity. Further chiral separation proved (R)-(?)-8d to be the preferential enantiomer with IC50 values of 0.081–0.157 M. These results indicated that the hydantoin derivatives merit further investigation as potential anticancer agents that inhibit tubulin polymerization.
- Zhang, Mao,Liang, Yu-Ru,Li, Huan,Liu, Ming-Ming,Wang, Yang
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p. 6623 - 6634
(2017/11/13)
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- Selective and facile oxidative desulfurization of thioureas and thiobarbituric acids with singlet molecular oxygen generated from trans-3,5-dihydroperoxy-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolane
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An efficient and facile procedure using trans-3,5-dihydroperoxy-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolane has been developed for oxidative desulfurization of thioureas and thiobarbituric acids. The reactions proceeded smoothly very fast under mild conditions in basic media at room temperature to afford the respective ureas in excellent yields. Simple procedure and work up, mild conditions, high yields, short reaction times, use of highly potent and non-toxic oxidant are the main merits of the present method.
- Azarifar, Davood,Golbaghi, Maryam
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- Pyrimidones including six hydrogens quinoline compound and its preparation method and application
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The invention relates to a quinolines compound containing hexahydropyrimidone, which is represented by a formula I, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable configurational isomers, salts, hydrates, solvates and prodrugs thereof. According to the quinolines compound, substituent groups R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z and n have definitions given in the specification. The invention further relates to the compound of the formula I and the configurational isomers which have a very strong effect of inhibiting c-Met kinase, further relates to an application of the compounds and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates or prodrugs in preparing a medicine for treating diseases caused by hydrates high expression of the c-Met kinase, and particularly relates to an application of a medicine for preparing a medicine for treating and/or preventing cancers.
- -
-
Paragraph 0176; 0177
(2018/02/04)
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- One-Pot Synthesis of N-Monosubstituted Ureas from Nitriles via Tiemann Rearrangement
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Amidoximes, obtained from the reaction of nitriles with hydroxylamine, underwent Tiemann rearrangement in the presence of benzenesulfonyl chlorides (TsCl or o-NsCl) to form the N-substituted cyanamides. Subsequently, acidic hydrolysis of the cyanamides afforded the corresponding N-monosubstituted ureas. The synthesis of N-monosubstituted ureas from nitriles was accomplished by three steps in one pot, which provides a direct access to versatile N-monosubstituted urea derivatives from a wide variety of nitriles.
- Wang, Chien-Hong,Hsieh, Tsung-Han,Lin, Chia-Chi,Yeh, Wen-Hsiung,Lin, Chih-An,Chien, Tun-Cheng
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supporting information
p. 1823 - 1826
(2015/08/06)
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- 4-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) promoted solvent-free diversity-oriented synthesis of primary carbamates, S-thiocarbamates and ureas
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A simple and highly efficient solvent-free method for the conversion of alcohols, phenols, thiols and amines to primary carbamates, S-thiocarbamates and ureas in the presence of 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as a cheap and green Bronsted acid reagent has been described. All products were obtained in good to excellent yields and characterized using FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, MS and CHNS techniques.
- Sardarian, Ali Reza,Inaloo, Iman Dindarloo
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p. 76626 - 76641
(2015/09/22)
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- Design and biological evaluation of novel 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives bearing an imidazolone moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors
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A series of 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives containing an imidazolone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro biological activities against c-Met kinase and four cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HT-29 and MKN-45). Most compounds showed moderate to excellent activities in enzyme and cellular assays. The most promising analog, 58 (c-Met IC50 = 1.42 nM), displayed 2.1-, 8.6-fold increase against H460, and MKN-45 cell lines, respectively, compared with foretinib. An analysis of structure-activity relationships revealed that an ortho substituted phenyl ring as well as an N-unsubstituted imidazolone linker is favorable for antitumor activity.
- Liao, Weike,Hu, Gang,Guo, Zhuang,Sun, Deyu,Zhang, Lixia,Bu, Yanxin,Li, Yingxiu,Liu, Yajing,Gong, Ping
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p. 4410 - 4422
(2015/08/03)
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- Oxidation of phenylthioureas by cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate: A kinetic study
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Phenylthioureas have been subjected to oxidation in acetonitrile medium in neutral condition to investigate the oxidation behaviour of cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate on multifunctional groups. The oxidation product in each reaction is found to be the corresponding phenylurea. The rate of reaction is dependent on [CTAP], [phenylthiourea], [surfactant] and reaction temperature. A Michaelis-Menten type kinetics is observed with respect to the substrate. A reaction mechanism involving the formation of a cyclic intermediate in the slow step is proposed for the oxidation reaction.
- Sahoo, Prangya Rani,Mishra, Bijay K.
