- Tetrabutylphosphonium 4-ethoxyvalerate as a biomass-originated media for homogeneous palladium-catalyzed Hiyama coupling reactions
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The introduction of a biomass-derived ionic liquid into the Hiyama coupling reactions, which has been considered as a powerful tool for the synthesis of symmetrically and non-symmetrically substituted biaryl structures, could further control or even reduce the environmental impact of this transformation. It was shown that tetrabutylphosphonium 4-ethoxyvalerate, a γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquid, can be utilized as an alternative solvent to create carbon–carbon bonds between aryl iodides and functionalized organosilanes in the presence of 1?molpercent Pd under typical Hiyama conditions (130?°C, 24?h, tetrabutylammonium fluoride activator). A comparison of different ionic liquids was performed, and the effects of the catalyst precursor and the moisture content of the reaction mixture on the activity of the catalyst system were investigated. The functional group tolerance was also studied, resulting in 15 cross-coupling products (3a–o) with isolated yields of 45–72percent and excellent purity (' 98percent).
- Orha, László,Papp, ábrahám,Tukacs, József M.,Kollár, László,Mika, László T.
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p. 4593 - 4598
(2020/07/28)
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- Ir-Catalyzed Intramolecular Transannulation/C(sp2)-H Amination of 1,2,3,4-Tetrazoles by Electrocyclization
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An efficient strategy for the intramolecular denitrogenative transannulation/C(sp2)-H amination of 1,2,3,4-tetrazoles bearing C8-substituted arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes is described. The process involves the generation of the metal-nitrene intermediate from tetrazole by the combination of [CpIrCl2]2 and AgSbF6. It has been shown that the reaction proceeds via an unprecedented electrocyclization process. The method has been successfully applied for the synthesis of a diverse array of α-carbolines and 7-azaindoles.
- Das, Sandip Kumar,Roy, Satyajit,Khatua, Hillol,Chattopadhyay, Buddhadeb
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p. 8429 - 8433
(2018/07/09)
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- METHODS FOR EXTERNAL BASE-FREE SUZUKI COUPLINGS
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The present disclosure describes a method of coupling a first aromatic compound to a second aromatic compound, the method comprising: (a) preparing a reaction mixture comprising the first aromatic compound, the second aromatic compound, a catalyst and water; the reaction mixture does not contain an external base, the reaction mixture having an initial pH of from 11 to 1; the catalyst having at least one group 10 atom; the first aromatic compound having a halogen, triflate or sulfonate substituent; the second aromatic compound having a boron-containing substituent; wherein, at least one of the first aromatic compound or the second aromatic compound includes one or more heteroatom; and (b) reacting the first aromatic compound and the second aromatic compound in the reaction mixture, the reaction mixture having a final pH following reaction of the first aromatic compound and the second aromatic compound.
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Paragraph 0040-0041
(2017/07/14)
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- Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl halides containing basic nitrogen centers with arylboronic acids in water in the absence of added base
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The Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions of a series of aryl chlorides and aryl bromides containing basic nitrogen centers with arylboronic acids in water in the absence of added base are reported. The reactions proceed either partially or entirely under acidic conditions. After surveying twenty-two phosphorus ligands, high yields of products were obtained with aryl chlorides only when a bulky ligand, 2-(di-tert-butyl-phosphino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole (cataCXiumPtB) was used. In contrast, aryl bromides produced high yields of products in the absence of both added base and added ligand. In order to explore the Suzuki coupling process entirely under acidic conditions, a series of reactions were conducted in buffered acidic media using several model substrates. 4-Chlorobenzylamine, in the presence of cataCXiumPtB, produced high yields of product at buffered pH 6.0; the yields dropped off precipitously at buffered pH 5.0 and lower. The fall-off in yield was attributed to the decomposition of the Pd-ligand complex due to the protonation of the ligand in the more acidic aqueous media. In contrast, in the absence of an added ligand, 4-amino-2-chloropyridine produced quantitative yields at buffered pH 3.5 and 4.5 while 4-amino-2-bromopyridine produced quantitative yields in a series of buffered media ranging from pH 4.5 to 1.5. These substrates are only partially protonated in acidic media and can behave as active Pd ligands in the Suzuki catalytic cycle.
- Li, Zhao,Gelbaum, Carol,Campbell, Zachary S.,Gould, Paul C.,Fisk, Jason S.,Holden, Bruce,Jaganathan, Arvind,Whiteker, Gregory T.,Pollet, Pamela,Liotta, Charles L.
