- Enantioselective synthesis of 1-aminoindene derivativesviaasymmetric Br?nsted acid catalysis
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We describe a catalytic asymmetric iminium ion cyclization reaction of simple 2-alkenylbenzaldimines using a BINOL-derived chiralN-triflyl phosphoramide. The corresponding 1-aminoindenes and tetracyclic 1-aminoindanes are formed in good yields and high enantioselectivities. Further, the chemical utility of the obtained enantiopure 1-aminoindene is demonstrated for the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-rasagiline.
- Ding, Du,Jiang, Hua-Jie,Wang, Tao,Wu, Xiang,Zhang, Ying,Zhao, Li-Ping
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supporting information
p. 9680 - 9683
(2021/09/30)
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- KRAS G12D INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to compounds that inhibit KRas G12D. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds that inhibit the activity of KRas G12D, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of use therefor.
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Paragraph 01067
(2021/03/05)
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- Wittig Olefination Using Phosphonium Ion-Pair Reagents Incorporating an Endogenous Base
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Despite common perception, the use of strong bases in Wittig chemistry is utterly unnecessary: we report a series of novel ion-pair phosphonium carboxylate reagents which are essentially "storable ylides". These reagents are straightforwardly prepared in excellent yields, and their fluxional nature permits clean olefination of a broad range of aldehydes and even hemiacetals.
- Vetter, Anna C.,Gilheany, Declan G.,Nikitin, Kirill
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supporting information
p. 1457 - 1462
(2021/03/08)
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- Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of a Very Latent Selenium-Chelated Ruthenium Benzylidene Olefin Metathesis Catalyst
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Herein, we describe a study of the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of a cis-dichlorido seleno-chelated Hoveyda-Grubbs type complex (Ru8). Such a complex has been obtained through a straightforward and high-yielding synthetic protocol in three steps from the commercially available 2-bromobenzaldehyde in good overall yield (54%). The catalytic profile, especially the latency of this complex, has been probed through selected olefin metathesis reactions such as ring-closing metathesis (RCM), self-cross-metathesis (self-CM) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). In addition to its high latency, the selenium Hoveyda-type complex Ru8 exhibits a switchable behavior upon thermal activation. Of interest, while the corresponding sulfur-chelated Hoveyda type catalyst is reported to be only activated by heat, the selenium analogue was found to be active upon both heat and light irradiation.
- Cejas Sánchez, Joel,Grela, Karol,Kajetanowicz, Anna,Monsigny, Louis,Pi?tkowski, Jakub
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supporting information
p. 3608 - 3616
(2021/11/16)
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- Superelectrophilic Fe(III)-Ion Pairs as Stronger Lewis Acid Catalysts for (E)-Selective Intermolecular Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis
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An intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction is described that relies on superelectrophilic Fe(III)-based ion pairs as stronger Lewis acid catalysts. This new catalytic system enables selective access to (E)-olefins as carbonyl-olefin metathesis products. Mechanistic investigations suggest the regioselective formation and stereospecific fragmentation of intermediate oxetanes to be the origin of this selectivity. The optimized conditions are general for a variety of aryl aldehydes and trisubstituted olefins and are demonstrated for 28 examples in up to 64% overall yield.
- Albright, Haley,Schindler, Corinna S.,Vonesh, Hannah L.
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supporting information
p. 3155 - 3160
(2020/04/21)
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- Tandem Olefin Isomerization/Cyclization Catalyzed by Complex Nickel Hydride and Br?nsted Acid
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We disclose a nickel/Br?nsted acid-catalyzed tandem process consisting of double bond isomerization of allyl ethers and amines and subsequent intramolecular reaction with nucleophiles. The process is accomplished by [(Me3P)4NiH]N(SO2CF3)2 in the presence of triflic acid. The methodology provides rapid access to tetrahydropyran-fused indoles and other oxacyclic scaffolds under very low catalyst loadings.
