Controlled microwave-assisted synthesis of metallophthalocyanines

Seyyedhamzeh, Mozhdeh,Ganji, Nasim,Shaabani, Ahmad

, p. 1110 - 1113 (2012)

A controlled microwave-assisted strategy has been elaborated for the fast and efficient synthesis of metallophthalocyanines scaffold. Compared to the conventional protocol, reproducibility of products was achieved, accompanied by significantly high purity and excellent yields

SYNTHESIS OF METALLOPHTHALOCYANINES FROM PHTALONITRILE WITH STRONG ORGANIC BASES

Tomoda, Haruhiko,Saito, Shojiro,Shiraishi, Shinsaku

, p. 313 - 316 (1983)

Several metallophthalocyanines (MPc: M=Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Fe(II), Sn(II), Cd(II), Mg(II), and Mn(III)) were obtained by heating phthalonitrile with metal salts in alcohols in the presence of 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene.Metal acetylacet

One-step photocatalytic benzene hydroxylation over iron (II) phthalocyanine: A new application for an old catalyst

Asghari, Saeid,Farahmand, Shohreh,Razavizadeh, Jalal. S.,Ghiaci, Mehran

, (2020)

In the present study, iron (II) phthalocyanine was introduced as an effective and recyclable photocatalyst for direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol as a model reaction under photocatalytic conditions at ambient temperature. The effect of different parameters such as solvent, concentration of the oxidant, irradiation time, and amount of the catalyst was investigated. Acetonitrile was selected as the optimum solvent, where hydrogen peroxide plays the role of the oxidant which is considered as an eco-friendly process. The results not only showed a 15.2 % yield of phenol at a selectivity of higher than 99 % under optimized condition but also exhibited a highly stable and reusable behavior. The catalyst was thoroughly characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmittance electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Density-Functional Tight-Binding (DFTB+) calculation was used to study the catalyst transition energy on the Materials Studio software.

Bio-inspired iron/sulfur/graphene nanocomposite and its use in the catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction at room temperature in alkaline media on a glassy carbon electrode

Seyyedi, Behnam,Ahmadi Variani, Bahar,Habibi, Esmaeil

, p. 515 - 521 (2019)

This work demonstrates the performance of a bio-inspired iron/sulfur/graphene nanocomposite as a non-platinum electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an alkaline medium. The catalyst shows the most positive ORR onset potential (1.1 V vs. RHE) according to its unique structure in the alkaline medium (KOH solution, pH = 13) at low temperature (T = 298 K). The catalyst is evaluated by the rotating-disk electrode (RDE) method under various rotating speeds (0–2,000 rpm) in the potential range ?0.02–1.18 V vs. a rechargeable hydrogen electrode (RHE). The number of transferred electrons, as one of the most important parameters, is almost constant over a wide range of potentials (0.1–0.8 V), which indicates a more efficient four-electron pathway from O2 to H2O on the FePc-S-Gr surface. The mean size of catalyst centers are in the nanoscale (1/2 of FePc-S-Gr displays a negative shift of only 7.1 mV after 10,000 cycles.

Silver, Jack,Jassim, Qasim A. A.

, p. 281 - 288 (1988)

Systematic study of transition-metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) phthalocyanines as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and their evaluation by DFT

Zhang, Zhengping,Yang, Shaoxuan,Dou, Meiling,Liu, Haijing,Gu, Lin,Wang, Feng

, p. 67049 - 67056 (2016)

In this work, a facile approach is reported to prepare a series of transition-metal phthalocyanines (TMPc) supported on graphitized carbon black (TMPc/GCB, TM: Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts, via π-π interaction self-assembly. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy, it was found that TMPc was coated on graphitized carbon black with non-aggregated morphology. The catalytic activity, both in terms of the onset potential (0.98 V to 0.76 V) and half-wave potential (0.90 V to 0.55 V) follows the trend of FePc/GCB > CoPc/GCB > CuPc/GCB > NiPc/GCB. However, the catalytic durability follows the decreasing order of NiPc/GCB > CoPc/GCB > FePc/GCB > CuPc/GCB. To better elucidate the ORR catalytic mechanism for TMPc/GCB, we employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations and drew the following conclusions: (i) the -O2 adsorption is the major step to determine the ORR catalytic activity; (ii) the way O2 is adsorbed on TMPc is the key point affecting the Tafel slope; (iii) the -H2O2 desorption determines the transfer electron number; and (iv) the -OH desorption and the central metal atom removal leads to the damage affecting catalytic durability.