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supporting information
p. 15420 - 15432
(2017/12/15)
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- Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones: Discovery of dicloromezotiaz as a lepidoptera insecticide acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors1,2
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A novel class of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones has been discovered with exceptional insecticidal activity controlling a number of insect species. In this communication, we report the part of the optimization program that led to the identification o
- Zhang, Wenming,Holyoke, Caleb W.,Barry, James,Cordova, Daniel,Leighty, Robert M.,Tong, My-Hanh T.,Hughes, Kenneth A.,Lahm, George P.,Pahutski, Thomas F.,Xu, Ming,Briddell, Twyla A.,McCann, Stephen F.,Henry, Yewande T.,Chen, Yuzhong
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p. 911 - 917
(2017/02/10)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of the anticoccidial activity of trifluoropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one derivatives
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Screening of our chemical library to discover new molecules exhibiting in vitro activity against the invasion of host cells by Eimeria tenella revealed a lead compound with an IC50 of 15 μM. Structure-activity relationship studies were conducted with 34 newly synthesized compounds to identify more active molecules and enhance in vitro activity against the parasite. Four compounds were more effective in inhibiting MDBK cell invasion in vitro than the lead compound.
- Silpa, Laurence,Niepceron, Alisson,Laurent, Fabrice,Brossier, Fabien,Pénichon, Mélanie,Enguehard-Gueiffier, Cécile,Abarbri, Mohamed,Silvestre, Anne,Petrignet, Julien
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supporting information
p. 114 - 120
(2015/12/18)
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- Aqueous Suzuki Coupling Reactions of Basic Nitrogen-Containing Substrates in the Absence of Added Base and Ligand: Observation of High Yields under Acidic Conditions
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A series of aqueous heterogeneous Suzuki coupling reactions of substrates containing basic nitrogen centers with phenylboronic acid in the absence of added base and ligand is presented. High yields of products were obtained by employing aryl bromides containing aliphatic 1°, 2°, and 3° amine substituents, and good to high yields were obtained by employing a variety of substituted bromopyridines. In the former series, the pH of the aqueous phase changed from basic to acidic during the course of the reaction, while in the latter series the aqueous phase was on the acidic side of the pH scale throughout the entire course of reaction. A mechanistic interpretation for these observations, which generally preserves the oxo palladium catalytic cycle widely accepted in the literature, is presented.
- Li, Zhao,Gelbaum, Carol,Fisk, Jason S.,Holden, Bruce,Jaganathan, Arvind,Whiteker, Gregory T.,Pollet, Pamela,Liotta, Charles L.
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p. 8520 - 8529
(2016/09/28)
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- TrkA KINASE INHIBITORS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS THEREOF
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The present invention is directed to bicyclic heteroaryl benzamide compounds of formulas (I) which are tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family protein kinase inhibitors, and hence are useful in the treatment of pain, inflammation, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, thrombosis, a disease, disorder, injury, or malfunction relating to dysmyelination or demyelination or a disease or disorder associated with abnormal activities of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor TrkA.
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Page/Page column 58; 59
(2016/10/31)
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- TRKA KINASE INHIBITORS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS THEREOF
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The present invention is directed to six membered heteroaryl benzamide compounds of formula (I), which are tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family protein kinase inhibitors, and hence are useful in the treatment of pain, inflammation, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, thrombosis, a disease, disorder, injury, or malfunction relating to dysmyelination or demyelination or a disease or disorder associated with abnormal activities of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor TrkA.
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Page/Page column 60
(2015/12/30)
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- Synthesis of C8-N9 annulated purines by iron-catalyzed C-H amination
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Purine and simple: A short synthesis for substituted annulated purine derivatives based on an Fe-catalyzed direct amination reaction using oxygen as oxidant was developed (see scheme). Interestingly, iron proved to be superior to copper catalysis. Copyright
- Maes, Jens,Rauws, Tom R. M.,Maes, Bert U. W.
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supporting information
p. 9137 - 9141
(2013/07/26)
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- MESOIONIC PESTICIDES
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Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein (Formula 1) X is O or S; Y is O or S; A is O, S, NR3e or C(R3c)=C(R3d); Z is a direct bond, O, S(O)n,191, NR6, C(R7/sup
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Page/Page column 116
(2011/02/24)
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- REACTIONS OF β-BROMO-N-HETEROAROMATICS WITH PHENYLACETONITRILE
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The reaction of 3-bromopyridine with phenylacetonitrile in the presence of NaH in THF gave a simple substitution product, α-phenyl-3-pyridineacetonitrile, whereas the reaction of 5-bromopyrimidine with phenylacetonitrile under similar conditions gave a ring-transformation product, 2-amino-5-bromo-3-phenylpyridine. 3-Bromoquinoline and 4-bromoisoquinoline underwent the former type reaction, while 3-bromo- and 3-chloroisoquinolines were converted into 2-amino-3-phenyl-1-naphthalenecarbonitrile according to the latter type reaction.
- Ohba, Setsuya,Sakamoto, Takao,Yamanaka, Hiroshi
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p. 1301 - 1308
(2007/10/02)
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- Chichibabin reaction
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In a Chichibabin amination of a pyridine base by sodamide in an organic solvent, the improvement comprising conducting the reaction under pressure of at least about 50 psi in the gas phase above the reaction mixture and adding ammonia to the mixture sufficient to produce a partial pressure of ammonia of at least about 5 psi in the gas phase. Preferred temperature and pressure ranges are disclosed, as are catalysts and other preferred steps for practicing the reaction. Significant results are obtained including improved and changed yields from those classically expected in Chichibabin aminations, including new compositions of matter in at least one case.
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