- Kathe, Prasad M.,Caciuleanu, Alexandru,Berkefeld, Andreas,Fleischer, Ivana
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p. 15183 - 15196
(2020/11/30)
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- A Next-Generation Air-Stable Palladium(I) Dimer Enables Olefin Migration and Selective C?C Coupling in Air
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We report a new air-stable PdI dimer, [Pd(μ-I)(PCy2tBu)]2, which triggers E-selective olefin migration to enamides and styrene derivatives in the presence of multiple functional groups and with complete tolerance of air. The same dimer also triggers extremely rapid C?C coupling (alkylation and arylation) at room temperature in a modular and triply selective fashion of aromatic C?Br, C?OTf/OFs, and C?Cl bonds in poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes, displaying superior activity over previous PdI dimer generations for substrates that bear substituents ortho to C?OTf.
- Kundu, Gourab,Rissanen, Kari,Schoenebeck, Franziska,Sperger, Theresa
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supporting information
p. 21930 - 21934
(2020/10/02)
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- AuCl3-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Carbonyl–Olefin Metathesis
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Compared with the ripeness of olefin metathesis, exploration of the construction of carbon–carbon double bonds through the catalytic carbonyl–olefin metathesis reaction remains stagnant and has received scant attention. Herein, a highly efficient AuCl3-catalyzed intramolecular ring-closing carbonyl–olefin metathesis reaction is described. This method features easily accessible starting materials, simple operation, good functional-group tolerance and short reaction times, and provides the target cyclopentenes, polycycles, benzocarbocycles, and N-heterocycle derivatives in good to excellent yields.
- Wang, Rui,Chen, Yi,Shu, Mao,Zhao, Wenwen,Tao, Maoling,Du, Chao,Fu, Xiaoya,Li, Ao,Lin, Zhihua
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supporting information
p. 1941 - 1946
(2020/02/11)
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- Synthesis and Characterization of π-Extended Triangulene
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The electronic and magnetic properties of nanographenes strongly depend on their size, shape and topology. While many nanographenes present a closed-shell electronic structure, certain molecular topologies may lead to an open-shell structure. Triangular-s
- Mishra, Shantanu,Beyer, Doreen,Eimre, Kristjan,Liu, Junzhi,Berger, Reinhard,Gr?ning, Oliver,Pignedoli, Carlo A.,Müllen, Klaus,Fasel, Roman,Feng, Xinliang,Ruffieux, Pascal
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supporting information
p. 10621 - 10625
(2019/08/28)
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- Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomeric Quinolines through the Friedl?nder Reaction
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A phosphoric acid catalyzed atroposelective Friedl?nder reaction was developed in which acetylacetone and a variety of 2′-substituted 2-Aminobenzophenones were successfully employed to give optically active biaryl quinolines in good yields and with high enantioselectivities.
- Hu, Xingena,Jiang, Jun,Lan, Yunjun,Li, Juan,Li, Xinhua,Liu, Hongxin,Wan, Junlin,Xiao, Hong-Ping
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supporting information
p. 2198 - 2202
(2019/11/25)
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- Visible photocatalysis of novel oxime phosphonates: Synthesis of β-aminophosphonates
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A novel type of oxime phosphonate was synthesized and used in the intermolecular cascade radical addition reaction of alkenes to access β-aminophosphonates via visible-light-driven N-centered iminyl radical-mediated and redox-neutral selective C-P single-bond cleavage in an active phosphorus radical route. The procedure is characterized by its ability to achieve the construction of Csp3-P and Csp3-N bonds without the requirement for oxidants and bases.
- Li, Yong-Hong,Wang, Chun-Hai,Gao, Su-Qian,Qi, Feng-Ming,Yang, Shang-Dong
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supporting information
p. 11888 - 11891
(2019/10/11)
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- Double Functionalization of Styrenes by Cu-Mediated Assisted Tandem Catalysis
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The double functionalization of styrenes through Cu-mediated assisted tandem catalysis was developed. The reaction was initiated by Cu-catalyzed aziridination and the subsequent nucleophilic ring-opening, which was triggered by the addition of (NH4)2S2O8 as an oxidant of Cu-catalyst to form a variety of C–C and C–X bonds. The expansion to three contiguous catalytic cycles led to the synthesis of functionalized indolines by one-pot operation.
