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107007-99-8

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107007-99-8 Usage

Outline of Granisetron hydrochloride

Granisetron hydrochloride was originally developed by the British Beecham company in the mid-1980s. At 1991, the merged Smithkline-Beecham (SB) Company had pushed for the first time of 3 mg of injection Kytri1 to the market in South Africa. To date, including 1 mg of oral tablets, 1mg of injections, granisetron hydrochloride has already entered into market in United States, Britain, France, Japan, Germany, Italy and other more than forty countries and regions around the world. When the Smithkline-Beecham (SB) Company was merged with Glaxo Company, it transferred this product to the Roche Company. Foreign research data has shown that granisetron hydrochloride has a high selectivity to receptor. Its affinity to 5-HT3 receptor is 4000 to 10000 time as high as its affinity to other receptors, such as 5-HT1, 5-HT2, dopamine D1, D1, histamine H1, benzodiazepine and opioid receptor. For comparison, the difference for ondansetron is only about 1,000 times. For the test of its prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets, the antiemetic rates in the three dose groups of granisetron hydrochloride 2 × 0.005,2 × 0.05 and 2 × 0.5mg/kg (iv) were 93%, 96% and 100 %, respectively while for ondansetron in 2 × 2.5mg/kg, this value was 89%, demonstrating that granisetron hydrochloride exhibited a at least five times stronger efficacy of anti-emetic than ondansetron. Toxicity studies suggest that granisetron hydrochloride can achieve very excellent antiemetic effect even in small dose with only minor side effects. However, there may be sth abnormal occurring in cardiovascular system upon large doses. Since the recommended clinical dose of granisetron hydrochloride is small (3mg/d), which is only 1/25 (<1 mg/kg) of the lowest dose used in animal studies, therefore, clinical application of it is very safe. Pharmacokinetic study has shown that granisetron hydrochloride has a half-life (t1/2) of 9 h in the body of patient while this value is 4 h at healthy people, 7.7 h in elderly people and 4.9h in young people. Granisetron hydrochloride is mainly metabolized in the liver and can be excreted through the feces and urine in the form of 7-hydroxy granisetron hydrochloride and other forms of metabolic product. For patients of liver damage or liver metastases, they have reduced plasma clearance rate with the scavenging rate upon renal insufficiency being 1/4 of the normal case. It has been observed of high first pass metabolism upon oral administration with the absolute bioavailability being 60%.

Domestic Market Analysis

1993, China has approved of the import of the Kytri1 injection (3 mg/ 3 mL) of British SB company, Registration No: X930279, and has allowed for in clinical trials. In 1994, the China-US Tianjin Smith Kline Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. had used imported raw materials processing method for production of the injection of the 3mg granisetron hydrochloride and had obtained the approval of the Ministry of Health: (94) health medicine approved: J-10 number (fourth class) with the trade name being "Kay Reiter. " Currently there are a number of domestic manufacturers having their products enter into market with the number of manufacture which makes formulation being up to dozen, see Annex I for details. China has a large population with the annual number of newly identified cancer patients being more than 1.6 million. The nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced have been one of the serious side effects that doctors and patients worry of. Therefore, new antiemetics are in urgent demand. Currently, ondansetron class of drugs has occupied most of the market antiemetic including ondansetron (ShufuLing), granisetron hydrochloride (Kytril) and tropisetron (Oubiting), wherein the ondansetron and granisetron has been accumulated of large number of clinical application experience with good response from the doctors and has played positive role on improving the domestic situation of the treatment of chemotherapy vomiting. With the localization of products, the decreasing price and the increasing income level of people, antiemetics market will be certainly greatly improved. In this case, granisetron hydrochloride, as the secondary antiemetic drug entering into market, will certainly have good market prospects. The above information is edited by the lookchem of Dai Xiongfeng.

Instructions

[Character]it is colorless or nearly colorless liquid clarity. [Toxicology]This product is a highly selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and has excellent preventive and therapeutic effect on treating nausea and vomiting induced by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery and other factors can cause enterochromaffin cells to release 5-HT; 5-HT can activate the 5-HT3 receptors in central nerve or vagus nerve and cause vomiting reflex. The mechanism of this product in controlling nausea and vomiting is through antagonizing the 5-HT3 receptor in the central chemosensory area and peripheral vagus nerve terminal, further suppressing the nausea and vomiting. This product has high selectivity and no side effects such as extrapyramidal reactions, excessive sedation and so on. [Indications]it is suitable for the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by radiation therapy and cytotoxic drug. [Dosage and usage amount]intravenous drip. Recommended dosage for adults is usually 3 mg. Administer it intravenously 30 minutes prior to chemotherapy. Most patients only need to be administered once with the prevention action against nausea and vomiting being more than 24 hours. The number of doses can be increased by 1-2 times if necessary, but the maximum daily dose should not exceed 9 mg and the infusion time should not be less than 5 minutes. [Pharmacokinetics]healthy volunteers, after intravenous injection of this product for 20 or 40 μg/kg, the average peak plasma concentration was 13.7 and 42.8μg/L, the plasma elimination half-life is approximately 3.1-5.9 hours. This product is widely distributed in the body with serum protein binding rate being about 65%. Most of them are rapidly metabolized with the major metabolic pathway being N-dealkylation and conjugation after aromatic oxidation. This product is excreted through the feces and urine.

