Reference

Differential sensitivity of integrity criteria as indicators of cadmium-induced cell damage

Differential sensitivity of integrity criteria as indicators of cadmium-induced cell damage. Mueller, Ludwig (Inst. Toxicol., Univ. Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf D-4000/1, Fed. Rep. Ger.). Toxicol. Lett., 21(1), 21-7 (English) 1984. CODEN: TOLED5. 9001-60-9 and 82-76-8 which are cas registry numbers are also used here. ISSN: 0378-4274. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) The reliability of the stainability by Trypan Blue (TB) [72-57-1] to detect membrane damage in hepatocyte suspensions of different TB stainability and in freshly isolated cells exposed to 50 mM Cd for 60 min was assessed by comparison with the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [9001-60-9] and NADH [58-68-4] oxidn. The cellular nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) [330-13-2] uptake and the digitonin-induced fluorescence of 8-anilinophthalene-1-sulfonate [82-76-8] (dig-ANS-F) were introduced as integrity parameters of hepatocytes and compared with TB stainability. Cd was without effect on all these parameters. LDH leakage was a poor criterion, whereas NADH oxidn. and dig-ANS-F were as sensitive as TB stainability. The NPP uptake was more sensitive than TB stainability to indicate toxic Cd effects when the plasma membrane still seemed to be intact. Because of the enhanced extracellular NPP degrdn., which resulted from the release of alk. phosphatase, NPP uptake was useful as a measure of Cd-induced damage only under certain conditions. Thus, TB stainability is a simple and reliable criterion for plasma membrane integrity and therefore viability of hepatocytes. .

Trypan blue accumulation in the embryonic gut of rats and mice during the teratogenic phase

Trypan blue accumulation in the embryonic gut of rats and mice during the teratogenic phase. Dencker, Lennart (Biomed. Cent., Univ. Uppsala, Uppsala, Swed.). Teratology, 15(2), 179-84 (English) 1977. CODEN: TJADAB. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Four to 48 h after i.v. and s.c. administration of teratogenic doses of trypan blue (I) [72-57-1] to rats and mice the uterus was removed and rapidly frozen, after having been placed in a horizontal plane, and frozen sections were attached to tape and dried at a low temp. By this procedure embryos and placental structures were present in the same sections and loss or redistribution of the dye was minimized. The dye was found in the yolk-sac cavity and to be accumulated in the visceral (proximal) endoderm. It was also accumulated in the embryonic endoderm of I up to the time of closure of the vitelline duct, which occurs at 11 days postconception in rats and 9.5 days in mice. None was found when injection was made after this closure. No dye was detected in the ecto- and mesodermal layers. The period of embryonic uptake of I largely corresponds with the period of teratogenic sensitivity in these species as reported by others.