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p. 174 - 178
(2014/03/21)
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- Synthesis of N-arylureas in water and their N-arylation with aryl halides using copper nanoparticles loaded on natural Natrolite zeolite under ligand-free conditions
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A new method for the synthesis of N-arylureas and their N-arylation with aryl halides has been developed using copper nanoparticles supported on natural Natrolite zeolite as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst under ligand-free conditions.
- Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud,Enayati, Mojtaba,Khalaj, Mehdi
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p. 26264 - 26270
(2014/07/08)
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- Reaction of 5-methylene-hydantoins and their chemical modification to twin-drug type symmeteical molecules
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We report chemical modifications of 5-methylenehydantoins (3a-e) with various amine nucleophiles to 5-substitutedhydantoins and transformations the obtained hydantoins to new symmetrical twin-drug type bivalent molecules 12 and 13. We also report 5-methyl
- Fujisaki, Fumiko,Fujiwara, Ryou,Okabe, Miriko,Naito, Ayumi,Fukami, Enko,Aki, Hatsumi,Kashige, Nobuhiro,Miake, Fumio,Sumoto, Kunihiro
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p. 2745 - 2759
(2015/02/19)
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- Reaction of N-arylcarbamoyl-1,4-benzoquinone imines with sodium arenesulfinates
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N-Arylcarbamoyl-1,4-benzoquinone imines possessing at least one free ortho position with respect to the carbonyl carbon atom in the quinoid ring react with sodium arenesulfinates according to the nucleophilic 1,4-addition pattern with complete regioselect
- Konovalova,Avdeenko,Sergeeva,Menafova
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p. 1292 - 1300
(2015/01/09)
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- Ammonolysis of anilides promoted by ethylene glycol and phosphoric acid
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Ethylene glycol (EG) and phosphoric acid have been found to promote the ammonolysis of a variety of diverse anilides as well as N-aryl carbamate, phthalimide, and urea substrates in the absence of transition metals or other Lewis acid promoters.
- Stephenson, Nickeisha A.,Gellman, Samuel H.,Stahl, Shannon S.
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p. 46840 - 46843
(2014/12/10)
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- Discovery of novel 6,7-disubstituted-4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives bearing 5-(aminomethylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors
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A series of novel quinoline derivatives bearing 5-(aminomethylene) pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their c-Met kinase inhibitory activities and antiproliferative activities against 5 cancer cell lines (HT-29, H460, MKN-45, A549, and U87MG) in vitro. Most compounds showed moderate to excellent potency, with the most promising analogue 45 (c-Met half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 1.15 nM) showing high selectivity versus 5 other tyrosine kinases, VEGFR-2, Flt-3, PDGFR-β, c-Kit, and EGFR. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that electron-donating groups on the phenyl ring at the 3-position of pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione were required to increase the electron density on the 5-(aminomethylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione moiety.
- Tang, Qidong,Zhang, Guogang,Du, Xinming,Zhu, Wufu,Li, Ruijuan,Lin, Huafang,Li, Pengcheng,Cheng, Maosheng,Gong, Ping,Zhao, Yanfang
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p. 1236 - 1249
(2014/03/21)
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- Synthesis and decomposition of parabanic acid derivatives
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As a part of a research program related to the synthesis of pharmacologically and agrochemically interesting parabanic acid derivatives, we synthesized imidazolidine-2,4,5-trionylimidazolidine (6), 2-thioxoimidazolidine- 1-ylimidazolidine (7), benzo[d]-isothiazol-2-yl imidazolidine-2,4,5-thriones (8a-c), 2-thioxobenzo[d]-isothiazol-2-yl imidazolidine-4,5-dione (9a-c) and 1-benzoimidazole-3- imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones (10a-c), 1-phenylurea (11), 1-ethyl-3-[(3-ethylthioureido)methyl]urea (12) and 1-ethyl-3-[(3- methylthioureido) methyl]urea (13) were obtained in basic solution through ultrasound.
- Choi,Lee,Jung,Hahn
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p. 505 - 508
(2013/02/22)
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- Nano cerium oxide as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of N-monosubstituted ureas with the aid of acetaldoxime as an effective water surrogate
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A new method for the synthesis of N-monosubstituted ureas has been developed by the reaction of cyanamides with acetaldoxime in the presence of nano cerium oxide as an efficient and recyclable catalyst.
- Sajadi, S. Mohammad,Maham, Mehdi
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p. 623 - 625
(2013/11/06)
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- Synthesis and crystal structure of N-(3-benzylamino-2-cyano-3- methylthioacrylyl)-N′-(substituted phenyl)ureas
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Phenylurea groups were introduced into the frame of traditional cyanoacrylate and a series of N-(3-benzylamino-2-cyano-3-methylthioacrylyl)- N′-(substituted phenyl)ureas were synthesized. All compounds are new and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral analyses.