Chemical Properties

It is white or yellowish white crystalline powder and is odorless. It is easily soluble in water but hardly soluble in methanol, extremely hardly to be dissolved in ethanol and almost insoluble in ether. It has a melting point of 290-292 ℃. For acute toxicity LD50, female mice, male and female rats (mg/kg): 17, 25, 14, 16, respectively. Intravenous injection.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 107007-99-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It is the selective antagonist of the 5-serotonin 3 (5-HT3) in peripheral and central nervous system.
2. anticoagulant
3. A specific serotonin (5HT3) receptor antagonist. Used as an antiemetic. Granisetron HCl is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemothera py. Its main effect is to reduce the activity of the vagus nerve. It does not have much effect on vomiting due to motion sickness. This drug does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarini c receptor
4. These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials. These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.

Description

Granisetron hydrochloride is the second selective 5HT-3-antagonist approved for the management of nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy.Like ondansetron, granisetron hydrochloride is superior to metoclopramide in both efficacy and side effect profile. The compound appears to be effective both as a prophylactic agent and in blocking vomiting once started.

Originator

SmithKline Beecham (United Kingdom)

Manufacturing Process

A solution of 1-(phenylmethyleneamino)isatin (1.354 g, 0.0054 mol) and endo-3-amino-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (0.832 g, 0.0054 mol) in dry THF (25 ml) under argon was heated to reflux for 5 hours. The solution was cooled and evaporated and the residual traces of THF were azeotropically removed with dichloromethane. The residue was triturated with ether to give the intermediate 2-(benzylidenehydrazino)-α-oxophenyl-(9-methyl-9- azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl)carboxamide as an orange powder (1.583 g, 73%). Sodium hydride (50 mg, 60% dispersion in oil) was added to a solution of the 2-(benzylidenehydrazino)-α-oxophenyl-(9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl) carboxamide in dry THF (2.3 ml) under argon at -50°C. The resultant solution was warmed to 0°C over 20 min then cooled to -30°C and treated with methyl iodide (0.020 ml). The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 24 hours then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, and triturated with chloroform to give the 2-(N-methylbenzylidenehydrazo)-α- oxophenyl-(9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl)carboxamide as a light coloured powder (50 mg, 38%). Further trituration of the mother liquor gave a further crop, (37 mg, 28%, after recrystallisation from chloroform). A solution of 2-(N-methylbenzylidenehydrazo)-α-oxophenyl-(9-methyl-9- azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl)carboxamide (37 mg) in methanol (1 ml) was treated with 2 N hydrochloric acid (0.1 ml) and left at room temperature for several hours. Evaporation of the solvent gave the crude product as a brown oil (36 mg). HPLC and MS analysis confirmed the structure and indicated a quantitative yield of endo-N-(9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl)-1- methylindazole-3-carboxamide (Ganisetron). In practice it is usually used as hydrochloride.

Brand name

Kytril (Roche).

Therapeutic Function

Serotonin antagonist

General Description

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Biological Activity

5-HT 3 receptor antagonist that possesses potent antiemetic activity.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Granisetron hydrochloride is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and antiemetic.

Pharmacology

Granisetron Hydrochloride is a highly selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with good preventive and therapeutic effects on nausea and vomiting caused by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Factors such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery can cause enterochromaffin cells to release 5-HT, and 5-HT can activate 5-HT3 receptors in the central or vagus nerve and cause gag reflex. The mechanism of this product to control nausea and vomiting is to inhibit the occurrence of nausea and vomiting by antagonizing the 5-HT3 receptors in the central chemoreceptor area and peripheral vagus nerve endings.

