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Effects of capreomycin disulfate and oxamycin on ruminal pH, lactate and volatile fatty acid concentrations in sheep experiencing induced acidosis

Effects of capreomycin disulfate and oxamycin on ruminal pH, lactate and volatile fatty acid concentrations in sheep experiencing induced acidosis. Beede, David K.; Farlin, Stanley D. (Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr., USA). J. Anim. Sci., 45(2), 393-401 (English) 1977. CODEN: JANSAG. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacodynamics) Administration of capreomycin disulfate [1405-36-3] to sheep undergoing exptl. acidosis (by engorgement with 34.5 g ground wheat/kg) raised the rumen pH, decreased the formation of lactate [50-21-5], and had little effect on the compn. or prodn. of the total volatile fatty acids. Oxamycin (I) [68-41-7] also increased rumen pH, decreased lactate formation, and had little effect on total volatile fatty acid prodn., but it did alter the molar proportions of the fatty acids. Capreomycin disulfate lowered the rumen lactate levels when administered at a low dose (77 mg antibiotic/kg of wheat) but not at a 10-fold high dose. I was effective at either concn. for 6 h, but lactate concn. increased sharply after this time with the higher dose of I.

Mutation of tlyA confers capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mutation of tlyA confers capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Maus, Courtney E.; Plikaytis, Bonnie B.; Shinnick, Thomas M. ( Program in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Division of TB Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD, Emory University, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49(2), 571-577 (English) 2005 American Society for Microbiology. CODEN: AMACCQ. ISSN: 0066-4804. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 10 (Microbial, Algal, and Fungal Biochemistry) Capreomycin, an important drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, is a macrocyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Saccharothrix mutabolis subspecies capreolus. The basis of resistance to this drug was investigated by isolating and characterizing capreomycin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Colonies resistant to capreomycin were recovered from a library of transposon-mutagenized M. smegmatis. The transposon insertion site of one mutant was mapped to an open reading frame in the unfinished M. smegmatis genome corresponding to the tlyA gene (Rv1694) in the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome. In M. smegmatis spontaneous capreomycin-resistant mutants, the tlyA gene was disrupted by one of three different naturally occurring insertion elements. Genomic DNAs from pools of transposon mutants of M. tuberculosis H37Rv were screened by PCR by using primers to the tlyA gene and the transposon to detect mutants with an insertion in the tlyA gene. One capreomycin-resistant mutant was recovered that contained the transposon inserted at base 644 of the tlyA gene. Complementation with the wild-type tlyA gene restored susceptibility to capreomycin in the M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis tlyA transposon mutants. Mutations were found in the tlyA genes of 28 spontaneous capreomycin-resistant mutants generated from three different M. tuberculosis strains and in the tlyA genes of capreomycin-resistant clin. isolates. In in vitro transcription-translation assays, ribosomes from tlyA mutant but not tlyA+ strains resist capreomycin inhibition of transcription-translation. Therefore, TlyA appears to affect the ribosome, and mutation of tlyA confers capreomycin resistance.