- Zhong, Shi Hua,Fan, Ming Liang,Liu, Bing Yu,Wei, Dong Mei,Liu, Jian Bing
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p. 295 - 300
(2013/07/27)
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- Carboxylic acid-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of cyanoacetylureas and their cyclization to 6-aminouracils in guanidine ionic liquid
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A novel, one-pot, carboxylic acid-catalyzed synthesis of cyanoacetylureas via in situ generated ureas and their cyclization to 6-aminouracils in the presence of the guanidine-based ionic liquid 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine lactate [TMG][Lac] is described. The ureas were synthesized from amines and potassium cyanate, which on reaction with cyanoacetic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride in the same pot afforded cyanoacetylureas, which undergo cyclization in [TMG][Lac] as solvent as well as catalyst to afford 6-aminouracils. One-pot synthesis of cyanoacetylureas, efficient and rapid cyclization, better yield, shorter reaction time, easy workup procedure, and recyclability of the ionic liquid are some advantages of this procedure.
- Chavan, Sunil S.,Shelke, Rupesh U.,Degani, Mariam S.
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p. 399 - 403
(2013/05/21)
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- Poly (ethylene glycol)-bound sulphonic acid as a novel catalyst for synthesis of benzoxazoles
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ABSTRACT Ahighly efficient, simple and rapid method for the preparation of various 2-aminobenzoxazoles and other benzoxazole derivatives using a catalytic amount of poly (ethylene glycol)-bound sulphonic acid (PEG-SO3H) is described. PEG-SO3H is found to be economical and reusable catalyst with low catalytic loading. The percentage yield was found to be satisfactory, experimental set-up and purification of final products is facile and easy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.
- Chikhale, Rupesh V.,Pant, Amit M.,Menghani, Sunil S.,Wadibhasme, Pankaj G.,Khedekar, Pramod B.
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p. 254 - 262
(2013/12/04)
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- Determination and modeling of isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for the methylcarbamate + Methyl-N-phenyl carbamate system at different pressures
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The vapor pressures of methylcarbamate (MC) and methyl n-phenyl carbamate (MPC), at different temperatures ranging from (341.45 to 418.45) K, have been measured using the quasi-static ebulliometric method. The experimental data were fitted to the Antoine
- Xu, Dehua,Li, Huiquan,Li, Zhibao
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p. 3110 - 3117
(2013/12/04)
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- Ionic liquid mediated one-pot synthesis of 6-aminouracils
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A novel, one-pot synthesis of 6-aminouracils via in situ generated ureas and cyanoacetylureas in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine acetate, is described. The catalyst can be recycled for five consecutive runs without loss of activity. The mechanism for the ring closure of cyanoacetylurea to 6-aminouracil is also discussed.
- Chavan, Sunil S.,Degani, Mariam S.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 296 - 299
(2012/03/26)
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- Continuous-flow processing of gaseous ammonia using a Teflon AF-2400 tube-in-tube reactor: Synthesis of thioureas and in-line titrations
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A simple tube-in-tube reactor based on the gas-permeable membrane Teflon AF-2400 was used in the continuous flow reaction of gaseous ammonia with isothiocyanates and one isocyanate. A colourimetric in-line titration technique is also reported as a simple method to quantify the amount of ammonia taken up by the solvent in the system. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Browne, Duncanl.,O'Brien, Matthew,Koos, Peter,Cranwell, Philippa B.,Polyzos, Anastasios,Ley, Steven V.
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scheme or table
p. 1402 - 1406
(2012/07/27)
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- Transamidation of primary amides with amines catalyzed by zirconocene dichloride
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Zirconocene dichloride (Cp2ZrCl2) has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the transamidation of primary amides with amines in cyclohexane at 80°C in 5-24 hours. For favourable substrates, the reaction can be performed at temperatures as low as 30°C.
- Atkinson, Benjamin N.,Chhatwal, A. Rosie,Lomax, Helen V.,Walton, James W.,Williams, Jonathan M. J.
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supporting information
p. 11626 - 11628,3
(2012/12/12)
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- Transamidation of primary amides with amines catalyzed by zirconocene dichloride
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Zirconocene dichloride (Cp2ZrCl2) has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the transamidation of primary amides with amines in cyclohexane at 80°C in 5-24 hours. For favourable substrates, the reaction can be performed at temperatures as low as 30°C.
- Atkinson, Benjamin N.,Chhatwal, A. Rosie,Lomax, Helen V.,Walton, James W.,Williams, Jonathan M. J.
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supporting information
p. 11626 - 11628
(2013/01/15)
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