Pharmacokinetics

After intravenous injection of 20 or 40 μg/kg of this product in healthy subjects, the average peak plasma concentration was 13.7 and 42.8 μg/L, and the plasma elimination half-life was about 3.1-5.9 hours. Granisetron hydrochloride is widely distributed in the body, the serum protein binding rate is about 65%, and most of it is rapidly metabolized. The main metabolic pathway is N-dealkylation and aromatic epoxidation and then conjugated. It is excreted in feces and urine.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

Granisetron is an alternative to other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g., ondansetron or dolasetron) for the treatment of severe vomiting or prophylaxis before administering antineoplastic drugs such as cisplatin that can cause severe vomiting.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 107007-99-8 includes 9 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 6 digits, 1,0,7,0,0 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 107007-99:
(8*1)+(7*0)+(6*7)+(5*0)+(4*0)+(3*7)+(2*9)+(1*9)=98
98 % 10 = 8
So 107007-99-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C18H24N4O/c1-21-13-6-5-7-14(21)11-12(10-13)19-18(23)17-15-8-3-4-9-16(15)22(2)20-17/h3-4,8-9,12-14H,5-7,10-11H2,1-2H3,(H,19,23)/t12-,13+,14-

107007-99-8 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (G0401)  Granisetron Hydrochloride  >98.0%(HPLC)(T)

  • 107007-99-8

  • 200mg

  • 630.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (G0401)  Granisetron Hydrochloride  >98.0%(HPLC)(T)

  • 107007-99-8

  • 1g

  • 1,990.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (PHR1616)  Granisetron Hydrochloride  pharmaceutical secondary standard; traceable to USP, PhEur

  • 107007-99-8

  • PHR1616-500MG

  • 1,078.62CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (Y0000396)  Granisetronhydrochloride  European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

  • 107007-99-8

  • Y0000396

  • 1,880.19CNY

  • Detail
  • USP

  • (1298106)  Granisetron hydrochloride  United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

  • 107007-99-8

  • 1298106-150MG

  • 9,582.30CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (G3796)  Granisetronhydrochloride  ≥98% (HPLC), solid

  • 107007-99-8

  • G3796-10MG

  • 1,224.99CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (G3796)  Granisetronhydrochloride  ≥98% (HPLC), solid

  • 107007-99-8

  • G3796-50MG

  • 5,496.66CNY

  • Detail

107007-99-8SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 19, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 19, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name Granisetron hydrochloride

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names 1-Methyl-N-[(3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-yl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:107007-99-8 SDS

107007-99-8Synthetic route

granisetron hydrochloride
107007-99-8

granisetron hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In water; isopropyl alcohol77%
With hydrogenchloride In water; toluene at 50 - 60℃;
endo-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine
76272-41-8, 141650-55-7, 76272-56-5

endo-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine

1-methylindazole-3-carboxylic acid chloride
106649-02-9

1-methylindazole-3-carboxylic acid chloride

granisetron hydrochloride
107007-99-8

granisetron hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; triethylamine In dichloromethane
granisetron hydrochloride
107007-99-8

granisetron hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia; water for 0.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;

107007-99-8Downstream Products

107007-99-8Related news

Development of an oil suspension containing Granisetron hydrochloride (cas 107007-99-8) as a sustained-release parenteral formulation for enhancement of pharmacokinetic properties08/07/2019

A sustained-release parenteral formulation of granisetron hydrochloride, a water-soluble drug, was developed in the form of an oil suspension loaded with microparticles. Spray drying technique was employed to prepare microparticles of polymers and the drug without using organic solvents. The eff...detailed

107007-99-8Relevant articles and documents

POLYMORPHIC FORM OF GRANISETRON HYDROCHLORIDE AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

-

Page/Page column 2, (2010/03/31)

Crystalline granisetron hydrochloride characterized by a powder x-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at about 14.3, 20.4, and 23.0±0.2 degrees two-theta and process of making the same are disclosed.

Indazolyl carboxylic acid amides useful for treating migraine clusters headache, trigeminal neuralgia or emesis

-

, (2008/06/13)

Compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: STR1 wherein X is CO and Y is NH; Z is NR3 wherein R3 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C3-7 alkenyl-methyl, phenyl or phenyl C1-4 alkyl either of which phenyl moieties may be substituted by one or two of halogen, CF3, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 alkyl; and Ra is not present; or Z is N and Ra is as defined for R3 above; Rb is present when X-Y-R2 is attached at the phenyl ring and is selected from hydrogen, halogen, CF3, hydroxy, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 alkyl; R1 is hydrogen, halogen, CF3, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 alkylthio, C1-7 acyl, C1-7 acylamino, C1-6 alkylsulphonylamino, N(C1-6 alkylsulphonyl)-N-C1-4 alkylamino, C1-6 alkylsulphinyl, hydroxy, nitro or amino, aminocarbonyl, aminosulphonyl, aminosulphonylamino or N-(aminosulphonyl)-C1-4 alkylamino optionally N-substituted by one or two groups selected from C1-6 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl C1-4 alkyl, phenyl or phenyl C1-4 alkyl groups or optionally N-disubstituted by C4-5 polymethylene; R2 is a group of formula (a) STR2 wherein n is 2 or 3; and R4 is C1-7 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl-C1-2 alkyl, or a group (CH2)t R6 where t is 1 or 2 and R6 is thienyl, pyrrolyl or furyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents selected from C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or halogen, or is phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents having 5-HT antagonist activity and/or gastric motility enhancing activity.

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