- Kawauchi, Daichi,Ueda, Hirofumi,Tokuyama, Hidetoshi
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supporting information
p. 2056 - 2060
(2019/03/13)
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- Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes for the synthesis of 2-substituted indanones
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The intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes was considered to be a challenging task due to the side reactions resulted from the lack of additional substituent at 1-position and the low activity caused by the steric hindrance of substituent at 2-position, and an asymmetric version has not been considered possible due to problems associated with the racemization of the products. We have partially solved these problems. Catalyzed by an activated diphosphine-Rh complex and reacted in a selected dihalogenated solvent, the intramolecular hydroacylation of o-(2-arylvinyl)benzaldehydes provided the corresponding 2-aryl-1-indanones in high yields, and its asymmetric variant using o-(2-alkylvinyl)benzaldehydes afforded chiral 2-alkyl-1-indanones in high yields and with moderate enantioselectivities.
- Yuan, Jing,Liu, Chong,Chen, Yan,Zhang, Zhenfeng,Yan, Deyue,Zhang, Wanbin
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p. 269 - 277
(2018/12/05)
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- Synthesis of a Helical Analogue of Kekulene: A Flexible ?€-Expanded Helicene with Large Helical Diameter Acting as a Soft Molecular Spring
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A π-expanded helicene that is the helically twisted analogue of kekulene was synthesized using a 6-fold ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) reaction as a key step. The π-expanded geometry with large helical diameter (dh = 10.2 ?), consisting o
- Nakakuki, Yusuke,Hirose, Takashi,Matsuda, Kenji
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supporting information
p. 15461 - 15469
(2018/11/23)
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- Carbonyl–Olefin Cross-Metathesis Through a Visible-Light-Induced 1,3-Diol Formation and Fragmentation Sequence
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A visible-light-mediated approach to carbonyl–olefin cross-metathesis is described. Photoinduced hole catalysis was used to promote the formation of 1,3-diols from aldehydes and styrenes, which were then readily fragmented under acidic conditions to form the cross-metathesis products. The use of 1,3-diols as intermediates, rather than the energetically more demanding oxetanes, provides a new, orthogonal mechanistic strategy for carbonyl–olefin cross-metathesis. Furthermore, this approach does not require any metals, ligands, or additives, and provides the products with high levels of E selectivity. A mechanistic rationale is provided and supported by both theoretical calculations and experiments. Additionally, a practical synthesis of a new acridinium-based photocatalyst, including full characterization, is presented.
- Pitzer, Lena,Sandfort, Frederik,Strieth-Kalthoff, Felix,Glorius, Frank
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supporting information
p. 16219 - 16223
(2018/11/23)
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- Alkene functionalization for the stereospecific synthesis of substituted aziridines by visible-light photoredox catalysis
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A novel strategy involving visible-light-induced functionalization of alkenes for the synthesis of substituted aziridines was developed. The readily prepared N-protected 1-aminopyridinium salts were used for the generation of N-centered radicals. This approach allowed the synthesis of aziridines bearing various functional groups with excellent diastereoselectivity under mild conditions. Moreover, this protocol was successfully applied to prepare structurally diverse nitrogen-containing frameworks.
- Yu, Wan-Lei,Chen, Jian-Qiang,Wei, Yun-Long,Wang, Zhu-Yin,Xu, Peng-Fei
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supporting information
p. 1948 - 1951
(2018/03/01)
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- Visible-light-mediated anti-regioselective nitrone 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and synthesis of bisindolylmethanes
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The development of photoredox reactions of 1, 3- dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones with alkenes is reported. It offers an efficient synthetic method to obtain isoxazolidine derivatives under mild conditions in synthetically useful yields. The nitrones are cyclized with oxidizable styrenes and aliphatic alkenes via a polar radical crossover cycloaddition reaction through photocatalytic reaction without additives. In addition, bis(indole)methanes can also be prepared through this method.
