Proton transfer events often occur in the excited electronic state of a molecule. When a molecule absorbs energy (e.g., through the absorption of photons), electrons move to higher energy levels, creating excited states. In the case of 3-formyl-7-azaindole, the nπ* state is particularly relevant. The nπ* state refers to the excitation of an electron from a non-bonding (n) orbital to an antibonding (π*) orbital.
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