29082-74-4 Usage
Description
Octachlorostyrene(OCS) is a persistent, highly bioaccumulative,
and toxic halogenated aromatic compound. It is not commercially
manufactured, but is reportedly an inadvertent by-product
of processes that combine carbon and chlorine under elevated
temperatures. Magnesium production, chloride solvent
production, aluminum plasma etching, aluminum degassing
with hexachloroethane, chlorination of titanium, waste incineration,
and chloro-alkali production with graphite anodes
process are considered to be candidate occupations that produce
OCS. However, recent advances have been made in
process technology and pollution prevention practices in some
of these industries, such as largely eliminating the electrolytic
manufacture of chlorine and aluminum degassing with hexachloroethane,
both of which have likely resulted in reductions
in known sources of OCS.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 29082-74-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. OCS is used in pesticide products to increase the effectiveness
of the active ingredients, to make the product easier to apply, or
to allow several active ingredients to mix in one solution.
2. Perchlorostyrene is a component used in pesticide formulations.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by ingestion.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors ofClí.
Environmental Fate
OCS is bioaccumulative in aquatic food webs. Due to its low
water solubility (water solubility = 1.74E-03 mg l-1; log P
(octanol–water) = 7.460), OCS tends to rapidly partition from
water and binds to sediments and suspended solids. Bioconcentration
through direct uptake may be an important
mechanism in aquatic species.
In aquatic systems, OCS is expected to adsorb to suspended
solids and sediments based on its Koc value ranging from
200 000 to 10 000 000. OCS has been detected in water at
concentrations as high as 7.2 ng l-1, but levels typically are well
below 1 ng l-1. While there is the potential for volatilization
from aquatic systems based on an estimated Henry’s law
constant of 2.3 ×10-4 atm m3 mol-1, volatilization (vapor
pressure= 1.32E-05mmHg) is likely attenuated by adsorption
to particles. Bioaccumulation by aquatic organisms is likely
based on a bioconcentration factor that is estimated to range
from 8100 to 33 000. Field estimates of bioaccumulation factors range up to 1 400 000 (from water to rainbow trout in
Lake Ontario). Mean concentrations in Lake Ontario sediments
and rainbow trout were 13.6 ng g-1 dry weight (ppb) and
2.6 ng g-1 wet weight (ppb), respectively. The highest
concentrations found in fish as part of the National Study of
Chemical Residues in Fish (conducted by the US Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)) were from Bayou D’Inde,
Louisiana (138 ng g-1 (ppb)), Freeport, Texas (65.3 ng g-1
(ppb)), River Rouge, Michigan (50.7 ng g-1 (ppb)), and Olcott,
New York (49.6 ng g-1 (ppb)). Temporal studies, while
limited, have indicated a substantial decline in concentrations
of OCS since the 1970s. In contrast, relatively low OCS levels
in freshwater mussels and fish from Belgium and Romania
ranged from 0.01 to 0.18 ng g-1 wet weight (ppb), and those in
marine fish (bib, sole, and whiting) ranged from 0.01 to
0.02 ng g-1 wet weight (ppb).
In terrestrial systems, OCS is expected to bind to soil
particles. In the atmosphere, OCS (in the vapor phase) is
degraded by reactions with photochemically produced
hydroxyl radicals. OCS weakly absorbs ultraviolet light
between 295 and 310 nm with slow photolysis. Major transformation
products of photolysis include heptachlorostyrene
and two isomers of hexachlorostyrene, while minor transformation
products of photolysis include pentachlorostyrene
and tetrachlorostyrene.
Monitoring of OCS in western Hudson polar bears showed
no change during 1991–2007. This suggests the persistency of
OCS in the environment, though it did not further accumulate.
Toxicity evaluation
The mechanisms of toxicity and the human toxicological
properties of OCS have not been well characterized. Exposure
to OCS decreased GSH, increased reactive oxygen species and
cytosolic caspase-3 activation in human Chang liver cells, and
led to cell death. These results suggest that the toxicity in cells
may be via apoptotic processes.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 29082-74-4 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,9,0,8 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 29082-74:
(7*2)+(6*9)+(5*0)+(4*8)+(3*2)+(2*7)+(1*4)=124
124 % 10 = 4
So 29082-74-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C8Cl8/c9-2-1(4(11)8(15)16)3(10)6(13)7(14)5(2)12
29082-74-4Relevant articles and documents
Formation of octachlorostyrene during the synthesis of chromium(iii) chloride
Mataruse,Yuknis,McDonald,Booth,Cleary,Twamley
, p. 69 - 74 (2007/10/03)
Octachlorostyrene has been recovered from the reaction tube, along with previously reported hexachlorobenzene, during the synthesis of CrCl3 from Cr2O3 and CCl4 at high temperature. The region in the reaction tube where the octachlorostyrene was found, namely upstream from the Cr2O3 held at 890°C, suggests that this molecule is formed at a temperature below 890°C and that it decomposes if raised to that temperature. A low gas flow was used in this experiment, allowing products to diffuse countercurrently. Copyright
Influence of elemental sulfur on the de-novo-synthesis of organochlorine compounds from residual carbon on fly ash
Bechtler,Stieglitz,Zwick,Will,Roth,Hedwig
, p. 2261 - 2278 (2007/10/03)
Thermal experiments between 300°C and 500°C were performed with fly ash of a municipal waste incineration plant which had been spiked with elemental sulfur. The influence of elemental sulfur on the heterogeneous carbon-decomposition and the de-novo-synthesis of polychlorinated compounds was investigated. Compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, benzenes, benzoand dibenzothiophenes, Cl4-thiophene, Cl4- thienothiophene, Cl7- and Cl8-phenylthiophene were quantified. Apart from those, other intermediate structures were determined. These compounds are mainly aromatics with a vinyl- or butadienyl-group, stabilized by perchlorination. In detail, the compounds are Cl7- and Cl8-styrene, Cl10-vinylnaphthalenes, Cl10-phenylbutadiene, Cl10-octatetraene, Cl10-bis-butadienylsulfides and Cl12-stilbenes.
NOVEL PRODUCTS IN THE CO2-LASER INDUCED REACTION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Earl, Boyd L.,Titus, Richard L.
, p. 104 - 114 (2007/10/02)
Previous report on the thermal or CO2-laser induced decomposition of trichloroethylene have identified only one condensable product, hexachlorobenzene (in addition to HCl and mono- and dichloroacetylene).We have found that trichloroethylene vapor exposed to cw irradiation on the P(24) line of the (001-100) band of the CO2 laser at incident power levels from 8-17 W procedures numerous products, of which the 13 major ones have been identified using IR, GC/MS, GC/FTIR, and NMR methods.All of these products have 4, 6, or 8 carbons, are highly unsaturated, and are completely chlorinated or contain a single hydrogen.C4HCl5 and C6Cl6 isomers (three of each) account for ca. 55percent to 85percent of total products (based on peak area in the total ion chromatograms in GC/MS runs), depending on reaction conditions.In addition to characterizing the products, we discuss the dependence of the product distribution on laser power, irradiation time, and cell geometry, and we outline a possible mechanism.