- Zheng, Lewei,Gao, Fei,Yang, Chao,Gao, Guo-Lin,Zhao, Yating,Gao, Yuan,Xia, Wujiong
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supporting information
p. 5086 - 5089
(2017/11/07)
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- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via Iron(III)-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are important structural motifs in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials science. The development of a new synthetic strategy toward these compounds is described based on the design principle of iron(III)-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions. This approach is characterized by its operational simplicity, high functional group compatibility, and regioselectivity while relying on FeCl3 as an environmentally benign, earth-abundant metal catalyst. Experimental evidence for oxetanes as reactive intermediates in the catalytic carbonyl-olefin ring-closing metathesis has been obtained.
- McAtee, Christopher C.,Riehl, Paul S.,Schindler, Corinna S.
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supporting information
p. 2960 - 2963
(2017/03/11)
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- Investigations on the operation of stereochemical drift in the wittig reaction by NMR and variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy of oxaphosphetane intermediates and their quench products
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Within the currently accepted mechanism of the Li-salt-free Wittig reaction, the phenomenon of stereochemical drift remains the one remaining "loose end" in an otherwise internally consistent explanation of a large body of diverse observations. The term describes the nonstereospecific decomposition of the oxaphosphetane (OPA) intermediate in reactions of certain alkylides with certain aldehydes. In this paper, it is shown that the previous examples in which drift occurs are not merely isolated aberrations from the observed norm, but rather that there is a general phenomenon in reactions of ethylides with benzaldehydes. Variable-temperature NMR (VTNMR) spectroscopy was used to establish that the amount and diastereomeric ratio of the OPA intermediates do not change below a certain temperature. At and above the temperature at which OPA decomposition to alkene and phosphine oxide begins to occur, the alkene shows a different diastereomeric ratio to the OPA, which indicates the occurrence of stereochemical drift. In one example, owing to an apparent remarkable coincidence of rates, the diastereomeric ratio of the OPA does not change above the decomposition temperature, even though stereochemical drift occurs in the formation of the alkene product. An alternative mechanism for drift involving its catalysis by aldehyde was not confirmed. Drift was also shown not to occur in similar Wittig reactions of structurally related longer-chain alkylides by stereospecific decomposition of OPA intermediates generated from β-hydroxyphosphonium salts (β-HPSs). The extremely useful (and generally applicable) NMR techniques, 1H-31P HMBC and selective 1H{31P}, which we have utilised to establish kinetic diastereomeric ratios, are described in full for the first time. Details of the determination of the relative stereochemistry of two β-HPSs (derived from acid quenching of OPAs) by X-ray crystallography are also given. Stereochemical drift, previously only identified in a handful of isolated examples, is confirmed by variable-temperature NMR (VTNMR) spectroscopy as a general phenomenon in Wittig reactions of phosphonium ethylides with aromatic aldehydes. However, reactions of structurally related longer-chain alkylides are irreversible. The NMR methods used are described in full. Copyright
- Byrne, Peter A.,Muldoon, Jimmy,Ortin, Yannick,Mueller-Bunz, Helge,Gilheany, Declan G.
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supporting information
p. 86 - 98
(2014/01/06)
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- A series of two oxidation reactions of ortho-alkenylbenzamide with hypervalent iodine(III): A concise entry into (3 R,4 R)-4-hydroxymellein and (3 R,4 R)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxymellein
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A sequence of oxidation reactions of alkenamides with hypervalent iodine is described. Oxidation of ortho-alkenylbenzamide substrates selectively gave isochroman-1-imine products. The products underwent further oxidation in the presence of a Pd salt catal
- Takesue, Takuya,Fujita, Morifumi,Sugimura, Takashi,Akutsu, Hiroki
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supporting information
p. 4634 - 4637
(2015/01/09)
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- Iridium-catalyzed borylation of secondary benzylic C-H bonds directed by a hydrosilane
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Most functionalizations of C-H bonds by main-group reagents occur at aryl or methyl groups. We describe a highly regioselective borylation of secondary benzylic C-H bonds catalyzed by an iridium precursor and 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline as the ligand. The reaction is directed to the benzylic position by a hydrosilyl substituent. This hydrosilyl directing group is readily deprotected or transformed to other functional groups after the borylation reaction, providing access to a diverse set of secondary benzylboronate esters by C-H borylation chemistry.
- Cho, Seung Hwan,Hartwig, John F.
