2051-24-3Relevant articles and documents
Optimization of Perchlorination Conditions for Some Representative Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Lin, Jia Ming,Hee, Shane S, Que
, p. 2130 - 2134 (1985)
The yield of decachlorobiphenyl (DCB) from representative Aroclors (50 to 6000 ng) using antimony pentachloride as perchlorinating agent was extremely temperature dependent below 236 deg C for a reaction period of 2 h.At 288 deg C, a 35-min reaction period was sufficient to obtain DCB yields >80percent for Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, and 1268.The perchlorination process was shown to be first order.The temperature dependence of the reaction times below 236 deg C was largely responsible for the inconsistent perchlorination yields reported previously in the literature.The extraction of DCB with hexane form a HCl-acidified perchlorinated solution and the subsequent column chromatography on silica gel were also essential after the perchlorination to quantitate the DCB by (63)Ni electron capture/gas chromatography.The structures of the two nonachlorobiphenyls, which were the penultimate stable intermediates before DCB, were found.The methodology to use the technique for air and blood samples was described.
Electrophilic phosphonium cations (EPCs) with perchlorinated-aryl substituents: Towards air-stable phosphorus-based Lewis acid catalysts
Postle, Shawn,Podgorny, Vitali,Stephan, Douglas W.
, p. 14651 - 14657 (2016/10/03)
A series of phosphines incorporating (C6Cl5) substituents, Ph2P(C6Cl5) 1, PhP(C6Cl5)22, P(C6Cl5)33 and (C6F5)P(C6Cl5)24 were prepared. In the case of 1, 2 and 4, these were converted to the corresponding aryl-difluorophosphoranes 5-7via reaction with XeF2, whereas reaction of 3 with XeF2 afforded only an inseparable mixture of products. The compounds 5-7 were converted to the fluorophosphonium cations 8-10, whereas the reaction of 3 with Selectfluor afforded (C6Cl5)2POF and (C6Cl5)2. The fluorophosphonium salts showed evidence of improved air stability as well as Lewis acid catalytic activity in hydrodefluorination, hydrosilylation, deoxygenation and dehydrocoupling chemistry.
Organochlorine formation in magnesium electrowinning cells
Deutscher,Cathro
, p. 147 - 155 (2007/10/03)
The formation of organochlorines during the electrolytic production of magnesium was investigated using a laboratory-scale electrolytic cell having a graphite anode, a liquid aluminium alloy cathode, and a molten chloride electrolyte. The cell was operated at current densities ranging from 3000 to 10,000 A m-2 and at temperatures ranging from 660°C to 750°C. Organochlorines were adsorbed from the cell off-gases onto silica gel, extracted with hexane, and determined by gas chromatography. All compounds identified were fully chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic compounds, the major components being hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorobenzene, hexachloroethylene, and octachlorostyrene. The total amount of organochlorines per tonne of magnesium produced decreased with electrolysis time and with current density and increased with operating temperature; it was also dependent on the type of graphite employed. The output of organochlorines Varied from 5 to 20 g t-1 of magnesium.