Improved performance of organic light-emitting diodes using a metal-phthalocyanine hole-injection layer

Kao, Po-Ching,Chu, Sheng-Yuan,Liu, Shyh-Jiun,You, Zong-Xian,Chuang, Chan-An

, p. H122-H126 (2006)

In this paper, we systematically investigated the physical characteristics of the various metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) and the influence of the MPcs hole-injection layer on the electroluminescence performance of indium tin oxide/MPc/naphthylphenylbiphenyl diamine (NPB)/ Al q3 LiFAl devices. The characteristics were measured at room temperature with a thickness variation of the MPc layer. The individual highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) energies of MPcs were derived from the photoelectron emission and the optical absorption measurements. The results showed that the HOMO and LUMO level energies of MPcs are dependent on their central metal atoms. The turn-on voltage for the devices is lowered by inserting MPc layers and remains virtually the same as the MPc layer thickness is adjusted in the range of 5-15 nm. In addition, the turn-on voltage decreases significantly with the increase of the HOMO levels of the MPc films, demonstrating that the MPc/NPB interface instead of the ITO/MPc interface plays an important role in the hole injection.

Cobalt(II), copper(II), and iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanines covalently supported on wool: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity

Shaabani, Ahmad,Hezarkhani, Zeinab

, p. 677 - 688 (2016)

Functionalized wool with cobalt(II), copper(II), and iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (CoTSPc@wool, CuTSPc@wool, and FeTSPc@wool) have been synthesized and their structures characterized by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), FT-IR, UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts was investigated for the aerobic oxidation of alkyl arenes and alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds in the absence of any co-promoter and additional oxidizing reagent. We found the best catalyst for the mentioned reactions is the CoTSPc@wool from the solvent, conversion, temperature, and reaction time point of views. The synthesized catalysts can be readily recycled and reused for several runs without significant loss of efficiency.

UEBER DIE NATUR DER UEBERGANGSMETALL-KOHLENSTOFF-?-BINDUNG. X. UEBER DIE DARSTELLUNG, CHARAKTERISIERUNG UND THERMISCHE ZERSETZUNG VON BIS(η5-CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TITAN-BIS(THIOANISOLYL) UND NATRIUM-THIOANISOLYLPHTHALOCYANINATO-FERRAT(II)*4THF

Steinborn, Dirk,Taube, Rudolf

, p. 395 - 402 (1985)

Cp2TiCl2 (Cp = η5-C5H5; H2Pc = phthalocyanine) reacts with 1.9 equivalents of PhSCH2Li to give Cp2Ti(CH2SPh)2 (I), the structure of which follows from the results of elemental analysis, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic investigations and proptolysis to form PhSCH3.I decomposes in toluene at 100 degC, with the methylene group being liberated to form 2 (II) (ca. 31percent) and Cp2Ti(SPh)2 (III) (ca. 16percent).Na*4THF (IV) (μeff. 0.12 BM) has been obtained as green-black, air-sensitive crystals in an oxidative addition reaction from PhSCH2Cl and iron(0) phthalocyanine.In boiling THF the organyl group is gradually split off without formation of a considerable amount of the corresponding thiophenolato complex.The results are in agreement with the assumption that the formation of an η2-thioanisolyl structure as an unstable intermediate is essentially important for the conversion of the thioanisolyl into the thiophenolato complexes.

Synthesis of 1-alkynyl(phthalocyaninato)iron(II) and -ruthenium(II) complexes

Hanack, Michael,Knecht, Siegfried,Schulze, Hans-Joachim

, p. 157 - 161 (1993)

The preparation of dilithiumiron(II) (IIIb) is described.For comparison dilithiumiron(II) (IIIa) was also made.Several 1-alkynyl(phthalocyaninato)ruthenium(II) co

Ercolani, Claudio,Rossi, Gentilina,Monacelli, Fabrizio,Verzino, Maria

, p. 95 - 104 (1983)

Nano magnetite supported phthalocyanine complexes of Cu(II) and Fe(II) as new heterogeneous effective catalysts for synthesis of β-amido ketones

Naeimi, Hossein,Rahmatinejad, Soraya

, p. 4210 - 4227 (2019/01/19)

In this study, a novel, heterogeneous and reusable catalyst prepared by the coordinative anchoring of metal(II) phthalocyanine complexes (M: Fe, Cu) on the guanidine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was reported. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and FT-IR measurements. The catalysts were used successfully in the synthesis of β-amido ketones. This method provides several advantages including little catalyst loading, absence of any tedious workup or purification and at least six times reusability of the catalyst without any remarkable change in the catalytic activity. (Figure presented.).