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supporting information
p. 8157 - 8160
(2013/07/05)
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- Copper-catalyzed recycling of halogen activating groups via 1,3-halogen migration
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A Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-halogen migration reaction effectively recycles an activating group by transferring bromine or iodine from a sp2 to a benzylic carbon with concomitant borylation of the Ar-X bond. The resulting benzyl halide can be reacted in the same vessel under a variety of conditions to form an additional carbon-heteroatom bond. Cross-over experiments using an isotopically enriched bromide source support intramolecular transfer of Br. The reaction is postulated to proceed via a Markovnikov hydrocupration of the o-halostyrene, oxidative addition of the resulting Cu(I) complex into the Ar-X bond, reductive elimination of the new sp3 C-X bond, and final borylation of an Ar-Cu(I) species to turn over the catalytic cycle.
- Grigg, R. David,Van Hoveln, Ryan,Schomaker, Jennifer M.
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supporting information
p. 16131 - 16134,4
(2020/09/09)
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- A new family of halogen-chelated hoveyda-grubbs-type metathesis catalysts
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Coordination, not insertion: New ruthenium benzylidenes with a chelating halogen atom were easily prepared and showed excellent stability and activity as metathesis catalysts (see figure). Structure-activity studies reveal that strength of the ruthenium-halogen interaction can be tuned across a wide range to set up a family of latent to active catalysts. Copyright
- Barbasiewicz, Michal,Michalak, Michal,Grela, Karol
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supporting information
p. 14237 - 14241,5
(2020/09/16)
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- Photochemical studies on aromatic γ,δ-epoxy ketones: Efficient synthesis of benzocyclobutanones and indanones
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Irradiation of terminal aromatic γ,δ-epoxy ketones with a 450 W UV lamp led to Norrish type II cyclization/semi-pinacol rearrangement cascade reaction which formed the benzocyclobutanones containing a full-carbon quaternary center, whereas irradiation of substituted aromatic γ,δ-epoxy ketones led to the indanones through a photochemical epoxy rearrangement and 1,5-biradicals cyclization tandem reaction.
- Shao, Yutian,Yang, Chao,Gui, Weijun,Liu, Yang,Xia, Wujiong
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3560 - 3562
(2012/06/04)
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- Unequivocal experimental evidence for a unified lithium salt-free wittig reaction mechanism for all phosphonium ylide types: Reactions with β-heteroatom-substituted aldehydes are consistently selective for cis-oxaphosphetane-derived products
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The true course of the lithium salt-free Wittig reaction has long been a contentious issue in organic chemistry. Herein we report an experimental effect that is common to the Wittig reactions of all of the three major phosphonium ylide classes (non-stabilized, semi-stabilized, and stabilized): there is consistently increased selectivity for cis-oxaphosphetane and its derived products (Z-alkene and erythro-β-hydroxyphosphonium salt) in reactions involving aldehydes bearing heteroatom substituents in the β-position. The effect operates with both benzaldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes and is shown not to operate in the absence of the heteroatom substituent on the aldehyde. The discovery of an effect that is common to reactions of all ylide types strongly argues for the operation of a common mechanism in all Li salt-free Wittig reactions. In addition, the results are shown to be most easily explained by the [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism proposed by Vedejs and co-workers as supplemented by Aggarwal, Harvey, and co-workers, thus providing strong confirmatory evidence in support of that mechanism. Notably, a cooperative effect of ortho-substituents in the case of semi-stabilized ylides is confirmed and is accommodated by the cycloaddition mechanism. The effect is also shown to operate in reactions of triphenylphosphine-derived ylides and has previously been observed for reactions under aqueous conditions, thus for the first time providing evidence that kinetic control is in operation in both of these cases.
