Reference

Comparative study of resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in four strains of the Culex pipiens L

Comparative study of resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in four strains of the Culex pipiens L. complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Tang, Z. H.; Wood, R. J. (Dep. Zool., Univ.Some commonly used reagents like 115-86-6 and 51-03-6 are used in this experiment. Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK). Bull. Entomol. Res., 76(3), 505-11 (English) 1986. CODEN: BEREA2. ISSN: 0007-4853. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 5 (Agrochemical Bioregulators) Five strains of C. pipiens (4 resistant and 1-susceptible) were compared at the fourth larval instar for tolerance to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides, with and without the addn. of 3 synergists (piperonyl butoxide [51-03-6], triphenyl phosphate (TPP) [115-86-6] and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (TBPT) [78-48-8]. The DAR/D strain from Tanzania showed the highest levels and broadest range of resistance (temephos [3383-96-8] 37-, malathion [121-75-5] 579-, propoxur [114-26-1] 3032-, and permethrin [52645-53-1] 100-fold). A strain from Rangoon and 2 from France (S54, BLEUET) showed lower resistance, restricted to organophosphates. Temephos and malathion resistance in the RANGOON strain was strongly inhibited by TBPT but not by TPP or piperonyl butoxide. Temephos and permethrin resistance in the DAR/D strain was slightly inhibited by TBPT and permethrin resistance by piperonyl butoxide. The DAR/D, RANGOON and CfCA (susceptible) strains were also compared for general esterase [9013-79-0] activity and acid phosphatase [9001-77-8] activity, both of which were higher in the resistant strains. Thus, the resistance in RANGOON is assocd. with high prodn. of an esterase sensitive to inhibition by TBPT but with little or no sensitivity to TPP, resembling but not identical in properties with the enzyme in strain S54. Resistance in DAR/D was also assocd. with some increase in esterase activity, but the basis of resistance was different from that in S54 and RANGOON, having a much lower sensitivity to inhibition by TBPT. .

Evaluation of glyphosate as a harvest-aid chemical on cotton

Evaluation of glyphosate as a harvest-aid chemical on cotton. Cathey, George W.; Barry, Harrison R. (Cotton Physiol. Lab., ARS, Stoneville, Miss., USA). Agron. J., 69(1), 11-14 (English) 1977. CODEN: AGJOAT. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 5 (Agrochemicals) Regrowth is sometimes a problem after defoliaion of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] [1071-83-6], a systemic herbicide, was suggested as regrowth suppressant. Glyphosate rates of 1.12 to 4.48 kg/ha were used in greenhouse studies to measure effects on leaf abscission and regrowth inhibition. Treatments of DEF (S,S,S,-tributylphosphorotrithioate) [78-48-8] at 1.26 kg/ha mixed with glyphosate at either 0, 1.12, 2.24, or 3.36 kg/ were used in field expt. to det. effects of these treatments on defoliation, regrowth, yield, and various boll, seed, and fiber properties. Bolls that dehisced 0 to 25 days after treatment were used for boll, seed, and fiber property measurements. Glyphosate suppressed regrowth development when used either alone or in combination with DEF, and enhanced defoliation when the 2 chems. were applied as a mixt. Seed cotton yield and most boll components were not affected by glyphosate treatments. Seed index was reduced by glyphosate treatments of 3.36 kg/ha, and a significant interaction between glyphosate rates and boll development was indicated for seed vigor. Glyphosate can be an effective harvest-aid on cotton when used in combinations with the defoliant chem. DEF.