- Byrne, Peter A.,Gilheany, Declan G.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 9225 - 9239
(2012/07/14)
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- Alkenyl substituted bicyclic nucleoside analogues retain nanomolar potency against Varicella Zoster Virus
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Novel alkenyl substituted aryl bicyclic furano pyrimidines have been prepared and evaluated in vitro against Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). The para-substituted analogues retain the nanomolar potency we have reported for p-alkyl analogues, while the ortho-
- McGuigan, Christopher,Bidet, Olivier,Derudas, Marco,Andrei, Graciela,Snoeck, Robert,Balzarini, Jan
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body text
p. 3025 - 3027
(2009/09/30)
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- 2-piperidone compounds
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The present invention provides 2-piperidone compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have a potent activity of inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells and thus are useful as medicaments, as well as antitumor agents containing thes
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- Oxygenated phenanthrenes via quinol ketals: Cyclization vs. migration
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2-methoxyphenanthrenes were prepared by reaction of lithiated 2-bromostyrenes with quinone monoketals followed by acid-mediated cyclization of the resulting p-arylquinol ketals. Substitution at the bromostyrene side-chain or the quinone monoketal ring had only a modest effect on yields, but oxygen substitution on the bromostyrene aromatic nucleus resulted in a competing 1,2-aryl migration arising during the quinol ketal cyclization step. The extent of this rearrangement was found to be a function of the Lewis acid/solvent system employed.
- Morrow, Gary W.,Marks, Tina M.,Sear, Debra L.
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p. 10115 - 10124
(2007/10/02)
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- Studies Dealing with the Intramolecular Ene Reaction of Cyclopropene Derivatives
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The thermal and triplet-sensitized behavior of a series of 3-(o-alkenylphenyl)-substituted cyclopropenes has been studied.The results obtained indicate that the course of the thermolysis depends on the substituent groups present on the double bond.Thermolysis of the trans-substituted 3-(o-1-propenylphenyl)cyclopropene gives rise to a 2 + 2 cycloadduct.In marked contrast, heating a sample of the cis isomer results in a concerted ene reaction.The geometry for this type of reaction is easily achieved with the Z isomer.The triplet-sensitized reaction of these systems produced a 3:1 mixture of the 2 + 2 cycloadduct as well as the ene product.A related ene reaction was also observed with the 3-(o-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-phenyl)-substituted cyclopropene.The primary deuterium isotope was determined (kH/kD = 3.5) and was found to be consistent with a concerted transition state where the hydrogen transfer is nonlinear.No significant isotope effect was encountered in the sensitized irradiation.The regiospecificity associated with the thermal and triplet-sensitized ene reaction of an unsymmetrically substituted cyclopropene was also studied.The regiochemistry encountered in the sensitized irradiation is attributed to ?-? bridging to give the most stable diradical intermediate.Frontier MO theory provides a nice rationalization for the regiochemistry in the thermal reaction.
- Padwa, Albert,Rieker, William F.,Rosenthal, Robert J.
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p. 1710 - 1717
(2007/10/02)
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- 1,7-Electrocyclisation and Carbene Reactions of o-Alkenylaryldiazoalkanes: The Effect of Alkene Configuration on the Mode of Reaction
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The 1,7-8?-electron electrocyclisation of o-alkenylaryldiazoalkanes (1) to give 1H-2,3-benzodiazepines (3) takes place readily for substrates with a cis-hydrogen atom at the cyclisation site, but is blocked by phenyl or methyl groups at that position.Such
- Munro, David P.,Sharp, John T.
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p. 849 - 858
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis and Solvolysis of (Z)/(E)-1-Methyl-2-vinyl Triflate and 1-Methylene-2-ethyl Triflate
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The synthesis and solvolysis of the triflates (Z)/(E)-8 and 20 in various solvents are described.The (E)-triflate 8 reacts in trifluoroethanol by rearrangement via the intermediate naphthyl cation 9 to give the naphthyl ether 22 and the naphthyl triflate
- Bleckmann, Wolfgang,Hanack, Michael
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p. 3021 - 3033
(2007/10/02)
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- Iminyls. Part 9. Intramolecular Addition of an Iminyl to an Alkene
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Phenyl o-styrylphenyl iminyl, generated by oxidation of the corresponding O-carboxymethyloxime with persulphate and by thermolysis of the perester of that acid, cyclises to give a mixture of isoquinoline and 1H-isoindole derivatives.The intermediate radicals have been investigated by e.s.r.
- Atmaram, Shiravante,Forrester, Alexander R.,Gill, Melvin,Thomson, Ronald H.
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p. 1721 - 1724
(2007/10/02)
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